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1、NOUN and NOUN PHRASE,Lecture 4,4.1.1 Classification,4.1.2 Function,The noun phrase can function as all the elements in a sentence except the predicate verb.,Children at play seldom remember what time it is.,In the hall I saw some extremely valuable pictures.,They elected him chairman of the board.,C
2、hildren,play,time,subject,prepositional complementation,subject complement,hall,pictures,object,chairman,board,object complement,Mr Brown,director of the coal mine,should be responsible for the accident.,He returned last night.,A photo is taken each time this button is pushed.,conjunction,adverbial,
3、appositive,director of the coal mine,last night,each time,4.2 Number Forms of Nouns,EX.4C,4.3 Partitives(Unit Nouns),4.3.1 General partitives4.3.2 Partitives related to the Shape of Things4.3.3 Partitives related to volume4.3.4 Partitives related to the state of action4.3.5 Partitives denoting pairs
4、,groups,flocks,1)General Partitives:,With noncount nouns the expression of quantity can be achieved by means of certain general partitives,particularly piece,bit,article,and item,followed by an of-phrase,piece:一 片/块/张/段/枝/个/幅/项/件(文 艺 作 品 的)部,篇,首,幅,出,支,bit:小块,少量,piece and bit are very general words a
5、nd can be used with most uncountable nouns,article:一件,一种(物品;物件;商品)一条，一项（项目,条款,）,item:一件，一则,一条（项目,条款，消息，情报）,There are partitives that are semantically related to the shape of things and whose power of collocation is,therefore,quite limited,2)Partitives Related to the Shape of Things,cake 块,bar 条,drop
6、 滴,ear 穗,flight 群(飞着的鸟)段(阶梯),grain 粒,head 花冠,穗(植物，蔬菜)头(牲畜),lump 块(小),spiral 盘，卷,slice 片,bundle 捆，束，包,loaf 条，块(面包),3)Partitives Related to Volume,A third class of partitives are those that are semantically related to volume,and all of which are common nouns.They can freely collocate with related nono
7、unt nouns,bottle 瓶,bowl 碗,pail 桶,bucket 桶,glass 杯,cup 杯,handful 把,spoonful 匙,truckload 一货车的容量,lorryload 一卡车载量,4)Partitives Related to the State of Action,The use of these partitives is limited to certain set phrases,a fit of 一阵(情绪，病痛的发作；，声音),a peal of 一阵(声音),a flash of 一线/闪/道,a display of 的显示，展示,5)P
8、artitives Denoting Pairs,Groups,Flocks,These partitives commonly occur with plural count nouns,a pair of a group ofa flock of a herd of a litter ofa swarm of,一双，对,一群(人、虫、兽等),一群,兽群,牧群,一窝,一群昆虫，人，动物,a bench of a troupe of a pack of a shoal ofa school of a gang of,一席，全体（法官）,一团，班，伙（演员）,一群（野兽，猎犬）一帮/伙人（贬）,
9、一群（鱼）,一群,队(鱼，水族动物),一队（工人），一群（囚犯）一帮（歹徒）,5)Partitives Denoting Pairs,Groups,Flocks,EX.4D 4E,Genitive Noun,Lecture 5,Case as a General Term,Case is a grammatical category that can express a number of different relationships between nominal elements.The genitive was traditionally labeled as the“possessi
10、ve case”.,Possessive Genitive(所有):,The central use of the genitive,is to express possessionMr.Johnsons passport has a passportthe earths gravity the earth has a certain gravity,Subjective Genitive(主谓),the boys application the boy applied for()her parents consent the parents consented,the boys releas
11、e,The criminals punishment,The boy was released.,Sb released the boy,The criminal was punished.,Sb punished the criminal.,Objective Genitive(动宾),Genitive of Origin(来源),the girls story the girl told a storythe generals letter the general wrote a letter a letter from the general,Genitive of Origin(来源)
12、,I havent received my sisters letter yet.a letter from my sisterNewtons law was developed in the 17th century.Newton discovered the law,6.Genitive of timedistancemeasure value weight building family shop culture art transport science industry city country institution,two hours delay,300 kilometers d
13、istance,50 kilograms weight,trucks wheel,the novels plot,the factorys output,sciences contribution to civilization,the barbers,her uncles,St.Pauls=(St.Pauls Cathedral),the films significance,Nanjings weather,a dollars worth,five tons steel,Harvards Department of Economics,Chinas development,PREVIEW LECTURE 6-10.,
