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1、Hello,everyone!Lets begin our class!,今天，我们将学习it的多种用法，你们知道它的哪些用法呢？It”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的“重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在学习中应给予足够的重视。现将it用法归纳如下：,1.IT”用作实词,表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。eg.（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。The train has arrived.It arrived half an
2、hour ago.（2）用以代替提示代词this,that。Whats this?Its a knife.Whose watch is that?Its mine.,（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。Who is knocking at the door?Its me.4）指环境情况等。It was very noisy(quiet)at the very moment.（5）指时间、季节等。What time is it?Its eight oclock.It often rains in summer here.（6）指距离。It is a long way to the schoo
3、l.,It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。,2.It用作形式主语,当代英语中，通常用it 做形式主语，将不定式和动名词置于谓语后面，特别是主语较长时，或在一些习惯用法中。谓语是系表结构（be+形容词/名词）时，常将不定式后置，构成句型“it+be+表语（形容词/名词）+不定式”。例 1 It is my duty to care for that patient.照料那位病人是我的职责。（做主语的不定式to care for that patient 后置，it 为形式主语）例 2 It is not an easy thin
4、g to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。,例 3 It isnt right to speak ill of someone behind his back.在别人背后说坏话是不对的。当谓语是 take，make，pay，cost，require，feel，need 等动词时，或者是与情绪有关的动词 delight，amuse，excite，annoy，irritate 等时，习惯上常用 it 做形式主语，并将不定式后置。例 1 It takes only ten minutes to get there.到那儿只需十分钟。,例 2 It pa
5、ys to be honest.诚实是不会吃亏的。例 3 It feels good to stay away from the crowded city.能远离拥挤的城市，感觉真不错。例 4 It annoyed her to see someone spit on the ground.看见有人随地吐痰让她很生气。4）但表语是（of）no use，not any use，not the slightest use，no good，not much good，fun等时，常用动名词（不用不定式）做主语并后置，用 it 做形式主语。例如 Its no use crying over spilt
6、 milk.覆水难收。,用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It 作形式宾语的常见句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)to do/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep)、It is/was+被强调部分+that(who)强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。,3.It用作形式宾语,4.用在强调句中,在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：.1.请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 2.在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由
7、because所引导的从句。3.在强调not until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。4.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。应用强调结构，应注意以下几点：被强调代词的格应与原句保持一致，其谓语动词与原句保持一致。E.g.It is I who am going to Beijing next week.是我将于下周去北京。It is him who I want to see.我想见的正是他。,强调结构也有其否定、疑问或感叹形式。特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调，构成“特殊疑问词+be+it+that+剩余部分”结构。E.g.It is not only blind men
8、 who make such stupid mistakes.并非仅仅是盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。Was it during the Second World War that he died?他是在第二次世界大战期间死的吗？Where was it that you met Tom yesterday?昨天你是在哪儿碰到汤姆的？,What a wonderful time it was that we had at the party!我们在聚会上玩得是多么高兴啊！强调结构的反意疑问句，附加问句中的主语用it而不用句中主语。E.g.It was at eleven last night tha
9、t I knew the good news,wasnt it?是昨天晚上十一点我知道这个好消息的，不是吗？,It is where you come from that you should return to,isnt it?你是从哪里来的就应回哪里去，不是吗？对not until(till)结构中状语进行强调时，not需置于被强调的部分之中，构成“It is/was not untilthat”结构 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star.直到她
10、摘下墨镜，我才认出她是位著名影星。It was not until he finished all his homework that he went to bed last night.昨天晚上直到他完成作业才睡觉。本结构不能用来强调让步状语从句，原因状语从句中只有because引导的可被强调。E.g.It was because he was seriously ill that he didnt go to school yesterday.,是因为他病得厉害，昨天才没有上学。如何判定含有定语从句的强调结构呢？仔细分析that或who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可无（结合it b
11、e来分析），则为强调结构，否则就是定语从句。It was in the lab(that was set up by Mr.Smith)that they finished the experiment.正是在史密斯先生建立的实验室里他们完成了这项实验。（lab后的that不可省略，因为它作该句的主语，句中第二个that才是强调结构的标志。）,It was Li Hong(who came from Hunan)that won the first prize in the contest.是来自湖南的李红获得了竞赛的头奖。强调结构和主语从句句型（指It+be+adj./n.+that+剩余部
12、分）的区别：含有主语从句的句子在译成汉语时不可加上“正是”或“就是”之类的字眼，而强调结构可以；b.含有主语从句的句子若删掉It be that/who,则原句在结构上和意义上均不成立，而强调结构若去掉结构标志却仍然成立。E.g.It is true that he once went to Canada.,他曾经去过加拿大是真的。（不能去掉It is和that，否则原句不成立，故本句是含有主语从句的复合句。）It was on December 11,2001 that China became a member of the WTO.就是在2001年11月11日，中国加入了世贸组织。（若去掉It was和that，原句仍然成立，故本句是强调结构。）,六、It 常用的固定搭配,make it(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达。E.g.We can make it。我们能行。,
