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1、Unit,Security Council Reform:Mission Impossible?,8,Section B,The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security,developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progr
2、ess,better living standards and human rights,The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the globe.Although best known for peacekeeping,peacebuilding,conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance,there are many other ways the United Nations and its System(specialized agencies,funds and
3、programmes)affect our lives and make the world a better place,Due to its unique international character,and the powers vested in its founding Charter,the Organization can take action on a wide range of issues and provide a forum for its 192 Member States to express their views,through the General As
4、sembly,the Security Council,the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees.,Important words from glossary about 8B,dent v.使.凹下 envoy n.外交使节；特使 status quo n.现状 thuart v.反对；阻碍 veto n.否决权,adj.认真的、热心的、重要的1、earnest n.认真、定金、诚挚 in earnest 认真的，真挚的2、council n.委员会，会议，理事会 n.对手，竞争者3、rival vt.与.
5、竞争，比得上某人 vi.竞争 adj.竞争的 a rival plan 一个竞争的方案,New words,New words,4、frustrate vt.挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心 vi.失败，受挫 adj.挫败的，无益的过去式frustrated 过去分词frustrated 现在分词frustrated5、pledge n.保证，誓言，抵押 vt.保证，许诺，用抵押6、enlarge vi.扩大，放大，详述 vt.扩大，使增大，扩展enlargement 放大的照片7、spanner n.扳手，测量，用手掌量的人,8、flaw n.瑕疵，裂纹，缺点 vt.使无效，是破裂 vi.生裂缝，变得
6、有缺陷9、divergent adj.相异的，分歧的，散开的10、regional adj.地区的，局部的11、rivalry n.竞争，对手12、tragic adj.悲伤地（比较级 more tragic 最高级 most tragic）,Rival African Plan,Requirement,The United Nations Africa assigned two permanent seats will be absolute vetoThe number of nonpermanent new can be increased to six,The leading cand
7、idate,South Africa Nigeria Egypt,Thomas Steg,The two plan to match each other,because G-4 has insisted on the need to give effect Africa countries greaterHere on this problem in complete agreement,and I am sure we will be able to resolve details,in the near future,Opposition,The group of four faced
8、from the America strongRussia and Chinese will be more willing to expand,1.But a rival plan agreed on by African leaders at an African Union summit in Libya is likely to frustrate the G-4 bid(Para.2)译文：但是,在利比亚举行的非洲联盟峰会上,非洲领导人通过的一项竞争性草案却有可能令四国集团的提案受挫.Note：The original meaning of“bid”is offer of a pri
9、ce or statement of price for a piece of work.Here“bid”refers to the G-4 plan.2.The plan also includes a pledge by the new permanent members not to use veto rights in the council.(Para.3)译文：该方案还包括一个承诺，即新常任理事国在安理会中不得使用否决权。Note：take this ring as a plege of our friendship.(信物)The government has pledged
10、itself to send aid to the famine victims.(承诺),Language Points,3.However,the hopes of G-4 have been dented by the African Union.(Para.6)Note:dent:frustrate 4.Throwing another spnner in the works for the G-4 is the plan put forward by Italy,Span,Mexico and Pakistan.(Para.11)Note:throwing another spnne
11、r in the works从中捣乱，阻挠别人的计划。,5.Mexico is lobbying against Brazil.(Para.15)Note:lobby v.(try to)influence the members of a law-making body;get(bill)passed or rejected in this way.lobby a bill through the Senate 1)The anti-nuclear lobby is becoming stronger.向议员进行游说的反核群众声势渐强。2)Lobby n.I waited for her i
12、n the lobby of the theatre yesterday.昨天我在戏院的大厅里等她。,Questions&Answers,1.What is G-4?It refers to Group of Four countries,including Germany,Brazil,India and Japan.2.How many new seats does the G-4 want?Ten.3.Why has the African Union put forward a rival plan?It aims to give Africa a greater say in the
13、 UN Security Council.4.What is the plan put forward by Italy,Spain,Mexico and Pakistan?They want to expand the council,but only with non-permanent seats.5.Could German and Italy reach an agreement?No,Italy does not want Germany in a permanent chair.,Yet Another Pian,Throwing another spanner in the w
14、orks for the G-4 is the plan put for ward by Italy Spain Mexico and Pakistan.,Members of the UN Security Council relationship,German and Italy,and,German Foreign Minister Joscher Fischer and Italian counterpart Gianfranco Fini couldnt come to an agreement on divergent.,The regional rivalries of the
15、Security Council,against,Pakistan dosent want India to get a permanent seat.,and,Mexico lobby against Brazil.,against,Italy dosent want Germany in a permanent chair.,The status quo,The competing plans could mean the G-4 fails in its goal to expand the council.,It could be maintained and would be tar
16、gic.,The Indain Foreigne Minister Natwar Singh admitted the status quo.,Exercises,G-4 planned to call for a debate.2.African leaders will ask for two permanent and six non-permanent seats.3.The two plans match each other.4.The group faces strong opposition.,African leaders African Union summit2.six two one 3.not to use veto rights in the council 4.dented a rival plan give Africa a greater say in the UN Security Council5.South Africa Nigeria Egypt6.Pakistan Brazil Italy,e to6.Play7.In8.Status9.advocate,
