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1、How to write English composition,灵宝实高 董宝宁,高考英语写作题的考查目的：1)考查英语基本句型的灵活运用，2)考查整合信息能力，语言结构安排和基本表 述能力。3)能对写作内容进行适当发挥，能将所给信息 完整表述出来。灵活运用语言表述的重要目标之一。这种能力就是要考生能将语言知识、技能与实际语境融会贯通贯通理，运用所学语言知识和技能有机地与试题创设的“准交际”环境糅合，做到合理准确地表达。,高考基础写作的命制思想：考查英语输出能力基本功。,1)信息整合能力合理想象和适当发挥；,2)要点齐全，内容完整按照提示要求完成短文；,3)句式结构要合理含多种语言结构形式；
2、,4)写作词汇总量一般为100左右。,写作:1)考查造句基本功、连句成篇和组织语言的能力；2)考查语言输出是否规范，整合信息是否精确到位。,英語写作是从最基本的语言架构去考查英语语言输出能力。难度虽不大，但也不容易。1)先掌握写作基础技巧，2)认真审题，阅读写作要求；3)对写作要点进行排列组合;4)再进行写作:先简单，后整合。,基础一 词汇基础：一要会写；二要会用,英语写作必备基础,基础二 语法基础：语法包括词法和句法两部分,基础三 惯用法基础：句子要地道、要符合英语习惯,基础四 写作基础：使用常用的连词或连接性副词,1.S+V,2.S+V+O,简单句的五种基本句型：,We run/work/
3、laugh/cry.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The car is moving very fast.,He goes to school./We speak English.He stroke the street boy heavily with a stick.All of us love our motherland deeply.We want to know what to do next.,3.S+V+O+O,She gave me a book./We took her to the hotel.Tim bou
4、ght his son an ice-cream just now.The old man told us a thrilling story last night.,4.S+V+P,They are American students.Your mother seems to be very angry with us.She is the pupil in her parents eyes.The food on the table has gone bad.,5.S+V+O+O.C,Our boss wants everything ready by 7 pm today.We shou
5、ldnt allow such things to happen again.We saw our Australian friends off at the airport.All these made him interested in human science.Our manager considered our plan of no importance.,强化练习遣词造句 熟背英语常用句型,掌握英語作文规律 分清不同文体架构,连词组句经常不断 细辨简单並列复合,作文步骤娴熟把握 认真练笔提升表述,读清要点排好顺序 厘清层次确定句型,简单句式清晰明了 整合句式条理分明,写作格式长短交
6、错 誊写核对标点符号,英语作文写作策略与技巧,简单变复合要多练 长短结合形神美,Rose was a poor girl.,She came from a small village.,She was fond of music.,Rose,a poor girl from a small village,was fond of music.,Rose,a poor girl coming from a small village,was fond of music.,Rose,a poor girl,who came from a small village,was fond of musi
7、c.,Rose was fond of music,who was a poor girl from a small village.,James is a famous expert on Psychology.He used to work at Duke University in the USA.Now he works as a professor at Beijing University.,James,a famous expert on psychology from Duke University in the USA,works as a professor at Beij
8、ing University.,James,from Duke University of the USA,is a famous psychology expert,working as a professor at Beijing University.,James,a famous psychology expert,is now working at Beijing University,who used to work at Duke University in the USA.,说明文写作技巧,1)年龄，性别，出生地age,sex and birthplace,人物简介句序，句型,
9、2)家庭背景，职业情况background,composition/profession,3)外貌特征，内在个性appearance,character,4)受教育程度education,5)一生中的几件大事或成就big events in ones life,6)结语或评价conclusion/evaluation,1)年龄，性别，出生地age,sex and birthplace,Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth in 1812.,Born in a poor farmers family in 1930,Dr.Yuan graduated fr
10、om Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.,Liu Xiang,born in a workers family in Shanghai,is over 27 years old now.,Mr.Patrick,born with a silver spoon in Paris,is now living in England.,2)家庭背景，职业情况 background,profession,Mr.Hawking is a professor at a university,though his father is still farmer in
11、his homeland.,Joey is a famous singer in Hong Kong,coming from a small village in Malaysia.,Dr.Yuan works as a scientist in an institute,living with his family in an old house.,Madonna,a top pop singer in the world,who has adopted many children,lives in London.,3)外貌特征，内在个性 appearance,character,Littl
12、e Tom is slim and strong with a perseverance and powerful ambition.,Lisa is a pretty girl with long hair,having a positive attitude of life.,Though he is strong and tough,warm-hearted.,He is tough with broad shoulders,showing his kindness to those who are in trouble.,4)受教育程度 education,Graduated from
13、 a university,he went abroad for his further study and received his Doctors degree.,Though he had little schooling,he had a great achievement in his field many years later.,When he was young he went to the USA,receiving his education there.,Being 18 years old,the youngest son of the family,Steven we
14、nt to Leeds University for his further education,given the diploma of the bachelor four years later.,5)一生中的几件大事或成就big events in ones life,Jody Williams helped found an international campaign to stop the making of landmines.She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use t
15、hem.She and her organization were given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997.,Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university.Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings and she built the first wild chimp refugee shelter in the world.She works to protec
16、t chimps everywhere.,6)结语或评价conclusion/evaluation,She has achieved everything she wanted to do:working with animals in their own environment,gaining a doctors degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.,Spending mone
17、y on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Instead,he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of dollars to equip others for their research in agriculture.,Born on date,month in some place,a persons name
18、 was from a family.Having graduated from some high school/university in 1953,receiving the degree of master or Ph doctor and he/she worked as profession in company/factory/in the area.It is in year that he/she began his/her some certain research/project/item.He/She got reward/honour/prize for someth
19、ing in year.Moreover,he/she is honored as by some certain organization/government/institute.Famous as he is,he cares little for money and fame.Now he is still living a simple life.,地点写作顺序或步骤,写说明文,时态要用现在时,注意句子结构；主句,从句结构要清晰,状语部分要用恰当,不要逐句翻译:地理位置,院校等写作顺序建议如下:,城市位置写作步骤：1)location：river,mountains,plain2)P
20、opulation and size：large or small3)weather：rainy,dry,cold,hot4)History and culture：examples5)feature：be famous for6)praise:comfortable,convenience,Located in the some place/area/country/continent.It covers a total area of square kilometers with a population of about million.It is a mainly place/area
21、/country with something special about weather that have description of the weather.It is made up of,in which some other buildings/famous places/.Because it is famous for something/someplace,whose unique something special,the tourists from all over the world come to enjoy its scenery.,Lying in the,th
22、e city.It covers a total area of square kilometers with a population of about million.It is a mainly with that have.It is made up of,in which.Because it is famous for,whose unique,the tourists from all over the world come to enjoy its scenery.,院校(工厂和旅馆)写作顺序：1）location所处城市的具体方位2）history何时建立及演变3）staff
23、员工的分类和功能4）sections课程、车间和餐饮特色5）supplement功能、设备和其他软硬件6）feature强项和其独特的研究/产品/功能7）others与外界的交流等,Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.some place,standing 500 metres away from some place,has some sections/staff/,all with some other things.A is and B for.You are
24、advised to do something in advance.serves and there are something A and B for somebody to choose from and you can enjoy yourself at the caf drinking tea or coffee in the evening as well.We also have some other special thing,which is open all day and free of charge.All are welcome!,议论文写作方法,1.不同观点分开写，
25、最好分段写,2.注意连词褒贬搭配，语气恰到好处,3.首段提出事由论点，主体两段摆论 据，叙述理由；,4.尾段必须陈述自己的观点；,5.巧用成语重意义匹配，分数提档次,1.要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1)有一些人认为.2)另一些人认为.3)我的看法.,观点对比型：,这种表述方式主要是将两种不同观点分段陈述，在高考作文题中多以对某件事的讨论或给编辑写信说明对某事调查/讨论的结果等事宜。,The topic of-（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.
26、Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of-（支持的理由一）What is more,-理由二).Moreover,-(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-(反对的理由一).Secondly(besides),-（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),-(理由三).From my point of view,I think-（本人观点）.Th
27、e reason is that-(原因).As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me,the former is surely a wise choice.,阐述主题型：,这类写作形式要求考生从所给的一句话或一个主题出发，并按照写作要求或提纲进行扩展式的递进论述。最后还要讲述自己的观点、看法或认识。,1.首先阐述名言或主题的释义和主旨所在；2.然后例句数例说明其主题或名言所蕴涵的重 要意义并加以充实；3.最后谈论自己对这一主题或名言的看法与认 识。,An old proverb/sa
28、ying-reminds us that-.Indeed,we can learn many things from it.First of all,-(理由一).For example,-(事例说明).Secondly,-(理由二).Anothercase is that-(例说).Furthermore,-(理由三)In my opinion,-.In short,whatever you do,please remember the saying-.If you understand itand apply it to your study or work,youll necessari
29、ly benefit a lot from it.,解决问题型：,这类作文要求考生根据写作要求和所给的问题，先叙述该问题的存在的现状，然后针对这一问题列举出解决问题的多种途径，最后必须写出自己对这些解决问题的措施或手段所产生的重要意义和前景。.先叙述作文要求所提的问题现状.其次考生提出怎样解决问题的方案或措施(最 好列举解决方案的优缺点)；3.最后阐述自己对这些方案或措施的前景和结果。,In recent days,we have to face the problem-A,which is becoming more and more serious.To begin with,-(说明的现
30、状).Besides,-(举例说明现状)Confronted with A,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,-(方案一).For another-(方案二).Finally,-(方案三).Personally,I believe that-(本人看法).Consequently,Im confident that a bright future is awaiting usbecause-(带来的好处).,这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的
31、利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。,陈述利弊型,陈述事物现状对比事物本身的优缺点(或两方面）本人对现状(或前景)的看法或认识,Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally,its advantages can be seen asfollows.First-(的优点之一).Besides-（的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspe
32、cts are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that-(的第一个缺点)To make matters worse,-(的第二个缺点)Through the above analysis,I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore,I would like to-(我的看法)(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A,we
33、should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,-(对前景的预测),1.自始至终贯穿以时间为主线；2.注意连词的准确应用，确保前后 呼应；3.确保每句都有主谓宾结构，一种 时态为主，多为过去时；4.全篇句式讲究长短结合，简单融 复杂。,记叙文写作要领：,看图写话的写作方法,1.以一图两为的方式进行写作2.巧用连词的前后呼应3.叙述事件过程用过去时，谈论自身看法用现在时,力求变换各种句式一般句式 例：He came here at 5 pm.yesterda
34、y.否定句 例：He did not come here until 5 pm.yesterday.倒装句 例：Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday.强调句 例：It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.,多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯表列举：for example,for instance,that is to say表补充：besides,in addition,moreover表对比：on one handon the other hand,in spite of表原因
35、：because of,thanks to,due to,owing to表结果：therefore,thus,as a result,so表结论：to conclude,in a word,in brief,to sum up表转折：however,nevertheless,yet,正确使用连接词We are good friends and we should help each other.(并列连词)As we are good friends，we should help each other.(从属连词)Being good friends，we should help each
36、other.(非谓语动词),写作的“七项基本原则”：,一、写长短句原则：长句位于首尾句，中间夹有短小精悍句；二、有主题句原则：开门见山夺眼球，最忌隐藏主体在文中；三、用一二三原则：讲究顺序有条理，万万不可杂乱无头绪；四、短语优先原则：尽量多使用短语，文章生动增添灵动性；五、多实少虚原则：多实际内容的话，摒弃假大空的无用语；六、多变句式原则：简单并列加复合，切忌一种句型通天下；七、亮剑冲刺原则：独立主格和介短，活灵活现让人眼睛亮。,书面表达并非作文，只是“书面”的“表达”而已，所以只须表述清楚就行。书面表达有四道“工序”，即：1)审题2)草稿3)誊写4)核对,1.审题要用心,英语书面表达试题：多
37、以图画、图表、提纲、文字叙述等形式呈现。不管什么形式呈现，首先，要弄清题目的意图，宁愿多花点时间审题，总比看错题写作跑题强百倍；其次，要确定要点内容，理出写作顺序，规划段落内容分配，全文大致逻辑框架；然后，再考虑关联词选用，套语与常规句型选用。最好在心中有个大致的英语写作架构。,2.草稿要细心,在打草稿整个过程中，应不时观察内容要点，以防要点遗漏。勿以草稿而轻率，草稿也要一丝不苟，这不仅是习惯，而且在誊写过程中还会减少错误。在打草稿时，多问几个为什么。时间顺序是否得当？空间顺序是否得体？时态语态是否一致？关联词的与全文的逻辑关系是否清楚？开头句与结尾部分写的得如何？是否有低级错误等？,3.誊写
38、要小心,在某种意义上说，誊写时还有修改、润色的意思。因此，不要认为只是单纯机械地抄草稿，鉴此，我们应特别小心，认真誊写每一句话，并不断在心中掂量，以求达到完美写作要求。再则，对关键词的选用既要大胆，又要准确生动传神，否则就失去了写难句和用大词的意义。尽管我们不主张全篇充斥难句和较高级词汇，但决不愿意看到全篇没有一个好句子来表达思想的文章。,4.核对要耐心,复核与起草同样重要，甚至更应引起自己关注，因为稍一粗心即会导致大错而失分。复核内容包括以下几点：1)名词问题：数、格、形式、是否需要冠词、代词等。2)动词问题：时态、语态、语气 3)一致：主谓、人称、数 4)形容词副词的等级形式，介词搭配 5)句子是否完整？(是否有漏词、多词、缺主语或谓语等)6)词组或句型是否得体？遣词是否达意？,5.书面表达的写作规范,字:字体一致;黑色字，字迹工整，少 用连笔；字占格2/3大小。分段:最好三段,至少两段。不接给出行 写,另起段,缩进两格,不顶格。版面:整洁、爽目。忌超格，污记，涂黑 等。若须更改，可将错词括起来，再于其上更正。每行11词左右。套语:使用必要套语可使文章更具有英文 味，从而避免汉味的生硬和粗糙。,One cannot succeed without perseverance.,惟有意志强，方能凯旋还。,
