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1、大学英语四六级听力专题,一、听力应试技巧二、短对话三、长对话四、短文五、复合式听写六、听力考前四周备考七、听力考试注意事项,听力应试技巧,这些临场应试技巧概括起来有以下六种1.勿焦勿躁稳定情绪2.仔细审题先入为主。3.专心倾听笔录关键词4.适时放弃“丢卒保车”在听录音材料时,应试者不要不切实际地希望自己能够顺利听懂所有的内容,期望得满分。碰到一些生词或者某些单词的发音模糊不清等情况,应放弃暂时听不懂的单词继续耐心听其他的内容,力求理解中心大意,抓住主要论点或情节,将自己的注意力放在这些关键内容所在地。5.利用常识合理推测6.冷静分析“点”“面”结合”面”是指所听材料的大意,“点”是指其详细情况
2、或细节。应试者在听录音时,首先要从整体上把握播放内容的大意。每个段落的开头和结尾都应引起考生注意,因为作者会在这些地方给出本段落的主题句。,短对话,这部分包括8 个短对话，通常是一男一女各读一句,然后提出一个问题;可归纳为以下七种类型:一、数字型(numbers):主要包括询问时间、日期、价格、电话号码、街道号码、房间号码以及人与物的数量等。1）询问时间有以下几种问法:1.What time is it now?2.Whats the time by your watch?3.What does your watch say?4.What time do you have?5.Can you
3、please tell me the time?问活动发生的时间或具体几点。该类的题一般不会直接告诉我们时间，会涉及到时间的一些简单的加减运算。要注意一些关键词，如：a quarter(to/past),half(past),daily,weekly,fortnight等。W:Bob,are you going straight home after school today?M:No.I have a class until one oclock,and after that Im going to spend a couple of hours at the library before
4、going home.Q:When is Bob going home this afternoon?A.Around 5:00.B.Around 3:00.C.At 2:00.D.At 1:00.本题的关键是until one oclock，和to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home。,2）询问价格有以下几种问法:1.How much does the shirt cost?2.How much is the shirt?3.What is the regular price?4.Whats the rate?该类
5、的题也涉及到一些简单的加减乘除运算。要注意一些关键词，如：10%off,discount,double,half the price,couple,pair,dozen,a real bargain,on sale，change等。尤其要注意单件商品的价格，买多件商品是否优惠，找零，以及最后的问题是说话人要付的钱、单件商品的价格、还是买若干商品需要付的钱。如：W:Heres a ten-dollar bill.Give me two tickets for tonights show,please.M:Sure.Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cent
6、s change.Q:How much does one ticket cost?A.$8.60.B.$4.30C.$6.40.D.$1.40本题的关键是ten-dollar bill,two tickets,a dollar forty cents change.,二、职业型(occupations or professions):询问人的职业通常有以下几种类型:1.Who is the man/woman?2.What is the man/woman?3.What is the mans occupation/profession?4.What does the man do for l
7、iving?人的职业有很多种,但考试中常出现:teacher/professor、student、librarian、doctor/dentist/nurse、patient、salesman/shop assistant、waiter、customer、driver、secretary、manager、writer、reporter 等,做这类题关键在于找出能体现其职业的信息词,如教师这个职业往往同课程、考试、作业分不开的,图书管理员往往与借书、还书的内容有关,医生则主要是讨论病情、开药方等。1）问人物的职业身份：Who is the man/the woman?如：M:According
8、to your ad in this mornings paper,you have an apartment for rent.W:Yes,I have.Its on the second floor.Would you like to have a look?Come this way,please.Q:Who is the woman?A.A bank clerk.B.A secretary.C.A landlady.D.A doctor.该题的关键词是an apartment for rent和ad.,三、关系型(Relationships):询问对话人之间关系的问句方式常有:1.Wh
9、ats the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?2.Whats their relationship?3.What is the womans relationship to the man?考试中出现的对话人之间关系常有:Teacher-Student,Librarian-Student,Doctor/Dentist-Patient,Shop assistant-Customer,Waiter-Customer,Boss-Secretary,Lawyer-Client,Driver-Passenger,Husb
10、and-Wife,Parent s-children,Friends.如：M:Good evening,Madam.There is a table for two over there.This way,please.W:Thank you.Could I see the menu,please?Q:Whats the relationship between the man and woman?A.Husband and wife.B.Waiter and customer.C.Salesman and customer.D.Host and guest.该题的关键词是menu和Madam
11、.,四、方式型(Traffic):主要是问及乘坐什么样的交通工具。问句方式多以how 引导,如:How did the man go/t ravel?迄今为止,人们所接触到的交通工具有:plane、train、bus、car、taxi、ship、boat、bicycle 甚至可以on foot。该类的对话一般涉及交通工具晚点或交通出现了某些问题。对于交通工具晚点的问题，有时会谈论正点时间和推延的时间，然后再说原因。这类题的关键词是：be caught in a traffic jam,the rush hour,flat tire,break down,traffic accident,beh
12、ind schedule,due等。如：W:Im sorry,sir.The train is somewhat behind schedule.Take a seat,and Ill tell you as soon as we know something definite.M:Thank you.Ill just sit here and read a magazine in the meantime.Q:What can we conclude about the train from the conversation?A.The train is crowded.B.The trai
13、n is late.C.The train is empty.D.The train is on time.本题的关键是behind schedule.,五、地点型(Places):询问地点的方式大致有:1.Where does the conversation probably take place?2.Where are the man and the woman?3.Where is the man/woman?不同的场景下人们交谈用语也不同，例如：校园：campus,dorm,library(renew the books,overdue,pay a fine,bookshelf),l
14、ab,canteen,roommate,professor,semester,term,pass,fail,exam,course,credit,resume，tutor,graduate,presentation,speech,report,lecture,paper,scholarship等。银行：open an account,cash the check,buy travelers check,ATM,draw/deposit money,balance,savings等。餐馆：menu,a table for two,a table in the corner/by the wind
15、ow,full,on diet,treat,order,course,salad,wine,dessert，waiter,reserve,take order等。机场：board,flight,gate number,check in,boarding pass,seat-belt等。交通：due to arrive,fast train,non-stop train,xx minutes late,postpone,delay,break down,traffic jam,flat tire,speeding,pay a fine等。,医院：Do you have an appointmen
16、t?Whats the matter with you?take ones temperature,have a fever,have a sore throat,keep coughing,toothache,headache,physician,surgeon,doctor,nurse,operation-room,emergency room,ward,visiting hours,prescribe,pill,capsule等。邮局：business hours,parcel,postage,letter,stamp等。家庭：darling,sweet heart之类的比较亲近的称谓语
17、，watch TV,fix the washing machine,grocery,mow the lawn,sofa,kitchen,dining-room,have a bath等。旅馆：check in/out,make a reservation,register,reception desk等。如：M:How many hours are you taking this semester?W:Eighteen,plus two hours of lab.Q:Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a rest
18、aurant.B.In a bank.C.At an office.D.In a university.该题的关键词是semester和lab.,六、直接型(Direct meaning):直接型提出的问题往往是五花八门,包罗万象,但一般没有什么拐弯抹角的地方,只要能听懂基本内容,就能很容易做出回答。直接型提出的比较常见的问题如:1.What does the woman want to do?2.What does the woman advise the man to do?3.What does the woman want?4.What do you think happen?,七、非
19、直接型(Indirect meaning):如对话中使用虚拟语气,这样字面意思与要表达的意思正好相反,有的对话内容没有得出结论,需要考生自己判断。1)释义、替换或上下义。该类对话的选项中会用单词替换或解释对话人表达的意思，同时考查听力和词汇。如：W:Have you finished reading my research report?I put it on your desk last week.M:Yes,but you have to revise some parts of it,if you want to get it published.Q:What does the man
20、suggest that the woman should do?A.Put her report on his desk.B.Read some papers he recommended.C.Mail her report to the publisher.D.Improve some parts of her paper.本题的关键是理解revise的同义词是improve.,2）人物的计划或打算。表示建议的常见句型：If I were you,Ill.We should.Why dont you.?How about.?Lets.Maybe youd better.Perhaps we
21、 can.Maybe you should.Shall we?Why not?It would be better if 这类问题中第一个说话人往往会提出一种观点或提议或建议，要仔细听第二个说话人是同意还是反对。,（1）第二个说话人同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议.如：W：You need a rest.Youve finished your exams.So why dont you go away somewhere for a long weekend?M:Thats a good idea.Perhaps Monica will come with me.Q:What will the
22、man probably do?A.To have a good rest.B.To see Monica.C.To go abroad for the weekend.D.To take an exam.本题的关键是Thats a good idea，说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。（2）第二个说话人不同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议，大多数情况下是礼貌委婉地表达自己的不同意见，所以要特别注意：如：M:Mary,would you like to go to the movies with me after dinner?W:Well,Ill go if you really want
23、 me to,but Im rather tired.Q：What can we learn from the conversation?A.The woman does not want to go to the movies.B.The man is too tired to go to the movies.C.The woman wants to go to the movies.D.The man wants to go out for dinner.本题的关键是but,此外，表示请求的句型有 Would you/Could you tell me.?I wonder if you.
24、Ill be very appreciated if you.Would you mind?否定题型在这类题型中，最重要的线索是抓住否定性的关键词。值得注意的是这类题一般都不是以明显的否定方式出现的，所以需考生多加注意。包含否定性的关键词有：否定副词和形容词：hardly,rarely,little,seldom,few,never等 否定代词和连词：nothing,nobody,neither,nor,none等 否定前缀或否定后缀：im-,un-,dis-,non-,-less等 表否定意义的其他词：fail,miss,avoid,deny,refuse,doubt,far from,an
25、ything but,instead of,rather than等。,另外，要注意否定形式、肯定意义的结构，如：I couldnt agree with you any more.这句话相当于I agree with you completely.M:Can I use your new car,Auntie?W:Yes,of course,if you drive it carefully.Q:Whats the aunts answer?A.She agrees to lend him the car.B.She offers him the car.C.She refused to l
26、end him the car.D.She is pleased to lend him the car.本题的关键是Yes,of course,虽然后面又附加了条件if you drive it carefully.,根据人物的感觉状态来推测人物的观点或态度。除了根据说话人的语气判断之外，对话中出现的关键词可能有：excited,disappointed,overjoyed,relieved,upset,unhappy,blue,depressed,relaxed,anxious,tense,worried，angry等。W:Werent you nervous when the profe
27、ssor called on you in class?M:Id say I was shaking all over.Q:How did the man feel when he was called on?A.Worried and frightened.B.Very relaxedC.Quite unhappy.D.Angry with the professor.本题的关键是I was shaking all over.,人物对某件事物的观点或态度，或考生从对话中能获得什么信息或结论。该类题难度较大，类型也比较繁多复杂。需要考生全面理解对话内容。What does the man me
28、an(imply)?What does the womans answer suggest?What can we learn from the conversation?What can be concluded from this conversation?如：W:You seem to have a lot of work to do at your office.Youre always staying late and working overtime.M:Thats true.But its no bother to me.The work is interesting.I don
29、t mind working extra hours at all.Q:How does the man feel about his job?A:He enjoys it very much.B:He doesnt care much about it.C:He doesnt mind even though its tedious.D.He hates working overtime.本题的关键是The work is interesting.,询问对方的观点和态度问题中有一大类是含有虚拟语气的。该类型一直是英语四级热门考点。这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能，根据虚拟语气判断正确选项
30、。如：W:Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit.Do you think its worth seeing?M:Well,I wish I had been there.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.I wish
31、 I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。含but的题型该题型中第二人的答话由两部分组成,先是一个简单的短句,后是一个较长的句子,短句和长句之间用but连接.but后的长句是答案的关键.,表示同意与肯定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法)1同意或肯定对方陈述的观点如：Tony is very hard-working.表示同意的常用语就有：(1)With no doubt.(2)There is no denying.(3)*I cant agree more.2.对询问观点的句子的肯定回答如：How was the concert?表示肯定的常用语就有：(
32、1)Not bad.(2)It was terrific!(3)It was amazing!(4)It was fantastic!(5)*Ive never been to a better one.3同意帮助对方如：Can you help me with the math problem?(1)No problem.(2)You can count on me.(3)Its a piece of cake.(4)Sure.,4.同意对方的提议如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend?（1）*Why not?（2）*I really can
33、t wait.（3）Thats what I have in mind.表示怀疑与否定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法)1怀疑与否定对方陈述的观点如：Tony is very hard-working.表示否定的常用语就有：(1)Are you kidding?(2)I know you dont mean it.(3)He is by no means hard-working.(4)He is anything but hard-working.(5)*He is the last man that I think hard-working.,2.对询问观点的句子或
34、知识性的问题的否定回答(1)对询问观点的句子如：How was the concert?表示否定的常用语就有：Ive never been to a worse one.Just so-so.It sent me to sleep.I couldnt help dozing off.It was a waste of time and money.*Well,I should have stayed at home.(2)对知识性的问题如：Who invented the computer?Who knows?It is beyond me.*It is at the tip of my to
35、ngue,3.拒绝帮助对方如：Can you help me with the math problem?(1)You are driving me mad.(2)I dont want to be interrupted before I finish my term paper.(3)*Id like to,but Ive got an appointment with a professor at two oclock.(4)*I wish I could,but I afraid that Ive got to rush now.（5）*Im afraid I just ran out
36、 of time.4.拒绝对方的提议或要求(1)拒绝对方的提议如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend?Id like to,but my paper is due next Monday.Ill go if you really want me to,but I want to have a good rest at home.(2)拒绝对方的要求如：Try not to make mistakes in your exam.*Well,easier said than done.,长对话(Long conversations),2 个长对话;
37、两个人针对一个话题进行多轮对话,这对于考生的短期记忆能力有较高的要求。听力长对话（Long Conversations）的长度一般在6-20句之间，字数在120-250字之间。针对每篇长对话的问题可能会有2-5个。与短对话相比，长对话涉及的内容更深入，人物态度，语气，情感变化更复杂，一般不能简单依赖某个关键词来判断整篇对话的含义，更依赖于推断和判断。长对话必然有一个中心议题，中心议题正是该面的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开话题，对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的中心思想。长对话经常涉及到的几种情况，主要分成三大类：学习相关类，生活相关类和工作相关类。顾名思义，学习相关类与
38、学习有密切联系，比如：选课，考试，论文等；生活相关类主要涉及到家庭，校园生活，娱乐，运动等；生活相关类多是找工作，面试等题材。下面列举几个常用典型场景的题型。,一、学习相关类学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景，选课场景，补课场景和论文场景等。（1）教务场景场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。场景涉及内容：学期计划，调课信息，考试安排，课程介绍等。解题思路：教务人员总是细致地描述各项事务的细节问题，时间，地点，计划推迟或变更的原因往往是考查的重点。经常出现的问题和答案Q:Who is the speaker?A:teacher,profes
39、sor,instructor,advisorQ:When does the talk take place?A:at the beginning(in the middle,at the end of the semester)Q:Where does the talk take place?A:classroom,lecture hallQ:What is the topic?A:changes in the schedule,the schedule of this semester,exam schedule,information about on course常用的词汇和词组：mid
40、term,finals,count for 50%of your score,class discussion,seminar,workshop(讲习班),take attendance(点名),elementary,intermediate,advanced等。,（2）选课场景场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。解题思路：学生觉得课程太难，负荷太重。常用的词汇和词组：required,compulsory,elective,selective,optional,course,descrip
41、tion,catalog,bulletin,prerequisite course(预修课程),preliminary course(预备课程),such a heavy load,excellent reputation,drop a course(退修课程)等。（3）补课场景场景人物：同学之间补课。场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。解题思路：迟到或旷课的学生大多是男生，帮他补课的一般是女生。男生在补课过程中常会问一些愚蠢问题，而女生将一一给与澄清。结尾处，男生会感叹不上这堂课很遗憾,经常出现的问题和答案：Q:Why was
42、the man late for class?(Why did the man ask the woman about the lecture?)A:He overslept(was sick,had some trouble with his car,had to go to see the doctor,dentist,had an emergency)Q:What confused the man?A:专业课的内容。Q:What does the man promise to do at last?A:He will not be late again(oversleep again)常
43、用的词汇和词组：fill sb.in(暂代某人),Youve really lost me there(你真的让我糊涂了),make sense,miss a pretty important class,clarify the misunderstanding,check the notes等。（4）论文场景场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。解题思路：论文的题目难以确定，资料太难找（题目太偏，查不到资料；题目太大，要查的资料太多，太杂）。常用的词汇和词组：explore the topic,published r
44、esources,bibliography/reference,intellectual dishonesty,plagiarism(剽窃),get an early start,gather materials等。,二、生活相关类包括体育场景，娱乐场景，租房场景等。（1）体育场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如cycling,rock climbing,skiing.解题思路：目的不在于比赛，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些运动，如cycling，往往是以team,club或association的形式存在的。常用的词汇和词组：ski,boots
45、,pole,outdoors,get in great shape,ensure the safety,first aid(急救),check the trails,physical education,belts,patience,mental discipline,expert riders,starting line,relay station（中继站）等。（2）娱乐场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。解题思路：一般说到娱乐，常见的项目有go on a picnic,hiking trip,camping trip,go to
46、 a concert,see a movie,play the ball,ski,traveling等。常见的词汇和词组：enjoy,good day,take a break,relax,reserve a court(预定一个球场),a night out,take your mind off your test,fair weather等。,（3）租房场景场景人物：房东，住户场景涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。解题思路：学生一般倾向于找价格低的房子，所以房子的条件一般比较差，经常会出一些毛病；由于房子紧张，找房子，租房子的
47、过程往往很不容易。常用的词汇和词组：roommate,dormitory,deposit（付定金）,live on,off campus,utilities,heating costs,temporary accommodation,landlord,apartment,sublet,dishwasher,messy,a leaky faucet(漏水的水龙头),tenant,afford等。,三、工作相关类（1）应聘（面试）场景常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。场景涉及的内容：对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。解题思路：应聘者介绍自己的情
48、况，如：教育背景，特长等，聘方人员一般要介绍工作的性质，工资待遇以及上下班时间。常用的词汇和词组：teaching assistant,research assistant,lab assistant,administrative assistant,waiter,waitress,nanny/babysitter,dishwashing,application procedure,reference,salary,wage,demand physical endurance,precareer training(岗前培训),permanent employment,stipend,bonus
49、,part-time job等。,概括地说，要听好长对话，必须做到以下五点：（1）通过预读选项信息，能迅速把握它们的内在联系，从而预测所听对话材料的基本内容，并且从各个问题间的内在联系提炼出对话的中心思想，更好地理解个检测点的细节。下面两点值得特别关注：a.注意重复的词语，这些词通常会给你一些线索，还会帮助你回忆起你在题目中听过的名称；b.注意各个选项中的不同点，注意一些不同的名字，地点及不同的动词，这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键。（2）排除明显错误的选项。及时排除明显错误的选项，将有助于你提高正确率。（3）把握做题的节奏。做题的节奏在听力中比在其他部分要重要得多，每一项提
50、问的时间间隔都是相同的，这就暗示着答题的节奏感。做到答题的节奏与提问的节奏相一致，一旦答题的节奏落后了，就会手忙脚乱，出错的几率大大增加。（4）提高短期记忆能力，学会脑笔同记，边听边记和一系列适用自己的记忆方法。（5）熟悉各种固定的提问形式，根据对话的发展预测可能提出的问题。,短文部分,大学英语四级听力测试的第二部分主要是由三篇短文组成,每个短文后附有3 4题。虽然短文的内容涉及面广,但测试重点具有一定的规律,可概括为:(l)掌握短文的主题或中心思想;(2)综合记忆短文中的事实和理由;(3)通过所给信息判断人物的身份及相互间的关系;(4)记住事情发生的时间和地点;(5)依据字面意思,推断出隐含
