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1、Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors,alternative n.something that you can choose to do or use instead of something else 替换物 有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。There are _.他别无选择，只好一个人去那儿。He _ but to go there alone.,some alternatives to our plan,had no alternative,2.You must be aware that its here that weve found evidence of so
2、me of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.想必你们知道,正是在这儿我们找到居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。,a.You must be aware that主句后接由强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测,译作“一 定,肯定”。只用于肯定推测。对现在或将来事实推测，用“must do”。You must be hungry after a long walk 走了很长的路,你一定很饿。对正发生或进行的事进行推测,用“must be doing”。,The light is on.He
3、 must be doing his homework now 灯亮着,他一定正在做作业。对过去的事进行推测,用“must have done”。The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨晚一定下雨了。,此时,应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句中有表示过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用“didnt+主语”;如果句中无表示过去的时间状语,反义疑问句用“havent/hasnt+主语”。He must have arrived here last night,didnt he?他一定昨晚就来这儿了,不是吗?He must have arri
4、ved here,hasnt he?他一定来这儿了,不是吗?,b.aware adj意识到的,知道的。通常用作表语。We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered 我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。,be aware of sth.知道；意识到 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking,they wont given up.c.its here that weve 是强调句,其基本句式是It is(was)+被强调部分+that(w
5、ho)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。,It was your mother whom I met in the street 我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。It was in the street that I met your mother.我是在街上碰到你母亲的。It was she who had been wrong.错的是她。,It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters.A.that B.what C.which D.this 本题强调主语,此时应用that来引导。,d.“Who lived in t
6、his part of the world”是定语从句修饰先行词 people。people在定语从句作主语,故用关系代词who来引导定语从句。,3.interrupt vt.&vi.to stop someone saying or doing something by suddenly speaking to them,making a noise 打断；中断 别打扰他，他还没完成呢。_,for he hasnt finished yet.他的学习由于战争而中断。His studies _.,Dont interrupt him,were interrupted by the war,in
7、terrupt v.打扰，打断，阻碍。常有“使停止(中断)”的意思。His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.disturb v.打扰,妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.,区别:interrupt 和disturb,4.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类
8、的骨头以及工具和其他物品。as well as 1)conj.as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分,如名词,形容词,动词,介词,通常不位于句首。意为“不但.而且”。,2)prep.相当于besides,in addition to，意为“除.之外”,后面通常接名词或动词。As well as eating five course meals,they drank two bottles of wine.,She sings as well as playing the piano.Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.
9、,5.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。,assume vt.(1)假定；设想 科学家们设想月球上没有动物。_ that there are no animals on the moon.(2)装作 她装出一副吃惊的样子。She _.(3)担任，承担 我来承担责任。I _.,The scientists assume,assumed a look of surprise,assumed the respons
10、ibility,regardless of 不顾，不管 不管有多危险，他还是爬上了大厦。He climbed the building,_ _.不管什么样的肤色，每个人都有权利居住在他向居住的地方。_,every man has the right to live where he wants to.regardless adj.不注意的，不重视的 他不注意自己的外表。He _.,regardless of the danger,Regardless of the color of his skin,is regardless of his appearance,6.That would ha
11、ve kept them warm,cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.他们用这火取暖、做饭，还能用火吓跑野兽。would 表示猜测，译为“想必”、“肯定会”如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下,他们早就丧命了。_ if the car had gone over the cliff.,They would have been killed,7.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick,which suggests that they might have k
12、ept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。have been excavating 现在完成进行时，意思是一直在挖，表示过去发生的动作一直不间断地进行到现在。suggest vt.表明 His face _ he _ happy now.,suggests,is,might have done 表示对过去事情的猜测,A:Where was your sister?I didnt see her at the party.你姐姐上哪去了?聚会时我没见到她。B:She might have goine
13、swimming with some friends.她可能和朋友游泳去了。,Yes,and so well preserved.是的，还保存得如此完好。这是省略的句子，完整句应该是：Yes,and it is so well preserved.（it 指necklace）,8.cut up 切碎 工人将木头劈碎。_.早期人类用石器切割动物。Early man _ animals.,The worker cut up the wood,used stone tools to cut up,9.After that they would rub an ample amount of salt
14、onto the skin to make it soft.然后，他们可能在兽皮上边擦大量的盐，使皮松软。,ample(=more than enough)充足的，充裕的；enough 足够的，充分的。两者程度有所不同。如：We have ample money for the journey.我们有足够的旅费。（意为很多，根本不用愁）We have enough money for the journey.我们有足够的旅费。(意为够用),Language points for Reading II,If only it could be just like last year.要是能像去年那
15、样就好了！if only 要是，只要是，往往引起虚拟语气，用感叹句。用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟，用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。我要是能飞就好了！_ look ahead 向前看，做未来的打算 你是否想过五年后你要做些什么？_to what youll be doing in five years time?,If only I could fly!,Have you looked ahead,2.be prepared to do sth.for sth.为做好准备 她已准备好应付这一切。She _ anything to happen.我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大辱。_ and liste
16、n to these outrageous insults.,was prepared for,I am not prepared to stay,3.Having heard wolves howling in the forest,Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.沿着回洞穴的路走着，听到森林里狼的吼叫声，拉拉加快了步伐，她担心会有野兽隐藏埋伏着，正等着她。lie in wait(for sb)隐蔽静
17、候以出人不意。如：The police spent a few days lying in wait for the suspected man.警察为了捕获嫌疑人隐蔽埋伏了好几天。,accelerate vi./vt.加速，促进 她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。She _ and passed the bus in front.,accelerated her car,4.arrest vt.逮捕；吸引；扣留；阻止，抑制 n.逮捕；拘留；停止 他被警察逮捕了。_.她警告的口吻引起了我的注意。Her warning tone _.警方在足球赛时逮捕了一些人。The policeman _ du
18、ring the football match.,He was arrested by the police,arrested my attention,made several arrests,5.Lalas spirits rose.拉拉情绪高起来了。spirits 心情；心境。多用作复数。如：He was in low spirits after he lost his job.他失业以后心情恨郁闷。此后句中spirits作主语与动词rise连用，表示“变得更高兴”。同样可与之连用的动词还有sink和lift。如：My spirtis sank when I heard the news
19、 that an earthquake had happened in my hometown.听到故乡发生地震的消息，我的心情变得很沉重。,Grammar,现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否延续下去，则由上下文而定。现在完成进行时多用持续性动词如live,learn,lie,stay,wait,stand,rest,study等，常和all the time,this week,this month,all night,all the morning,recently等状语以及since和for引导的时间状语或从句连用。如What
20、 have you been doing recently?I have been fixing the fridge all this morning.Have you been waiting long for me?,一、现在完成进行时表示重复动作。有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是在一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。I have been knocking.I dont think anybodys in.我一直在敲门，我想没人在里面。Youve been saying you can succeed for five years.5年来你一直在说你能成功。,二、现在完成进行时表
21、示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续。此时一般通过上下文的语境进行判断。My hands are dirty.Ive been painting the door.我的手很脏，我一直在漆门。What have you been eating to get as fat as this?你都吃什么啦，怎么这么胖？,三、现在完成进行时带有感情色彩。现在完成进行时有时表示强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情。I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事了。Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个
22、多事的日子。,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成时表示结果，其动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响；而且现在完成时也可表示动作的持续。而现在完成时表示比较长久的动作和状态，而现在完成进行时表示较短暂的动作和状态，而且强调持续性或未暂停性。,He hasnt worked for years.他多年来一直没有工作。I havent been working very well recently.我最近工作不太顺利。They have built several bridges so far.到目前为止，他们已建了好几座桥。They have been building bridges so far.到目前为止，他们一直在建桥。,
