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1、More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job.How tough should a parent be to galvanize them in these financially fraught times?,Text,1 In July,you looked on as your handsome 21-year-old son,dressed in gown and mortarboard,proudly clutched hi
2、s honours degree for his graduation photo.Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party,began to fade.Until now.,Text,2 As the summer break comes to a close and students across the country prepare for the start of a new term,you find that
3、your graduate son is still spending his days slumped in front of the television,broken only by texting,Facebook and visits to the pub.This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.Will he ever get a job?,Text,3 This is the scenario facing thousands of fami
4、lies.More than 650,000 students left university this summer and most in these financially testing times have no idea what to do next.Parents revert to nagging;sons and daughters become rebels without a cause,aware that they need to get a job,but not sure how.,Text,4 Jack Goodwin,from Middlesex,gradu
5、ated with a 2:1 in politics from Nottingham this summer.He walked into the university careers service and straight back out again;there was a big queue.He lived with five other boys all of whom did the same.There was no pressure to find a job,even though most of the girls he knew had a clearer plan.
6、,Text,5 I applied for a job as a political researcher,but got turned down,he says.They were paying 18,000,which doesnt buy you much more than a tin of beans after rent,but they wanted people with experience or masters degrees.Then I applied for the Civil Service fast stream.I passed the exam,but at
7、the interviews they accused me of being too detached and talking in language that was too technocratic,which I didnt think possible,but obviously it is.,Text,6 Since then he has spent the summer hiding.He can recount several episodes of Traffic Cops and has seen more daytime television than is healt
8、hy.He talks to his friends about his aimless days and finds that most are in the same boat.One has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents.For the rest it is 9-to-5 chilling before heading to the pub.,Text,So how about working behind the bar,to pay for those drinks?I dont want to do bar work
9、.I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university,where I worked really hard to get a good degree,he says.Now Im back at the same stage as those friends who didnt go to uni at all,who are pulling pints and doing dead-end jobs.I feel that Ive come full circle.,Text,7
10、Jacqueline Goodwin,his mother,defends him.She insists that he has tried to get a job,but having worked full-time since leaving school herself,she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed.I have always had to work,she says.Its difficult because when you have a degree,it opens ne
11、w doors for you,or youd like to think that it does.,Text,8 Although she is taking a soft line with her son at the moment,she is clear that after an upcoming three-week trip to South America,his holiday from work will have to end.He may even have to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.9 Th
12、eyve got to grow up at some point.Weve finished paying for university,so a little bit of help back is good,she says.The South America trip is the cutoff point.When he comes back therell be Christmas work if nothing else.,Text,10 Gael Lindenfield,a psychotherapist and the author of The Emotional Heal
13、ing Strategy,says that the Goodwin parents have struck exactly the right note.The transition from university to a job is tough for parents and children:Crucially they must balance being positive and understanding with not making life too comfortable for their offspring.,Text,11 The main job for the
14、parents is to be there because if they start advising them what to do,that is when the conflict starts.If you have contacts,by all means use those,she says.But a lot of parents get too soft.Put limits on how much money you give them,ask them to pay rent or contribute to the care of the house or the
15、pets.Carry on life as normal and dont allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserves of emotional energy.,Text,12 Paying for career consultations,train fares to interviews or books are good things;being too pushy is not.But while parents should be wary of becoming too soft,Lindenfield ad
16、vises them to tread sympathetically after a job setback for a few days or even weeks depending on the scale of the knock.After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle.,Text,13 Boys are more likely to get stuck at home.Lindenfield believes that men are often better at
17、helping their sons,nephews,or friends sons than are mothers and sisters.Men have a different way of handling setbacks than women,she says,so they need the male presence to talk it through.,Text,14 As for bar work,she is a passionate advocate:Its a great antidote to graduate apathy.It just depends on
18、 how you approach it.Lindenfield,who found her first job as an aerial photographic assistant through bar work,says it is a great networking opportunity and certainly more likely to get you a job than lounging in front of the TV.,Text,15 The same goes for shelf-stacking.You will be spotted if youre g
19、ood at it.If youre bright and cheerful and are polite to the customers,youll soon get moved on.So think of it as an opportunity;people who are successful in the long run have often got shelf-stacking stories,she says.,Text,16 Your son or daughter may not want to follow Hollywood stars such as Whoopi
20、 Goldberg into applying make-up to corpses in a mortuary,or guarding nuclear power plants like Bruce Willis,but even Brad Pitt had to stand outside El Pollo Loco restaurant chain in a giant chicken suit at one time in his life.None of them appears the poorer for these experiences.,Text,大学毕业找工作的第一要义：
21、别躺在沙发上做梦 今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？,Text,1 七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。,Text,2 等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。这位属于“千禧一代”的年青人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一
22、代”的成员。他能找到工作吗？,Text,3 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，65万多大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。,Text,4 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。,Text,5 他说：“我申请政治学研究工作
23、，但被拒绝了。他们给的年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。但在面试时，他们说我太冷漠了，谈吐太像专家政治论者。我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。”,Text,6 打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。他能够轻松地复述出电视剧交通警察中的若干片段。他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己一样。其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市上货，其余的则都是朝九晚五地“无所事事”，晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时间。,Text,要么，干脆就在酒吧工
24、作？这样还可以挣些酒钱。“我不想在酒吧工作。我上的是综合学校，我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学。到了大学，我又埋头苦读，才取得一个好学位。可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的做无聊的酒吧侍应的朋友处在同一个水平线上。我觉得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原来的起点。”,Text,7 他的母亲杰奎琳古德温替他辩护。她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力了。因为她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作，所以她和她的丈夫发现，建议儿子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情。她说，“我一直都不得不工作。而现在的年青人很难做到这一点，因为如果你有了学位，学位就会为你提供新的机会，至少你自己会这么想。”,Text,8 虽然现在她对儿子的态度还比较温和，但
25、是她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期的假之后，他的休假就该结束了。他可能还得付房租，并分担家庭开支。9 她说，“在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人。我们已经帮他交了大学的学费，所以他也该给我们一点点回报了。南美度假就是一个分水岭，他回来以后如果找不到工作，那就圣诞节打零工好了。”,Text,10 心理治疗师盖尔林登费尔德是情感康复策略的作者。她说古德温夫妇的做法是很恰当的。从大学到工作的转换对父母和孩子来说都很艰难，关键是父母要在支持理解孩子和不溺爱孩子之间找到一个平衡点。,Text,11“父母的主要任务就是支持孩子，如果他们教导孩子该如何做，那么就会引起矛盾，如果有熟人，一定要找他们想办法。”她说。“但
26、很多父母心太软了。必须限制孩子的零花钱，要求他们交房租，或分担日常生活或养宠物的开销。父母要维持正常的生活，不要让孩子随便用你们的银行账户或者榨干你们的情感能量。”,Text,12 为孩子支付职业咨询费、面试交通费及书费是好事，但不能催得太紧。林登费尔德建议：虽说父母不能太宽容，但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折，父母应该体谅他们，宽容他们几天甚至几周这取决于他们受打击的程度。等他们缓过来之后，父母就该坚决要求孩子继续求职。,Text,13 男孩更容易窝在家里。林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更容易帮助儿子、侄子或朋友的儿子。她说，由于男人和女人处理挫折的方式不同，所以男孩需要跟男人谈话才能度过难关。
27、,Text,14 林登费尔德强烈支持去酒吧打工：那是克服毕业冷漠症的一剂良方。这工作好不好要取决于你如何看待它。就是在酒吧打工的时候，林登费尔德找到了她的第一份当航拍助手的工作。她说在酒吧工作是拓展人际关系的绝好机会，肯定比赖在家里看电视更容易找到工作。,Text,15 她说：“在超市上货也一样。如果干得好，你就会被人发现的。如果你聪明、活泼，礼貌待客，你很快就会升职。所以，把它看作是机会。那些最终成功的人士很多都有在超市上货的经历。”,Text,16 你的儿女可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过的活，比如像乌比戈德堡那样去停尸房给死人化妆，或者像布鲁斯威利斯那样在核电站当警卫，但即便是布拉德皮特也曾经
28、不得不穿上宽大的小鸡模样的服装站在快餐连锁店El Pollo Loco 的门口招揽生意。他们中没有一个人因为这些经历而变得更加穷困。,Text,Words&Phrases,galvanize,financially,fraught,mortarboard,clutch,graduation,slump,recount,technocratic,detached,the Civil Service,nag,revert,testing,proceed,tricky,dead-end,uni,backside,comprehensive,chill,scion,morph,grunt,aimles
29、s,daytime,cop,psychotherapist,cutoff,upcoming,Words&Phrases,heal,transition,sap,consultation,pushy,sympathetically,nudge,mortuary,corpse,photographic,aerial,apathy,saddle,advocate,antidote,Words&Phrases,look on,fork out,turn down,in the same boat,pull pints,come full circle,take a soft/hard line,go
30、for sb./sth.,talk through,if nothing else,strike the right note,by all means,Words&Phrases,Jack Goodwin 杰克古德温（人名）,Middlesex,Nottingham,Jacqueline Goodwin 杰奎琳古德温（人名）,Gael Lindenfield,Whoopi Goldberg,Bruce Willis,Brad Pitt,El Pollo Loco,galvanize vt.shock or affect someone enough to produce a strong a
31、nd immediate reaction 使振奋；刺激；使（某人）震惊或激动（并采取行动）e.g.1.His speech yesterday galvanized many workers into action.他昨天的演讲激励不少工人行动起来了。2.Her love galvanized him into youth.她的爱使他焕发了青春的活力。Word family:galvanization n.,Words&Phrases,financially ad.from a financial point of view 财政上；金融上e.g.1.He says US options w
32、ill be limited in the years ahead because the country is over extended militarily and financially.他表示，由于美国近年来在军事和财政上的过度支出，美国的选择其实有限。2.Older parents are often better prepared financially.（CET4-06-06）Word family:financial a.involving money 财政的；金融的e.g.The company was in deep financial difficulties.该公司陷
33、入了严重的财务困难。,Words&Phrases,年纪大一些的父母常常会多准备一些钱。,fraught a.very worried and with a lot of problems 忧虑的；焦虑不安的e.g.1.After his speech,there was a fraught silence.他发言后，出现了一阵令人焦虑不安的沉默。2.She sounded a bit fraught.她听上去有点儿忧心忡忡。,Words&Phrases,mortarboard n.C a hat with a stiff square top,worn as a sign of academi
34、c achievement.Mortarboards were traditionally worn by teachers 学位帽；方顶帽,Words&Phrases,The square academic cap,often called a mortarboard(because of its similarity in appearance to the hawk used by bricklayers to hold mortar),is an item of academic head dress consisting of a horizontal square board fi
35、xed upon a skull-cap,with a tassel attached to the center.,clutch vt.hold someone or sth.firmly 紧抓；紧握e.g.1.The mother clutched her baby in her arms.母亲紧紧地把婴儿抱在怀里。2.He clutched at the rope we threw to him.他紧紧抓住我们扔给他的绳子。,Words&Phrases,graduation 1)n.U the act of receiving a degree or other qualificatio
36、n after finishing your studies at a college or university（大学）毕业e.g.1.She managed to find a job immediately after graduation.她刚毕业就找到了一份工作。2)n.C a ceremony at which you are given a degree or other qualification 毕业典礼e.g.He has just attended his daughters graduation.他刚刚参加了女儿的毕业典礼。Word family:graduate v.
37、,Words&Phrases,slump vi.1)sit,lean,or fall heavily and limply,esp.with a bent back（沉重无力地）坐下（或倚下、倒下）；垂头弯腰地坐着e.g.1.She slumped against the cushions.她无力地靠在沙发垫上。2)be suddenly reduced to a much lower level 暴跌；剧降e.g.What caused the price of irons to slump?钢铁价格暴跌是什么原因?,Words&Phrases,scion n.C（literary）a yo
38、ung member of a rich or important family（名门望族的）子孙，后裔e.g.Baker is the scion of one of Houstons most distinguished families.贝克是休斯敦一个名门望族的后裔。,Words&Phrases,morph v.gradually change one image into another using computer technology,or be changed in this way 转变；用计算机技术变换（图像）e.g.1.The computer programmer mo
39、rphed the image.计算机程序员用计算机技术改变了图像。2.In the video,Michael Jackson morphed into a panther.视频中迈克尔杰克逊变成了豹。,Words&Phrases,grunt 1)n.C a short low sound made by a person to indicate disgust,approval or disapproval（表示厌恶、不满等的）咕哝声，嘟哝声e.g.1.He gave a grunt to show his disapproval.他嘟哝一声表示不满。2.He answered the q
40、uestion with boorish grunt.他粗鲁地嘟哝着回答问题。2)v.say sth.using low short sounds,especially when one does not want to talk 咕哝着说e.g.She grunted some incomprehensible reply.她咕噜着回答了些令人费解的话。,Words&Phrases,testing a.difficult to deal with 难对付的；棘手的e.g.1.He didnt know how to deal with the difficult and testing pr
41、oblem.他不知道如何处理这极棘手的难题。2.That was really a testing situation.那可真是伤脑筋的局势。,Words&Phrases,revert v.(to)return to a previous state or way of behaving,often one that is not good 恢复到（原状或原来的行为方式）e.g.1.If you revert to your old eating habits,youll gain weight again.如果你恢复以前的饮食习惯，你又会发胖的。2.He reverts to drinkin
42、g again.他又开始喝酒了。,Words&Phrases,nag v.frequently ask someone to do sth.that they do not want to do 唠叨；对纠缠不休e.g.1.His parents keep nagging him to do something instead of staying at home all day.他父母不停地对他唠叨，让他做点事情，而不是整天待在家里。2.She nagged him into doing what she wanted.她向他唠叨，使他不得不去做她要他做的事。3.She nagged him
43、 to death.她唠叨得把他烦死了。,Words&Phrases,the Civil Service n.sing a countrys government departments and the people who work in them（一国政府的）行政机关，全体公务员e.g.1.There are few women in the upper reaches of the Civil Service.行政部门的上层机构中很少有女性任职。2.He used his influential friends to help him get into the Civil Service
44、 by the back door.他利用那些有权有势的朋友帮助他走后门，到政府行政部门任职。civil servant 公务员,Words&Phrases,detached a.not feeling involved with someone or sth.in a close or emotional way 冷淡的；超然的e.g.1.She had a detached expression on her face.她一脸的冷淡。2.Through all the arguments among other committee members,she kept a detached a
45、ttitude.在其他委员会成员辩论时，她始终保持超然的态度。,Words&Phrases,technocratic a.技术专家政治论的；技术专家治国论的Word family:technocrat n.an exponent or advocate of technocracy 技术专家政治论者，技术专家治国论者e.g.a new government led by a technocrat 在专家政治论者领导下的新政府,Words&Phrases,recount vt.(fml)say what happened 叙述e.g.1.He recounted to us his childh
46、ood adventures.他向我们讲述了他孩提时代的种种历险。2.The story of his life is vividly recounted in this new book.这本新书生动地描述了他的一生。,Words&Phrases,cop n.C(infml)a police officer 警察e.g.1.I called the cops to come to get him.我报了警，让警察来抓他。2.Traffic Cops is a UK television documentary series about traffic police.交通警察是英国一部关于交警
47、的纪录片电视剧。,Words&Phrases,daytime n.U the period of time during the day when it is light outside 白天；日间e.g.1.Bats sleep in the daytime and come out to hunt for food at night.蝙蝠白天睡觉，夜间出来觅食。2.He never goes out in the daytime.他白天从来不出去。Antonym:nighttime,Words&Phrases,aimless a.without any particular purpose
48、 or plan 无目的的e.g.1.She said that her life seemed aimless.她说她的生活好像没有目标。2.He led an aimless life all his life.他一辈子浑浑噩噩。Word family:aimlessly ad.aimlessness n.,Words&Phrases,chill vi.pass time without a particular aim or purpose,esp.with other people;relax completely 消磨时光；放松e.g.1.I spent most of the we
49、ekend chilling out at my friends house.我这个周末大部份时间都在朋友家悠闲地度过。2.Chill out!Well get there on time!别紧张！我们会按时赶到的！3.Im ready to chill for the rest of the morning.我打算今天早上剩下的时间好好玩一玩，放松放松！,Words&Phrases,comprehensive 1)n.C a UK school for students of different levels of ability between the ages of 11 and 18（
50、英）综合学校e.g.He was educated at the local comprehensive.他在当地一家综合学校接受教育。2)a.including many details or aspects of sth.综合的；多方面的e.g.1.He has a comprehensive knowledge.他知识渊博。2.This service is often felt to be too comprehensive and too expensive.人们经常感到这种服务的内容太多，索价太高。,Words&Phrases,backside n.C(infml)a person
