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1、尿路感染Urinary tract infection,UTI,Definition,尿路感染是指尿路内大量微生物繁殖而引起的尿路炎症，可有或无临床症状。Urinary tract infection refers to the urinary tract inflammation caused by a large number of pathogenic microorganisms multiply within the urinary tract,with or without clinical symptoms.,Urinary tract 尿路,肾脏,输尿管,膀胱,尿道,Class
2、ification,上 尿 路 感 染 Upper UTI下 尿 路 感 染 Lower UTI,Based on the position,肾盂肾炎 pyelonephritis pailunifraitis 输尿管炎 ureteritis juretraitis 膀胱炎 cystitis sistaitis 尿道炎 urethritis juriraitis,肾盂肾炎pyelonephritis输尿管炎ureteritis,膀胱炎cystitis 尿道炎urethritis,Classification,According to pathogens,细菌性尿感 Bacterial UTI真
3、菌性尿感 Fungal UTI,common,病原菌种类,病因,细菌感染：Bacterial infection真菌病毒原虫,革兰阴性杆菌 Gram-negative bacteria（95%）,大肠杆菌 70%escherichia coli(E.coli)副大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、产碱杆菌、产气杆菌、绿脓杆菌,Defense mechanism 防御机制,尿路通畅时尿液能冲走绝大部分细菌 Urine can wash away the majority of bacteria尿路粘膜可分泌IgG、IgA Urinary tract mucosa secrete IgG,IgA尿液含高浓度尿酸和
4、有机酸，pH值低 Urine contain high levels of uric acid and organic acid,Low pH value男性排尿时前列腺液有杀菌作用 Prostatic secretion have germicidal effect,Invading path 感染途径,上行感染（90%）：一侧或双肾病变 Ascending infection血行感染：双肾病变 Bloodstream infection（rare）,严重尿路阻塞 Severe urinary tract obstruction机体免疫力低下Low immunity,Ascending in
5、fection,肾 输尿管 膀胱 尿道,Predisposing factors 易感因素,女性 female尿流不畅或尿液返流Poor urine、urine reflux使用尿道插入性器械Using urethral insertion device机体抵抗力低下Low immunity尿道口周围或盆腔炎症inflammation,female accounts for the majority,女性尿道短而直urethra is short and straight 女性尿道与阴道、肛门邻近urethra is near the vagina and anus 经期menstruation 性生活sex 妊娠期pregnancy等,Thank you!,
