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1、Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,Fourth Edition,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,2,Learning Objectives,Explain the key role of a systems analyst in businessDescribe the various types of systems an analyst might work onExplain the importance of technical,peop
2、le,and business skills for an analystExplain why ethical behavior is crucial for a systems analysts career,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,3,Learning Objectives(continued),Describe the many types of technology an analyst needs to understandDescribe various job titles and
3、places of employment where analysis and design work is doneDiscuss the analysts role in strategic planning for an organizationDescribe the analysts role in a system development project,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,4,Overview,Information systems Crucial to success of mo
4、dern business organizationsConstantly being developed to make business more competitiveImpact productivity and profitsKeys to successful system developmentThorough systems analysis and designUnderstanding what business requires,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,5,Overview(c
5、ontinued),Systems analysis process of understanding in detail what a system should accomplishSystems design process of specifying in detail how components of an information system should be physically implementedSystems analyst uses analysis and design techniques to solve business problems using inf
6、ormation technology,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,6,The Analyst as a Business Problem Solver,Has computer technology knowledge and programming expertiseUnderstands business problemsUses logical methods for solving problemsHas fundamental curiosityWants to make things be
7、tterIs more of a business problem solver than a technical programmer,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,7,Analysts Approach to Problem Solving,Verify benefits of solving problem outweigh the costs,Research and understand the problem,Define the requirements for solving the pr
8、oblem,Develop a set of possible solutions(alternatives),Define the details of the chosen solution,Monitor to ensure desired results,Decide which solution is best and recommend,Implement the solution,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,8,Systems That Solve Business Problems,Sy
9、stem interrelated components functioning together to achieve an outcomeInformation systems collection of interrelated components that collect,process,store,and provide as output information needed to complete tasksSubsystem part of a larger systemSupersystem larger system that contains subsystemsFun
10、ctional decomposition dividing a system into smaller subsystems and components,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,9,Information Systems and Subsystems,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,10,Information Systems and Component Parts,Systems Analysis and
11、Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,11,System Boundary vs.Automation Boundary,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,12,Types of Information Systems,Transaction processing systems(TPS)Capture and record information about organizations transactions Management information syste
12、ms(MIS)Take information captured by TPS Produce reports for planning and controlDecision support/knowledge-based systems(DSS/KBS)Explore impact of available options or decisions(what-if scenarios)Automate routine decision making,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,13,Types of
13、 Information Systems(continued),Enterprise applicationsHighly integrated systems that support company-wide operations and dataOften combine aspects of TPS,MIS,DSS/KBSCommunication support systemsFacilitate communication internally and with customers and suppliersOffice support systemsHelp employees
14、create and share documents,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,14,Types of Information Systems(continued),Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,15,Required Skills of the Systems Analyst,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,16,Techn
15、ical Knowledge and Skills,An analyst should have fundamental technology knowledge ofComputers/peripheral devices(hardware)Communication networks and connectivityDatabase and database management systems(DBMS)Programming languages(for example,VB.NET or Java)Operating systems and utilities,Systems Anal
16、ysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,17,Technical Knowledge and Skills(continued),Analyst uses toolsSoftware productivity packagesIntegrated development environments(IDEs)for programming languagesCASE tools,testing,documentation support,reverse engineering,configuration management Analyst
17、 understands SDLC techniquesProject planning,systems analysis Systems design,database design,network designConstruction,implementation,systems support,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,18,Business Knowledge and Skills,Analyst must understandBusiness functions performed by o
18、rganizationStrategies,plans,traditions,and values of the organizationOrganizational structureOrganization management techniquesFunctional work processes Systems analysts typically study business administration/management in college with a major in CIS or MIS,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing
19、 World,4th Edition,19,People Knowledge and Skills,Systems analysts need to understand how peopleThinkLearnReact to changeCommunicate Work(in a variety of jobs and levels),Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,20,People Knowledge and Skills(continued),Interpersonal and communica
20、tion skills are crucial toObtaining informationMotivating peopleGetting cooperationUnderstanding the complexity and workings of an organization in order to provide necessary support,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,21,Integrity and Ethics,Analyst has access to confidential
21、 information,such as salary,an organizations planned projects,security systems,and so on.Must keep information privateAny impropriety can ruin an analysts careerAnalyst plans security in systems to protect confidential information,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,22,The En
22、vironment Surrounding the Analyst,Types of technology encounteredDesktopNetworked desktopsClient-serverLarge-scale centralized mainframeInternet,intranet,and extranet Wireless,PDA/cell phones,mobile desktops,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,23,Use of Web Technology for Fle
23、xibility,Enterprise applications require flexible deployment environmentsAnywhere,anytime accessFor employees,partners,and customers Best provided by Web-based technologyB2C:business to consumerB2B:business to business,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,24,Typical Job Titles
24、 and Places of Employment,Job titles of systems analyst vary greatly,but entail same thingPlaces of employment vary from small businesses to large corporationsAnalysts can be internal employees or outside consultantsAnalysts can be developing solutions for internal business managers or for external
25、clients and customers,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,25,The Analysts Role in Strategic Planning,Special projects affecting executivesBusiness process reengineering radical improvements to existing processesStrategic planning processInformation systems strategic planningA
26、pplication architecture plan(business focus)Technology architecture plan(infrastructure focus)Enterprise resource planning(ERP),Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,26,Components of an information systems strategic plan,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Editi
27、on,27,Rocky Mountain Outfitters(RMO)and Its Strategic Information Systems Plan,RMO sports clothing manufacturer and distributor about to begin customer support system projectNeed to understand the nature of the business,approach to strategic planning,and objectives for customer support systemRMO sys
28、tem development project used to demonstrate analysis and design conceptsReliable Pharmaceutical Service(RPS)is a second case study for classroom purposes,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,28,Introduction to Rocky Mountain Outfitters(RMO)Business,Began in Park City,Utah supp
29、lying winter sports clothes to local ski shopsExpanded into direct mail-order sales with small catalogas catalog interest increased,opened retail store in Park CityBecame large,regional sports clothing distributor by early 2000s in Rocky Mountain and Western statesCurrently$150 million in annual sal
30、es and 600 employees and two retail storesMail-order revenue is$90 million;phone-order revenue is$50 million,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,29,Early RMO Catalog Cover(Fall 1978),Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,30,Current RMO Catalog Cover(Fall
31、 2007),Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,31,RMO Strategic Issues,Innovative clothing distributor;featured products on Web site ahead of competitorsOriginal Web site functionsEnhance image,request copy of catalog,portal to outdoor sports Web sitesEnhanced Web site functionsA
32、dd specific product information,weekly specials,and all product offeringsDetailed IS strategic plan Supply chain management Customer relationship management,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,32,RMOs Organizational Structure,Managed by original ownersJohn Blankens PresidentL
33、iz Blankens Vice president of merchandising and distributionWilliam McDougal Vice president of marketing and salesJoAnn White Vice president of finance and systemsBackground in finance and accounting,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,33,RMO Locations,Systems Analysis and De
34、sign in a Changing World,4th Edition,34,RMO Information Systems Department,Mac Preston Assistant vice-president and chief information officer(CIO)Recent promotion made after IS strategic plan createdCIO reports to finance and systems VPCIO is increasingly important to future of RMOGiven its strategi
35、c importance,IS department will eventual report directly to the CEO,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,35,RMO Information Systems Department Staffing,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,36,Existing RMO Systems,Small mainframe-based system Supports inv
36、entory,mail-order,accounting,and human resourcesHas dedicated connectivity to distribution and mail-order sitesLANs and file servers Supports central office functions,distribution centers,and manufacturing centersBatch updates to mainframe,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,
37、37,Existing RMO Systems(continued),RMO informational Web site Hosted by Internet service provider(ISP)Merchandising/distribution systemTwelve-year-old mainframe COBOL/CICS,DB2,VSAM application Mail order systemFourteen-year-old mainframe COBOL application Phone order systemOracle and Visual Basic sy
38、stem built 6 years ago,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,38,Existing RMO Systems(continued),Retail store systems Eight-year-old point-of-sale and batch inventory package,overnight update with mainframe Office systemsLAN with office software,Internet,e-mailHuman resources sy
39、stemThirteen-year-old mainframe-based payroll and benefitsAccounting/finance systemMainframe package bought from leading vendor,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,39,The Information Systems Strategic Plan,Supports RMO strategic objectivesBuild more direct customer relationsh
40、ips Expand marketing beyond Western statesPlan calls for a series of information system development and integration projects over several yearsProject launch:New customer support system to integrate phone orders,mail orders,and direct customer orders via Internet,Systems Analysis and Design in a Cha
41、nging World,4th Edition,40,RMO Technology Architecture Plan,Distribute business applications Across multiple locations and systemsReserve mainframe for Web server,database,and telecommunications Strategic business processes via InternetSupply chain management(SCM)Direct customer ordering via dynamic
42、 Web siteCustomer relationship management(CRM)Web-based intranet for business functions,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,41,RMO Application Architecture Plan,Supply chain management(SCM)Product development,product acquisition,manufacturing,inventory management Customer sup
43、port system(CSS)Integrate order-processing and fulfillment system with SCMSupport customer orders(mail,phone,Web)Strategic information management systemExtract and analyze SCM and CSS information for strategic and operational decision making and control,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing Worl
44、d,4th Edition,42,RMO Application Architecture Plan(continued),Retail store system(RSS)Replace existing retail store system with system integrated with CSSAccounting/finance systemPurchase intranet application to maximize employee access to financial data for planning and controlHuman resources(HR)sy
45、stemPurchase intranet application to maximize employee access to human resources forms,procedures,and benefits information,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,43,Timetable for RMO Strategic Plan,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,44,The Customer Suppo
46、rt System(CSS),RMO core competency is their ability to develop and maintain customer loyaltySupply chain management(SCM)must be defined before CSS can beginCSS is a core system supporting customer relationship managementSystems analysis activities will define system requirements in detailStrategic p
47、lans stated objectives will form guidelines as project proceeds,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,45,Analyst as a System Developer,Part 1:The systems analystChapter 1:The world of the information systems analyst(this chapter)Chapter 2:Approaches to system developmentPredict
48、ive and adaptive SDLCsTraditional approachObject-oriented approachChapter 3:The analyst as a project manager,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,46,Analyst as a System Developer(continued),Part 2:Systems analysis tasksChapter 4:Beginning the analysis:Investigating system requ
49、irementsChapter 5:Modeling system requirementsChapter 6:Traditional approach to requirementsChapter 7:Object-oriented approach to requirementsChapter 8:Evaluating alternatives for requirements,environment,and implementation,Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,4th Edition,47,Analyst as a
50、System Developer(continued),Part 3:Systems design tasksChapter 9:Moving to designChapter 10:Traditional approach to designChapter 11:Object-oriented approach to designChapter 12:Designing databasesChapter 13:Designing the user interfaceChapter 14:Designing system interfaces,controls,and security,Sys
