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1、Unit 4 Pygmalion,an expert in phonetics,convinced that the quality of a persons English decides his/her position in society.一位语音学专家，认定一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。,(1)convinced vt.to cause to believer or feel certain;to persuade 说服；使相信，说动（某人）,我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。_,We convinced him to go by train rather plane.,(
2、2)(be)convinced+of 短语/that 从句意思是“坚信”;“确信”。例如：我确信他有罪。_=_.(3)convince(vt.)sb+of 短语/that 从句，“使坚信”;“使确信”。,I am convinced of his guilt.,I am convinced that he was guilty.,我不认为她的强作欢颜能使她父亲相信她在那个小孤岛上过得开心。,I dont think her forced smile_ on that small lonely is land.,will convince her father that she,lives ha
3、ppily,2.A gentleman passes and hesitates for a moment.hesitate:vi.犹豫;踌躇She hesitated to hurt the childs feelings.她不想伤害孩子的感情。I hesitated about taking his side until I knew the whole story.我在完全了解事实真相后，才打消顾虑，支持他的立场。,3.Now dont be troublesome,theres a good girl.troublesome:带来麻烦的;使人心烦的This naughty boy is
4、 really troublesome.这个淘气的男孩子真是惹人烦。My cough is rather troublesome today.我今天咳嗽得很难受。,4.Disappointed at the outcome,but thinking it is better than nothing.outcome:n 结果;效果The necessary outcome of a war is a fall in production.战争带来的必然结果就是生产力下降。Dont try to second-guess the outcome.不要猜测结果.,5.I aint done not
5、hing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.我跟那位先生说话,又没做什么坏事呀。aint 是不规范的语言,相当于am not,is not,has not,have not.We aint coming.我们不来了。They aint got it.他们没有那玩意儿。,nothing wrong 中的wrong是形容词作后置定语,修饰nothing。形容词修饰不定代词时,必须置于不定代词之后。Theres something wrong with my watch.我的表出毛病了。,Please come earlier.Something importa
6、nt will be announced.请早点来,有重要的事情要宣布。Is there anything interesting?有什么有趣的事吗？,6.in disguise 意为“乔装”(1)我以为你是便衣警察。I thought maybe_(2)这位皇帝喜欢微有私访。_.联想：in need of 意思是“需要”。他需要理发了_.in need意思是“在困难（穷困）中”。例如：我们应该帮助贫困的人。_.,you was a policeman in disguise.,He is in need of a haircut.,The emperor liked travelling i
7、n disguise.,We should help those in need.,7.Here you are(hands over the paper covered in writing).给你(他把写满字的纸递过来)hand over 移交;让与；交给某人照料 The captain was unwilling to hand over the command of his ship.船长不愿移交军舰的指挥权。,The thief was handed over to the policeman.小偷被交给警察处理。hand down 传给 hand on 传递 hands up 举手
8、 hand out 分给,分发,It is certain that he will _ his business to his son when he gets old.A.take over B.think over C.hand over D.go over,covered in writing 为过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句which/that is covered in writing.The concert given by him was a great success.由他举行的音乐会很成功。,The first textbooks written for teach
9、ing English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.最早为外语教师而写的英语课本出现在18世纪。,Some of them,born and brought up in villages,had never seen a train.他们当中的一些人生长在农村,从未 见过火车。The meeting held yesterday proved to be a success.昨天开的那次会议证明很成功。,1)Some of the suspects_ refused to answer and kept their mo
10、uths shut.questioning B.being questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned,2)You will find the word“psychology”_ under“P”in any dictionary.have listed B.to be listedC.listing itself D.listed,3)The amount of money_ for the seriously sick child was soon collected.to need B.neededC.needing D.which needed
11、,4)All cars _ nowadays are equipped with safety belts,_ are helpful to drivers.A.being produced;they B.to be produced;which C.produced;which D.produced;they,8.mistaken adj.错误的；不正确的 There you are and you come from the west end of London,born in Lisson Grove if Im not mistaken.你呀,要是我没弄错的话,你是伦敦西边的人,出生在
12、森格罗佛。,I assure youre mistaken.我确信你错了。In that idea,youre mistaken.那样说来你错了。The teacher has a mistaken opinion of this pupil.老师对这个学生有不对的看法。,Bob has a mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holiday.鲍勃想错了,他说明天是假日。A mistaken person should admit his error.犯错的人应承认自己的错误。,mistaken用作形容词,在句中作表语或前置定语。作表语时,常为be mistake
13、n about 对某事持错误的见解。mistake为其名词形式或动词形式。mistake for 把错认为,9.What if I was?如果我是又怎样呢？此句为省略句。原句为:What if I was born in?What if意思为“要是又会怎样？”。,10.Simply phonetics studied and classified from peoples own speech.classify:vt.编排;分类;归类 Simply phonetics studied and classifiedfrom peoples own speech.只是学了点语音学,把人们的发音区
14、分 一下而已。Such people should be classified as middle peasants.这样的人应该被分类为中等农民。,In the post-office,mail is classified according to the places where it is to go.在邮局,邮件是按其邮往何方分类的。She classifies as one of the greatest actresses of our times.她被认为是我们这个时代的最伟大的女演员之一。,classify既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,作及物动词时,表示“分为”,常构成be
15、 classified into“被分成”,be classified as“被分为”;作不及物动词时,表示“属于类”。classified adj.表示“分类的,机密的”;classification n.“分类、类”。,完成句子1.People who work in libraries spend a lot of time _(分类)books.2.If you look in the _(分类的)part of the telephone book youll find plenty of hotels.,classifying,classified,11.But they betr
16、ay themselves every time they open their mouths.但每次一张嘴说话，他们就原形毕露。,betray oneself 无意中露出本性；背叛,相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。_When tempted by money.,Quite a lot of people will betray themselves,betray,（1）vt.give away or make known泄露（秘密）她不会把他的秘密泄露给我。他向所有的朋友透露了这个消息。_.,He betrayed the news to all his friends.,（2）vt.t
17、o be disloyal or unfaithful to 出卖；背叛,他的最好的朋友背叛了他._,His best friend betrayed him.,他背叛祖国，向敌人投降了._.,He betrayed his country to the enemy,(3)to be a sign of(sth.One would like to hide)显露；显示他的脸显露出他很生气。_betray+n.+to 出卖，背叛betray+n.+(to be)/-that 表示“无意中显示，暴露”名词形式betrayal 如an act of betrayal 背叛的行为,His face b
18、etrayed that he was angry.,Dont stop every time you come to a word or phrase you dont know.你遇到一个你不会的单词或词组不要每次都停下来。,Youre welcome to come back any time you want to.你想什么时候来我们都欢迎。He called to see me the first time hecame to Nanjing.第一次他来南京就打电话来看我。,Next time you come,youll see him.下次你来的时候就看见他了。有些表示时间的短语
19、可引导时间状语从句，如：the instant,the moment,the day,the year,each(every)time,next time,the first(second)time等。,1)The minute _ he saw her,he fell in love.A.when B./C.that D.which,2)_ I come he is reading.While B.Every timeC.The last D.After,3)By the time you arrive in London,we_ in Europe for two weeks.A.shal
20、l stay B.have stayed C.will have stayed D.have been staying,4)The moment I _ her,I knew something _ wrong.A.have seen;gone B.had seen;had C.saw;was D.see;had gone,12.Now once taught by me 一旦由我来教,When finished,the homework was handed in.作业一完成就交上了去。,Although tired,he continued climbing.尽管很累,但他仍继续爬着。比较
21、：While being operated,the machine sent off a lot of smoke.机器被操作时,冒出许多烟。,以once,if,as,unless,when,though,although引导的状语从句,若从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中谓语动词为 be+v.-ed 形式,或从句中主谓结构为 it is(was)+adj.时,则从句结构可以直接由以上连词加v-ed或adj.代替。,1)When first_ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introduced
22、C.introduce D.being introduced,2)_,the vitamin C in them will be destroyed.If vegetables are cooked too long If cooked too long If cooking too long If being cooked too long,3)This is an illness that may result in total blindness if left_.A.being untreated B.untreated C.not treating D.not having trea
23、ted,4)Ask him go take you home _ possible.A.at B.while C.if D.if they,13.condemn vt.谴责(1)condemn sb./sth.谴责某人/某事大部分人谴责任何形式的暴力行为。_.(2)be condemned to death/be sentenced to death被判死刑 那个罪犯被判处死刑。_(3)condemn sb.to do sth.判处某人服刑他的病使他被迫一直呆在床上。_,Most people condemn any sort of violence.,The criminal was con
24、demned to death.,His illness condemned him to be in bed all the time.,14.But,sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly,that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.可是,先生(自豪地),一旦那个女孩被教会说正确的英语,她就能够在三个月后由一位大使举办的舞会上冒充一位女公爵。,这是一个复合句,从句为once she is educat
25、ed to speak properly 的省略形式。pass off as 冒充 She passed herself off as an American.她冒充是美国人。,He passed his secretary off as wife.他把秘书冒充他的妻子。pass off 停止;顺利地举行;躲开 pass by 走过;不理会 pass on 传递 pass through 通过,穿过,她冒充自己是位有经验的演员。_.,She passed herself as an experienced actress.,pass off 逐渐消失；不加理会；（进展）顺利pass away
26、去世pass down/on 把传给后世pass out 昏过去；失去知觉 pass on to 把传递给 pass through 通过；穿过,15.acquaintance n.相识;了解,I have some acquaintance with the language.,我懂得这门语言._,I made his acquaintance long ago.,我很久以前已经认识他了._,使某人了解,make ones acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.,结识某人,be familiar with/be acquainted with,对熟
27、悉,acquaint sb.with,16.a handful of 一把，少数的（人）我给了那个男孩一把糖。_我们邀请了12人，但只有几个人来。_,I gave the boy a handful of sweets.,We invited 12,but only a handful of them came.,a basketful a bagful of a mouthful ofa pocketful of,一篮子,一书包,一口,一袋,17.in amazement 惊讶地当她撕烂那张合同然后仍掉的时候,我们都惊讶地望着她。_as she tore up the contract an
28、d threw it.,We watched in amazement,使我惊奇的是，我得了一等奖。_,to ones amazement 使某人惊奇的是,To my amazement I got the first prize.,1.The sad news amazed him very much.He was _ the news.2.Amazingly,she killed her husband._ that she killed her husband.3._,she killed her husband.,much amazed at,It is amazing,To our/
29、their amazement,18.A fortune!fortune:n.机会；运气；大笔的钱These two brothers decided to go to America to try their fortunes.这兄弟俩决定去美国碰碰运气。He dreamed of making a fortune.他梦想发大财。,19.Generally speaking,people are more polite to those who they think are of higher social class.总的来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些。(1)本句中
30、的of 表示”从属”关系。例如：物以类聚，人以群分。Birds of a feather flock together.,(2)be of+形容词+抽象名词=be+副词+与该抽象名词同根的形容词。例如：我所说的非常重要。What I said is of great importance.=What I said is very important.可用于以上结构的抽象名词及相对应的形容词有：ability-able,help-helpful,importance-important,interest-interesting,significance-significant,use-usefu
31、l,value-valuable,20.superior,superior 作为形容词有两大用法：1)作为普通形容词，意为“傲慢的”。例如：我讨厌他那傲慢的态度。_,I hate his superior manner.,2)作为暗含比较级的形容词，意为”较高级”、“较好的”、“较为优秀的”。由于superior本身隐含着比较意义，因此不能在前面再加more。在与另一事物进行比较时，与之搭配的介词要用to,不能than。例如：,约翰逊的数学比王先生好。Johnson _Mr.Wang in mathematics.与superior用法相同的词还有inferior,senior,junior,
32、prior等。比优越，不屈服于be superior to 低于be inferior to 比年长be senior to 比年轻be junior to例如：青铜不如金子。_他比我小很多岁。_by many years.我母亲在结婚前曾经是电工。_,my mother was an electrician.,is superior to,Brass is inferior to gold.,He is junior to me,Prior to her marriage,21.in terms of 有两个意思:一个意为“根据”、“依照”；另一个意为“以的措辞”。例如：让每一个孩子根据自己
33、的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。Let each child read_他对你的工作大加赞赏。He referred to your work_,in terms of his own tastes and choices.,in terms of high praise.,Language points for reading II,1.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickeringare sitting deep in conversation.亨利希金斯和皮克林上校下坐着专心地谈话。deep in意为“专心于”,“全神贯注于”，“深陷于”等,后接名词。,汉译英(1)埋头工
34、作(2)沉思着 deep in work deep in thought(3)债台高筑(4)专心读书 deep in debt deep in ones book(s),2.I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds;but your one hundred and thirty beat me.我很欣赏自己，因为我能发24个明显的元音，但你能发130个音却击败了我。,pronounce:v.发的音,宣告,断言I dont know how to pronounce this
35、 word.我不知道这个单词怎么发音。The court pronounced against my claim tothe land.法庭宣判不承认我对这片土地的权益。,fancy,1)vt.想像，设想 We cannot fancy a life without electricity.我们不能设想生活中没有电。She fancied she saw someone,but there was no one there.他觉的好像听见有人在跟踪。,2)vt.爱好，喜欢 What do you fancy for supper?晚饭你喜欢吃什么？3)vt.感叹语气，表示惊奇 Fancy se
36、eing you!I am surprised!想不到会见到你！真是出乎意料！,4)n.想像，设想，爱好 Thats only your fancy.那只是你的想像而已。I have a fancy for fishing.我只有钓鱼的爱好。,3.Show her in,Mrs Pearce.show in 带或领进来 Show her in,Mrs Pearce.皮斯太太,领她进来。He showed me into a bedroom.他把我领进一间卧室。He showed me out.他把我领了出去。,show sb.in 领某人进来,其反义词为:show sb.out领某人出去。sh
37、ow构成的短语有:show sb.around 领某人参观某地;show off 炫耀;show up出现,来到某处;揭露;显得好看,1.He led me around the school and visited it for three hours.He _ me _ the school for three hours.2.She praised proudly her necklace in public.She _ her necklace before the public.,showed,around,showed off,4.This is a bit of luck.这有点
38、幸运。a bit;slightly;but not very;a little 有点儿，稍微 Could you turn down the radio a bit please?你把收音机音量稍微调低点好吗？Its a bit cold today.今天有点冷。,5.Shes the one we saw the other day.the other day 前几天 She is the one we saw the other day.她是我前几天看到的那个。I had rather an odd experience the other day.前几天我有一次奇怪的经历。,the ot
39、her day“前几天”,表示过去的时间,故句中时态用一般过去时。对比其他时间的表达法:one day“一天”。用于过去时或将来时;some day“某一天”,只用于将来时;just now“刚才;就在现在”,用于过去时(刚才),用于现在进行时(就在现在);in time按时;迟早”,用于过去时(按时),用于将来时(迟早),6.Take her away!take away 带走,取走She is no use at all.Take her away.她没什么用处。把她带走。The child was taken away from school.那孩子辍学了。The bad news to
40、ok away all her pleasure.这条坏消息将她的快乐一扫而光。,take away除了具有“带走、取走”的意义外,还有“使停学、使消失、减去”等意义。由take构成的短语有:take after长得像;take apart拆开;take as 看作;take for错认为;take in吸收,欺骗;take up拿起,从事take off起飞,脱(衣服),成功;take over接管(权利);,7.But shell need to be cleaned first.她得先把自己洗干净了。need to be done表示“某事需要被做”,可与need doing互换,主语可
41、以是人,也可以是物。在need doing 中,need作及物动词,后面跟动词-ing,表达被动含义,类似用法的动词还有want,require 等。,同义转换(1)These desks need repairing.These desks need _.(2)Your dirty shoes need to be washed.Your dirty shoes need _.,to be repaired,washing,8.Id never have come if Id known about this disgusting thing you want me to do我要是早知道你
42、们想对我做这种可恶的事,我决不会来。此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”形式，主句中的谓语动词用 would/could/should/might+have+过去分词形式。,单项填空 We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we _ him.A.would have telephoned B.must have telephoned C.would telephone D.had telephoned,A,disgusting:a.令人厌恶的；令人反感的His deceit is disgusting;h
43、e took everybody in!他的欺诈手段令人憎恶，弄得人人上当！Thats disgusting.真讨厌。,9.She is in need of both.in need of 需要 Itll be how to teach her grammar,not just pronunciation.Shes in need of both.是怎样教她语法,而不仅仅是发音。她两者都需要。,in need of 需要,为介词短语,后跟名词或代词。其同义词为in want of,in need穷困。英语中类似结构有:in charge of 负责;in search of 搜寻;in ho
44、pe of 希望;in honor of 纪念 in favor of 有利于;in spite of 尽管;in case of 以防万一;in place of 代替。,10.But you cant overlook that!overlook:v.俯看,远眺,忽视；不理会They overlooked the enormous risks involved.他们忽略了暗含的巨大危险。My room overlooked the garden.我的房间俯瞰花园。It was a slight overlook on my part.这是我的小疏忽。,11.fade out as they
45、 go off stage together.他们一块下舞台时消失。fade out(声音、画面)逐渐模糊、渐淡 When you turn on a transistor radio the sound comes on immediately;when you turn off,it fades out gradually.打开半导体收音机时,声音立刻响起；关闭时,声音慢慢消失。,fade out指声音的减弱;fade away主要指自然界、记忆力的渐渐消失;表声音的渐渐消失时,fade out,fade away,die away可通用,同义表达1.His voice became we
46、aker and weaker,and finally died away.His voice _.His voice _.,faded away,faded out,2.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The sound of the footsteps _.The sound of the footsteps _.,died away,faded out,Grammar,-Revise the Past Participle as Adverbial,-ed 分词作状语,-ed分词短语做状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种-e
47、d分词状语相当于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句，若-ed分词作状语，句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系，即是该分词动作的承受者。-ed分词（短语）作状语时，也可在其前面加上连词when,if,once,though,unless等，以便明确作何种状语。,Explanation-(12m),表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：,从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。_,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.,Seenfromthetopofthehill,入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。_,hedecid
48、edtodevotehislifetothecauseof theParty.,AcceptedbytheParty,表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：,激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。_,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.,Encouragedbythespeech,表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：,再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。_,Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.,和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。,_,youshouldmakegrea
49、tereffortstostudyEnglish.,水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。,_,watercanbeturnedintosteam.,Comparedwithyourbrother,Ifheated,表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：,尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。,_,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.,Exhaustedbytherunning,尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。_,Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.,表方式或伴随情况。如：,那
50、个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。,Theoldmanwentintotheroom,_.,supportedbyhiswife,我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。,_,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.,Seatedatthetable,()1._ more attention,the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given.()2.The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among the s
