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1、On Reading,囧,今天好囧啊，等了半天打不到的士。,If you come across the new words when reading,What will you do?,How to guess the meanings of words,猜测词义 读懂文章,-高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）,题型及解题技巧,Teaching background 教学背景,阅读理解,1.,20052009年阅读理解试题分类情况,猜测词义题目类型,对考纲外生词的猜测,Many United Nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,spe
2、aks five languages fluently.“polyglot”most probably means“_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,I had first known she was wrong that her anxiety had clouded her judgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_.”,Question Form(二轮 P66),1.The word“”refers to/means/could best be replaced by _.2.The underlined word/sentence means _.3.Find in t
3、he passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word“”.4.What does“”in the last two paragraphs stand for?,方法一：Using word formation（构词法）,Approach introduction 方法介绍,2.,prefix(前缀）,suffix（后缀）,un-,word root(词根）,believe,-able,Guessing the meaning,unbelievable,With their shining brown eyes,wagging t
4、ails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET),unconditional:,无条件的,绝对的 adj.,condition,conditional,情况，条件 n.,有条件的 adj.,unconditional:,nonjudgmental:,没有判断力的,judge,judgment,judgmental,判断 v.,判断 n.,adj.,nonjudgmental:,-e
5、r-or-ian-ist-ese-ess,后缀,构成可数名词,猜一猜:solve drug electric great remind,构词法,-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing,后缀,构成抽象名词,solution,druggist,electrician,greatness,reminder,dis-im-mis-un-non-,否定前缀,re-co-mini-over-pre-post-vice-en-tele-,其它前缀,重复,共同,平等,小,过度,-后,副的,使-可能,远程,-前,猜一猜:minicar postwar supermarket preview p
6、reschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president,微型汽车战后超市预习学前回忆,回想无关系的不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统,-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous,形容词后缀,enizeify,动词后缀,e.g.weakenrealizesatisfy,猜猜:strengthen simplify activate mountainouscourageouschangeable lifeless hilly peace
7、able fictional,方法二：Using context clues（利用上下文线索）,同义词、近义词,Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health.They also regard drinking as harmful.,有害的 adj.,作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。,also,技巧 1,资金 n.,At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start
8、a business,nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.,money,同义词、近义词,nor,同义词常见信号词：or,namely,that is,i.e.,that is to say,等。,Ex.symptoms,volatile,shivered,One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we m
9、ust keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,反义词,eg.Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man,John is quite homely“homely”means“”.,平凡的，不好看的,With the help of words like:unlike;buthowever,while,instead,on the other hand.,U
10、nlike,handsome,技巧 2,Rather than liking the movie,as I expected them to,all my friends abhorred it.厌恶，憎恨,Rather than,liking,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.Some human action
11、s are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,不同意,Ex.turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent,定义、解释或举例,通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is;was;mean;that is;thats to say;or;namely;in o
12、ther words;to put it another way;i.e,such as;like;especially;for instance;for example)来确定词义,技巧 3,1.When writing an article,we often use simile,such as“brave as a lion”and“quick like lightning”“simile”means“_”.,【修辞】明喻,常见的信号词：such as,for example,for instance 等。,Many United Nations employees are polygl
13、ots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.“polyglot”most probably means“_.”,通晓多种语言的,2.Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.3.He is a resolute man,once he sets up a goal,he will not give it up easily.,A person who is skilled at making or repairing w
14、ooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,Ex.carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,因果关系,With the help of conjunctions like:because,as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so
15、 that，etc.,技巧 4,-since you are my superior（上级）,it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.（2005年上海卷）Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet,since,superior,Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperien
16、ced eye could not tell the difference.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.,复制品,精明的,修剪,Ex.replica,shrewd,trim,标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）,1.You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English,Foreign Lang
17、uage Teaching in Schools,or English Learning.A.dictionaries B.story-books C.magazines D.newspapers,技巧 5,2.The other questioned the veracity the truthfulness of these reports.3.We are on the night shift working from midnight to 8 a.m.this week.,经验和常识,In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing so
18、uwesters,the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.,a kind of raincoat,技巧 6,The heat of sun warms some ocean water.The surface of the water evaporates，forming a cloud of warm,wet air that moves upward“evaporates”means“_”,turns into vapour 蒸发,1.In old days,when girls from rich families were m
19、arried to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.2.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.3.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to
20、 feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,Ex.dowry,wither,anaesthetic,嫁妆,枯萎,麻药,Using word formationUsing context(上下文）clues（线索）,同义词、近义词反义词定义、解释或举例因果关系 标点符号经验和常识,Summary 小结,3.,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做 题 要 领,Let us do some exercises to consolidate it.,4.,Practi
21、ce makes perfect,1.Most women in Ghanathe educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and oldwork to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.The underlined word“illiterate”in the passage means _.repeated B.reiterated C.uneducated D.sick2.“The Dave yo
22、u saw on TV was the real Dave,”say his friend Pat Williams,“he wasnt a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy,Part 1 Consilidation,3.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up
23、his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.The underlined word means _.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever 4.The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Centre offers a wide variety of choices-deluxe sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches.Santana sedans are the big favorite.The words“deluxe s
24、edans,”“minivans”and“station wagons used in the text refer to _.A.cars in the making B.car rental firms C.cars for rent D.car makers,5.Since I have finished my paper now,I am going to give myself a treat tonight.I am going to watch a movie on campus,an action movie called“Face Off”.The underlined wo
25、rds“a treat”here means _.A.an action movie B.something pleasant to enjoy C.a rest D.something nice to eat 6.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.to work to live B.to eat to live C.to teach to live D.
26、to pay to use,7.A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act
27、 on the stage D.people who listens to something8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.house,Now lets try some examples in the passages.Here are some examples in the exams.Try to guess the meanings of t
28、he underlined words in the following passages.,Part 2 Practice,eg：A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools:Dont start classes so early in the morning.It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy.And it may not be that their parents ha
29、ve failed to enforce(确保)bedtime.Instead,it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students arent used to the early hour.49.The underlined phrase“nod off”most probably means“_”.A.turn around B.agree with others C.fall asleep D.refuse to work,Passage 1.,eg：A heart-warming story tells of a woman who
30、 finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary.All day she felt nervous and apprehensive.Late in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer.To her delight,the boss agreed to a raise.54.The underlined word in the second paragraph most probably means_A.worried B.eager C.ce
31、rtain D.afraid,Passage 2.,eg：Each region has a distinctive local flavor.Here,wed like to introduce the best of Chinese cuisine.Now,there might be Chinese restaurants almost everywhere in the world,but I couldnt think of a better place or time to show the charm of it than at the Beijing Olympics.41.T
32、he underlined word in paragraph 1 most probably means_ A.cooker B.cook C.food D.tradition,Passage 3.,A bike tour and race will be held on Aug 26 and 27.At 5:30 am,the riders will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 km as a training leg.Then the next 55 Km leg from Yanjiao to Jixian,will be
33、the first competition.The underlined word“leg”probably means _.A.race B.practice C.part of the training D.part of the tour,Passage 4.,Passage 5.We can not feel speed.But our sense let us know that we are moving.We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken.We can feel acceleration,an i
34、ncrease in speed.But we notice it for only a short time.For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.1.Acceleration is the name for _.A.any kind of movement B.the movement of a planeC.a steady speed D.an increase in speed,Passage 6.A tornado can do a lot of damage.The wind of a torna
35、do rushes at great speed around a funnel-shaped cloud.It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long.As the wind circles,the funnel spirals higher and higher.2.A tornado is a _.A.rainstorm B.dust storm C.great circle wind D.huge funnel of water,Passage 7.（09佛山一模A篇）That
36、s why intergenerational programmes,designed to bring the old and young together,are growing popularity all over the world.There are examples of successful attempts all over the world.Using young people to teach IT skills to older people is one obvious example.Using old people as volunteer assistants
37、 in schools is another,perhaps reading with children who need extra attention.44.What does the“intergenerational programmes”refer to?A.Combining elderly homes with nursery schools.B.Letting the children and the residents eat together C.Asking young people to teach IT skills to older people D.Using o
38、ld people as volunteer assistants in school.,Passage 8.（09 深圳一模A篇）But FAO（Food and Agriculture Organization)official Hafez Ghanem says lower prices have failed to end the food crisis in many poor countries.“For millions in developing countries,”he says,“getting enough food every to live an active an
39、d healthy life is a distant dream.”The FAO says food shortage is a threat to peoples health.Today,two-thirds of the worlds undernourished people live in just a few countries.These are India,the Democratic Republic of Congo,Bangladesh,Indonesia,Pakistan,Ethiopia and so on.53.The underlined word“under
40、nourished”in Para.4 probably means _.A.hungry and unhappy B.unhealthy for lack of food C not fat because of poverty D.undeveloped and poor,Passage 9.（09广州调研考C篇）Songs that make our hearts happy can make them stronger too,US researchers reported on Tuesday.They found that when people listened to their
41、 favorite music,their blood vessels(血管)dilated in much the same way as when they are laughing,or taking blood medications.“We have a pretty impressive effect,”said Dr.Michael Miller,director of preventive cardiology(心脏病学)at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore.“Blood vessel diamete
42、r improved,”he said,“The vessel opened up pretty significantly.You can see the vessels opening up with other activities such as exercise.”A similar effect is seen with drugs such as stains.51.The underlined word dilate(in par.2)is closest in meaning to“_”A.widen B.move C.change D.increase,Passage 10
43、.STOCKHOLMA Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct.9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system.The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinsons disease and schizophrenia.Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of th
44、e United States share the first prize of the millennium,worth nearly US$1 million,for their discoveries,Swedens Karlinska Institute said.3.What does the underlined word“schizophrenia”probably mean?A.a kind of illness B.a new discovery C.a name of a subject D.a new drug,Unfamiliar word is to English
45、reading what setback is to our life.You can choose to ignore it or turn to others for help,but most of time you will have to overcome it on your own.No matter what difficulty you come across in your life,remember that as long as you dont lose heart,you are sure to find a way out.,Reading makes a ful
46、l man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,Enjoy reading!,Finish the exercisesII.Learn the methods by heartIII.Learn to apply them skillfully,Homework,Thank you for your attention!,Passage 11.New York:when the first jet struck 1 World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday,the people in 2 Wo
47、rld Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they,too,must do:get out fast.Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do,formal announcements inside the south tower instructed people to stay put,telling them that the building was in
48、good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower.4.The underlined words“stay put”means_.A.to keep silentB.to leave at once C.to stay in the building D.to put everything back and then leave,Passage 12.All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony.They have forgotten all their fears a
49、nd worries.It does not matter whether they have done well or not.All the teams walk round the stadium together.Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave.Everyone is hunting for local products.People exchange track suits,hats,running vest and so on.There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends.Then each team starts its journey home.5.The underline phrase“clears up”in the paragraph means_.A.packs up B.goes away C.makes clear D.does the cleaning,
