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1、Noun Clauses,指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。1.The world loves nature.2.Knowledge is power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I
2、 dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(Noun Clauses)名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,What we need is more time.W
3、hat we need are more English dictionaries.,名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外,一般情况下,名词性从句均看作单数概念,由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。,单句改错,1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5
4、.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.,is,hasnt,would,was,he will,has,I know him.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,(简单句),主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,(复合句),一、Object Clauses 宾语从句,1.连词(引导词)1)当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和 否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句 中不作任何成分,
5、也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels(that)his own team is even better.She says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：当that 从句与另一个名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省；当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。用it做形式 宾语的宾语从句。Everyone
6、knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,在主句为动词 be 加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略 that 的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry(that)I dont know.Were sure(that)our team will win.Im afra
7、id(that)he wont pass the exam.,whether和if都可以引导宾语从句。当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.后接to do时只能用whethereg:I havent decided whether to leave.,whether和if的使用区别,练一练:if/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know
8、_ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ to go.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,2.时态1)如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时,现在完成时)从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定,I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.,2)如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时)
9、,那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。,I knew who lived here.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back the following day.He said that he had seen it before.,3)当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.,1.I didnt know what time he _ th
10、e letter.(write)2.Can you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)3.Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times.(be),Exercises:,wrote,has taken,had been,4.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)5.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)6.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six o
11、clock last evening.7.I hear they _(return)it already.8.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,1)could/would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,3.注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?Could you tell us which gate we h
12、ave to go to?Would you like to know when he will come back?,2)如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能 是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词用that。,She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.He said(that)he was going to take care of the child.He asks if I like playing the piano.You may ask the man over there how you can get t
13、o the bus station.,3)否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well.,4)It 常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作形式宾语：it 不仅可以作形式主语,还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。We heard it that she w
14、ould get married next month.,5)连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：,C,Do you know if _back next week?If he _ back,please let me know.he comes,will come will he come,comes C.he will come,comes D.he will come,will come,I dont know when he _(come).I cant wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him t
15、o call me?,will come,comes,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter.A.either B.that C.weather D.whether2.We dont know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which 3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A.that B.if C.when D.what time,D,A,B,单项选择,4.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports m
16、eeting this weekend or not.A.if B.where C.whether D.that5.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.where is the station C.how I could get to the station D.how I can reach the station,C,D,6.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he like7.My sister
17、told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did you live8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is,C,B,D,9.Could you tell me how long _?A.you have bought the watch B.you have kept this science book C.have you
18、 been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China10.He says that if it _ tomorrow,he _ fishing.A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go C.rains,wont go D.rain,will go,B,C,表语从句放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。常用的还有the reason why is that 和 It is because 等结构。,二、Pre
19、dicative Clauses 表语从句,注 意：,在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能用“whether”不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.It is/was because It is/was why4.The reason(why/for)is/was that5.The reason is because/why,that.,注意,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同。但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省。2.if 不能引导表语从句。,1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when,B,C,D,A,Exercise,
