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1、国际货运代理专业英语（第一单元至第二十一单元）,讲课人：苏同江青岛远洋船员学院管理系2009年5月,2009年国际货代英语考试题型,1.单项选择题（15题，15分）2.判断题（15题，15分）3.多项选择题（10题，20分）4.完型填空题（10题，10分）5.中英文互译（20分）专业术语翻译题(中译英和英译中)和短语翻译。6.英文单证题（20分）,Unit One 新内容 International Trade,(一）基本要求了解:Definition and Importance,Barriers to International Trade熟悉:Differences between In
2、ternational Trade and Domestic Trade,WTO 掌握:Risks in International Trade,Steps of International Trade（二）考试内容：1.Definition and Importance 2.Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade 3.Risks in International Trade 4.World Trade Organization5.Barriers to International Trade 6.Steps of
3、International Trade,2.Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade,International trade is typically more costly（成本高）than domestic trade.(reason:additional costs such as tariffs,time costs due to board delays and costs associated with country differences such as language,the legal syste
4、m,culture.)The factors of production（生产要素）are typically more mobile（流动）within a country than across countries.(International trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and service).International trade is also a branch of economics,which together with international finance,forms the large branch of
5、 international economics.,3.Risks in International Trade,Economic risks(1)insolvency（破产）of the buyer;(2)the failure of the buyer to pay the amount;(3)non-acceptance;(4)exchange rate,etc.Political risks(1)cancellation or non-renewal of export or import licenses;(2)war risks;(3)expropriation or confis
6、cation of the importers company;(4)risk of the imposition of an import ban（禁止进口）after the shipment of the goods;(5)transfer riskimposition of exchange controls（外汇管制）by the importers country or foreign currency shortages;(6)influence of political parties in importers company.,4.World Trade Organizati
7、on,WTO definition（世贸组织）It is best described as an umbrella organization（伞式组织）under which the agreements that came out of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations（乌拉圭多边贸易谈判）are gathered.WTO functions to implement,administer,and carry out WTO Agreement and it annexes;to act as a forum for
8、ongoing multilateral trade negotiations;to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes;to review（评价、回顾）the trade policies and practices of member states.,6.Steps（步骤）of International Trade Starting with market researchSeeking customersContact each other by sending inquiriesStatus inquiry（询价状况）Quotatio
9、ns or offers;acceptance or non acceptanceOrder;contractObtaining import/export license;opening L/C，receiving L/CPreparation of goods by the sellerInspection or survey of goodsReserving shipping space（订舱）Effecting insuranceCustoms clearanceShipping adviceNegotiation of export documents under L/C by t
10、he beneficiaryRedemption of documents（赎单）under L/CCustoms clearance for importDelivery of goodsLodging and settling claims（索理赔）(if any),Unit Two Scope of Freight Forwarding Service,（一）基本要求了解：The freight forwarders original duty熟悉：Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor 掌握：Scope o
11、f the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee（二）考试内容1.The freight forwarders original duty2.Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor3.Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee,2.The forwarders services on behalf of consignor(exporter),Choose the route,mode
12、 of transport and a suitable carrier.Book space with the selected carrier.Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt,（FCR收货凭证）the Forwarders Certificate of Transport,（FCT运输凭证）etc.Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Governmen
13、t regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,the country of import,as well as any transit country;he would also prepare all the necessary documents.,2.The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter）,Pack the goods,taking into account the route,the mode of trans
14、port,the nature of the goods and applicable regulations,if any,in the country of export,transit counties and country of destination.Arrange warehousing of the goods,if necessary.Weight and measure the goods.Draw the consignors attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of good
15、s,if required by the consignor.Transport the goods to the port,arrange for customs clearance,related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.,2.The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter）,Attend to foreign exchange transactions,if any.Pay fees and other charges in
16、cluding freight.Obtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor.Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary.Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contracts with the carrier and the forwarders agents abroad.Note damages to or l
17、osses of the goods,if any.Assist the consignor in pursuing claims（索赔）,if any,against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.,3.The forwarders services on behalf of consignee（importer）,Monitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee control the freight(goo
18、ds).Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods.Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and,if necessary,pay the freight costs.Arrange customs clearance and pay duties,fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.,3.The forwarders services
19、 on behalf of consignee（importer）,Arrange transit warehousing,if necessary.Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.Assist the consignee in pursuing claims,if any,against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.Assist the consignee,if necessary,in warehousing and distribution.,Unit
20、 Three Incoterms 2000,（一）基本要求了解：Purpose of Incoterms and Its Amendments 熟悉：FCA,CPT and CIP掌握：FOB,CFR and CIF（二）考试内容1.Purpose of Incoterms and Its Amendments 2.FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP,1.FOB(Free on Board),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail at
21、 the named port of shipment.This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point.The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,2.CFR(Cost and Freight),含义、风险点、清关、费用
22、、订立运输、适用运输方式CFR means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to even
23、ts occurring after the time of delivery,are transferred from the seller to the buyer.The CFR term required the seller to clear the goods for export.This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,3.CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式、保险CIF means that the seller
24、delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.The risk of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery,ar
25、e transferred from the seller to the buyer.The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.The CIF term required the seller to clear the goods for exportThis term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,4.FCA(Free Carrier 货交承运人),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、交货点FCA means th
26、at the seller delivers the goods,cleared for export,to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.It should be noted that the chosen place of delivery occurs at the sellers premises,the seller is responsible for loading.If delivery occurs at any other place,the seller is not responsible f
27、or unloading.This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport,including multimodal transport.If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods,the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.,5.CPT(c
28、arriage paid to运费付至),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式CPT means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.This means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurri
29、ng after the goods have been so delivered.This term required the seller to clear the goods for export.This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport,including multimodal transport.,6.CIP(carriage and insurance paid to),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、保险CIP means that the seller delivers the good
30、s to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.This means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.The seller contracts for insurance and pays
31、the insurance premium.This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport,including multimodal transport.,Unit Four UCP 600（新内容）,（一）基本要求了解：The Structure of the UCP 600熟悉：Reasons for a Revision掌握：Major Changes of UCP 600（二）考试内容：1.Reasons for a Revision2.The Structure of the UCP 6003.Major Cha
32、nges of UCP 600,1.Reasons for a Revision,To address（着重于）developments in the banking,transport and insurance industries.To improve the drafting of the UCP in order to facilitate consistent application and interpretation of the Rules.To enhance the reputation（名誉）of L/C as settlement means of choice am
33、ong international traders.To reduce documentary rejections.Overall effect is one of clarification and consolidation（澄清与合并）.,3.Major Changes of UCP 600,UCP does not apply unless it is expressly mentioned in the text of the L/C.The banks now have a maximum of five banking days following the day of pre
34、sentation,and no longer the reasonable time not exceeding 7 banking days.Data in a document,when read in context with the credit,the document itself and international standard banking practice,need not be identical to,but must not conflict with data in the document,any other stipulated document or t
35、he L/C.（单据中内容的描述不必与信用证、信用证对该项单据的描述以及国际标准银行实务完全一致，但不得与该项单据中的内容、其它规定的单据或信用证相冲突）。Under the new UCP,the commercial invoice must be made out in the same currency as the L/C.Bs/L may now allow transshipment,provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same B/L.,Unit Five Terms of Shipment i
36、n the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,（一）基本要求了解：Terms of Shipment熟悉：Ways of Stipulating Time of Shipment 掌握：Interpretation of terms and points of the time of shipment in the contract:（二）考试内容1.Time of shipment 2.Interpretation of terms3.Points to note when the traders discuss the time o
37、f shipment in the contract,1.Ways of Stipulating Time of Shipment,Shipment on or about June 20,2008Shipment not later than July 31st,2008Shipment to be made during June/July,2008Shipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance(汇款)Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C,2.Interpretation of te
38、rms,If the expression“on or about”or similar expressions are used,banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date,both end days included.The words“to,until,till,from,between”and words of similar expr
39、essions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.,2.Interpretation of terms,The word“before and after”will be understood to exclude the date mentioned.The terms“first half,second half”of a month shall be construed respectivel
40、y as the 1st to the 15th,and the 16th to the last day of such month,all dates inclusive.The terms“beginning,middle,or end”of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th,the 11th to the 20th,and the 21st to the last day of such month,all dates inclusive.,3.Points to note,(1)The exp
41、orter should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipment date and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready.(2)The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way.Expressions such as“prompt”,“immediately”,“as soon as possible”and the like should not b
42、e used.(3)Sometimes,the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date which means these two dates are the same.,3.Points to note,(4)If the expiry date of the credit（信用证有效期）and/or the last day of the period of time for presentation of documents（交单期）stipulated by the credit falls on a d
43、ay on which the bank to which presentation has to be made is closed,the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents,as the case may be,shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open.,3.Point to not
44、e,(5)The latest date for shipment（最迟装运期）shall not be extended by reason of the extension of the expiry date and/or the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents.If no such latest date for shipment is stipulated in the credit or amendments,banks will not accept transport
45、 documents indicating a date of shipment later than the expiry date stipulated in the credit or amendments.,Unit Six Documentary Credit（新内容）,（一）基本要求了解：Basic Contents of an L/C and Basic Procedure of a Documentary Letter of Credit熟悉：Definition,Characteristics of Settlement by L/C掌握：Parties to an L/C,
46、Types of Letters of Credit（二）考试内容：1.Definition 2.Parties to an L/C 3.Basic Contents of an L/C 4.Basic Procedure of a Documentary Letter of Credit 5.Characteristics of Settlement by L/C6.Types of Letters of Credit,1.Definition,A letter of credit is the written promise of a bank（银行书面保证文件）to act at the
47、 request and on the instructions of the applicant and to undertake payment to the beneficiary（承诺付款给受益人）in the amount specified in the credit,provided that the beneficiary complies with the terms and conditions of the credit.,2.Parties to an L/C,Applicant:the party which applies to the bank for openi
48、ng L/C(buyer or importer)Issuing bank:the bank that issues a L/C at the request of the applicantAdvising bank:the bank that advises the beneficiary of an L/CBeneficiary:the party in whose favor an L/C is opened and which should comply with the terms and conditions of the credit in order to receive t
49、he proceeds(seller,exporter)Negotiating bank:the bank that negotiates the beneficiarys draft.It may be the advising bank or another bank authorized to negotiate the documents,5.Characteristics of Settlement by L/C,The issuing bank has the primary liabilities for payment;An L/C is a self-sufficient i
50、nstrument（自足文件）;It is simply a document transaction.The relevant parties deal with documents only,rather than with the goods or services（银行处理的是单据，而不是单据所涉及的货物、服务）。If the goods do not conform to the documents after the applicant pays the issuing bank,the applicant can only take this matter up with the
