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1、翻译中四字格的使用,四字格的优点,内容：言简意赅形式：整齐匀称语音：顺口悦耳“四字格的运用可使文章增添不少生花之笔。一篇译文恰到好处地用一些四字格，可让人读起来抑扬顿挫，起落跌宕，可以享受到语音上的和谐美感。”冯庆华 实用翻译教程,1,Eisenhowever later recalled,when MacArthur felt slighted he was capable of expressing himself in“an explosive denunciation of politics,bad manners,bad judgment,broken promise,arrogan
2、ce,uncertainty,unconstitutionality,insensitivity,and the way the world had gone to hell”.unconstitutionality:违反宪法,不合宪法,艾森豪威尔后来回忆往事时说，只要麦克阿瑟感到有人对他不够尊重，就“发起脾气来，破口大骂人家好耍权术，不懂礼貌，乱出主意，出尔反尔，狂妄自大，违反宪法，神经迟钝，麻木不仁，如今世道真是见鬼，等等。”,2,Wartime Marseilles was such a bubbling stew of political double-dealing,financia
3、l corruption,racial and nationalist crisscrossings,refugee agonies,and tragedies,and Mediterranean finagling dating back to Phoenician times,that compared to Gaithers daily grind,melodramas and spy yarns paled.Marseilles:ma:seilz马赛(法国东南部港市)double-dealing:Duplicitous or deceitful;treacherous口是心非的，欺骗的
4、 agony:The suffering of intense physical or mental pain,finagle:To obtain or achieve by indirect,usually deceitful methods欺骗Phoenicia 腓尼基亚洲西南部的一个古代海边国家，由地中海东部沿岸的城邦组成，位于今叙利亚和黎巴嫩境内。直到 公元前1250年，腓尼基人一直是地中海地区最闻名的航海家和商人，并建立了许多殖民地，包括北非的迦太基。腓尼基人到过当时所知的世界边缘，他们把基于声音符号而不是楔形或象形文字的字母表，介绍给希腊人和其他早期民族。腓尼基文化逐步地被波斯文化
5、和后来的古希腊文化所吸收.,grind:A laborious task,routine,or study苦力，苦差费力的任务、日常工作或学习melodrama:A drama,such as a play,film,or television program,characterized by exaggerated emotions,stereotypical characters,and interpersonal conflicts.情节剧yarn:A long,often elaborate narrative of real or fictitious adventures故事，奇闻
6、漫谈对真实或虚构的历险记，经常是详尽的长篇叙述,战争年头的马赛本来就已成一锅上下翻腾的大杂烩：政治上狗苟蝇营，钱财上的巧取豪夺，种族和国籍的混淆纠缠，离乡背井的难民们的苦难和悲剧，以及从腓尼基人时代以来就已经盛行在地中海沿岸的尔虞我诈、勾心斗角，所以和盖瑟的例行公事相比较起来，什么离奇曲折的剧情和阴险诡谲的故事都要黯然失色。狗苟蝇营：也作蝇营狗苟，像苍蝇那样飞来飞去，像狗那样苟且偷生。比喻人不顾廉耻，到处专营。,3,The mayor of Toledo said in 1932:“I have seen thousands of these defeated,discouraged,hope
7、less men and women,cringing and fawning as they come to ask for public aid.It is a spectacle of national degradation.”cringe:(1)To shrink back,as in fear;cower(2)To behave in a servile way;fawnfawn:To exhibit affection or attempt to please,as a dog does by wagging its tail,whining,or cringing摇尾乞怜，狗摇
8、尾巴、哀鸣、卑躬屈膝，表示喜爱或试图讨好spectacle：Something that can be seen or viewed,译文一：托莱多市长在1932年说过：“我见到数千万遭受了挫折的、失去了信心和希望的男人和女人又奉承地又乞怜地前来请求救济。这么一个情景给国家丢了脸。”译文二：托莱多市长在1932年说过：“我见到成千上万的山穷水尽、灰心绝望的男男女女前来请求救济。他们低声下气，苦苦哀求。此情此景，真是丢尽了美国的脸。”,To Henry Kissinger,for whose wise counsel an dedicated services far beyond the ca
9、ll of duty I shall always remain grateful.From his friend,Richard Nixon尼克松送给基辛格照片，在照片的下面写下的赠言。选自卡布尔兄弟的合著基辛格。,赠给亨利基辛格：你总能献出英明的计策，用全部心血进行忘我的工作，积极承担分外的事务，我为此将永远感激于你。你的朋友：理查德尼克松,赠言亨利基辛格善进良策 献身尔职逾于所司 永志不渝 你的朋友：理查德尼克松,I 用四字短语翻译下列短语,disintegration ardent loyaltyfar-sightedness perfect harmonyimpudence care
10、ful considerationtotal exhaustion feed on fancies with great eagerness offend public decencyon the verge of destruction await with great anxietylack of perseverance ardent：characterized by strong enthusiasm or devotionimpudence:The quality of being offensively bold,disintegration 土崩瓦解 ardent loyalty
11、 赤胆忠心far-sightedness 远见卓识 perfect harmony 水乳交融impudence 厚颜无耻careful consideration 深思熟虑total exhaustion 筋疲力尽feed on fancies 画饼充饥with great eagerness 如饥似渴offend public decency 伤风败俗on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕（濒临瓦解）await with great anxiety 望穿秋水 lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网,II 翻译下列句子，尽量使用四字短语,1 He
12、 was canny,openhanded,brisk,candid,and modest.2 Drew Pearson,a thirty-year-old reporter,described them（the veterans）as“ragged,weary,and apathetic,”with“no hope on their faces.”openhanded:Giving freely;generousbrisk:Marked by speed,liveliness,and vigor;energeticcandid:Characterized by openness and si
13、ncerity of expressionapathetic:Feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern;indifferent,3 To help myself live without fault,I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues.These virtues are 1 Temperance,2 Self-control,3 Silence,4 Order,5 firmness of mind,6 Savings,7 Industry,8 Honest,9 Justice
14、,10 Cleanliness,11 Calmness,12 Morality,13 Humbleness.(Benjamin Franklin)virtue:Moral excellence and righteousness;goodness.temperance:Moderation and self-restraint,as in behavior or expressionCleanly:Habitually and carefully neat and clean,4 Many men have recognized the similarity of plants to the
15、behaviour of animals,and have dreamed wistfully,but forlornly,upon some method or source of rejuvenation such as Ponce de Leon sought in the fountain of Youth several centuries ago.forlorn:adj.(1)Appearing sad or lonely because deserted or abandoned;(2)Nearly hopeless;desperaterejuvenate:To restore
16、to youthful vigor or appearancerejuvenation:返老还童,恢复活力 Ponce de Leon：彭斯德利昂,1 他为人聪明大方，生气勃勃，忠厚耿直，谦虚谨慎。2 有一位三十四岁的记者，名叫德鲁皮尔逊，它描写那些退伍军人，说是“衣衫褴褛，筋疲力尽，神情木然，满脸愁容。”3 为了使自己生活中不犯错误，特列出我认为应该身体力行的13条守则：这些守则是：1.节制饮食；2.自我克制；3.沉默寡言；4.有条不紊；5.坚定信念；6.勤俭节约；7.工作勤奋；8.忠诚老实；9.办事公正；10.衣履整洁；11.平心静气；12.品行高尚；13.谦虚恭顺。,4 许多人认为，植物
17、的习性与动物喜相似，于是梦寐以求地去探求什么“返老还童”的“灵丹妙药”，就像百年前彭斯德利昂在青春泉祈求仙水一样，结果只能是竹篮打水。,III 修改下列译文,1 The girls were all smiles on hearing the good news.姑娘们听到这个好消息都满脸堆笑。听到这个好消息，姑娘们个个笑逐颜开。2 Louisa(a peasant girl):As you have come to my home,I feel greatly honoured.路易莎（以为农村姑娘）：大家光临，不胜荣幸。路易莎（以为农村姑娘）：您来我家，我真是太高兴了。,3 We found him lying on his back on the lawn.我们发现他在草地上袒腹高卧。我们发现他仰卧在草地上。,很多人把所谓四字成语当作法宝，以为借民族文化的瑰宝之势祭将起来，任谁都得倒下。其实，杨先生说得明白：这类词儿（指风和日暖、理直气壮等四字成语）因为用熟了，多少带些固定性，应用的时候就得小心。有深厚的文化底蕴和地方色彩的成语简直就不能在译文中使用，有些又只有一半适用而另一半不适用，对四字成语情有独钟的人难免会削足适履，或过或不及地套用，这样的例子并不罕见。即使意义完全相同，表达的方式不同也不该移用。保持不同的说法，可以保持异国情调。杨绛文集:翻译的技巧The End,
