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1、美国名人总统富兰克林德拉诺罗斯福HappyDaysAreHereAgain:FDR,OneofAmericasGreatestPresidentsplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:39repeatByShelleyGollust2005-6-18(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutoneofthegreatestAmericanpresidents,FranklinDelanoRoos
2、evelt.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasoneofthemostinfluentialpresidentsinAmericanhistory.Hewaselectedpresidentfourtimes.Heservedmorethantwelveyears,longerthananyotherpresident.Heledthenationthroughitsworsteconomiccrisis,andthroughoneofitsworstwars.FranklinRooseveltwasfirstelectedpresidenti
3、nnineteenthirty-two.AstheDemocraticcandidate,hedefeatedPresidentHerbertHoover.Americansweresufferingthroughaterribleeconomicdepression.Abouttwenty-fivepercentofAmericanworkershadlosttheirjobs.Theyhadnomoney.Theyhadnohope.Theywaitedinlonglinestoreceivefreefood.Americansdidnotknowifthenewpresidentcoul
4、dendtheeconomiccrisis.VOICETWO:Thenewpresident,FranklinRoosevelt,wasfifty-oneyearsold.HisfamilynamewaswellknowntotheAmericanpublic.TheodoreRoosevelt,adistantrelation,hadbeenpresidentoftheUnitedStatesthirtyyearsbefore.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasbornineighteeneighty-twotoarichandimportantfamilyinHydePa
5、rk,NewYork.HewastheonlychildofJamesandSaraRoosevelt.HismothertriedtocontrolFranklinslifeaslongasshelived.Hisfathermadesurehissonhadthebestofeverything.ButhealsotaughtFranklinthatbeingrichbroughtwithittheresponsibilityofhelpingpeoplewhowerenotsolucky.VOICEONE:FranklinmarriedEleanorRooseveltinnineteen
6、-oh-five.Theyweredistantrelations.Inthenextelevenyears,theyhadsixchildren.Innineteenten,MisterRooseveltwaselectedtotheNewYorkstatelegislature.Heshowedhehadgreatpoliticalskillsasastatesenator.HisnextjobwasinthefederalgovernmentasassistantsecretaryofthenavyunderPresidentWoodrowWilson.Theninnineteentwe
7、nty,hewastheDemocraticPartysunsuccessfulcandidateforvicepresident.VOICETWO:Innineteentwenty-one,FranklinRooseveltsufferedapersonaltragedy.Hewaswithhisfamilyattheirsummerhome.Hebeganfeelingverytired.Thenhefeltseverepaininhisbackandlegs.Hecouldnotmove.Forweeks,hewasforcedtolieonhisback.Hisdoctorsdisco
8、veredthathewasavictimofthedisablingdiseasepolio.Helosttheuseofhislegs.FranklinRooseveltwasthirty-nineyearsold.Hehadalwaysbeenanactivemanwholovedsports.Butnowhewouldneverwalkagainwithouthelp.VOICEONE:ManyAmericansthoughtthesicknesswouldendFranklinRooseveltspoliticaldreams.Buttheywerewrong.Heshowedani
9、nnerstrengththatpeoplerespected.HewaselectedgovernorofNewYorkstateinnineteentwenty-eightandre-electedtwoyearslater.FranklinRooseveltalwaysappearedstrongandfriendlyinpublic.Helovedtolaughandenjoylife.Buthisfriendlyfacehidastrongwill.Throughouthislife,MisterRooseveltworkedhardtoimprovelifeforthecommon
10、man.Hebelievedgovernmenthadthepowerandresponsibilitytoimprovethelivesofitscitizens.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Thatmusic,HappyDaysAreHereAgain/wasplayedduringFranklinRooseveltspresidentialcampaigninnineteenthirty-two.Alargemajorityofvotersdecidedthatmaybehecouldmakethatsongcometrue.OnInaugurationDayinnineteenth
11、irty-three,thenationwaitedtohearwhatthenewpresidentwouldsayabouttheeconomicfutureoftheircountry.Thisiswhathesaid:PRESIDENTROOSEVELT:Thisgreatnationwillendureasithasendured,willreviveandwillprosper.So,firstofall,letmeassertmyfirmbeliefthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.VOICEONE:PresidentRooseve
12、ltpromisedtoendtheDepression.HepromisedtoputAmericansbacktowork.Hesaidthefederalgovernmentwouldtakeanactivepartincreatingjobs.Duringthenextthreemonths,heledCongressinpassingmoremajornewprogramsthanthenationhadseenformanyyears.PresidentRooseveltcalledhisreformprogramTheNewDeal.Thesearesomeoftheprogra
13、mscreatedduringthistime:ANationalRecoveryAdministrationallowedcompaniestocooperatetoincreaseproduction.AWorksProgressAdministrationprovidedjobsforunemployedworkers.ACivilianConservationCorpsputyoungmentoworkprotectingthenationsnaturalresources.TheTennesseeValleyAuthoritybuiltdams,clearedrivers,expan
14、dedforestsandprovidedelectricityinthesoutheasternpartofthecountry.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-five,CongresspassedtwolawsthatwouldchangethelivesofworkingAmericansforyearstocome.TheNationalLaborRelationsActstrengthenedtherightsofworkersandgavemorepowertolaborunions.TheSocialSecurityActcreatedafederalsys
15、temtoprovidemoneyforworkersaftertheyretired.FranklinRooseveltbecameoneofthemostlovedandmosthatedpresidentsinthehistoryofthecountry.ThemajorityofAmericansbelievedhewastryingtosavethecountryandprotectcommonpeople.Opponentschargedhewasgivingthefederalgovernmenttoomuchpoweranddestroyingprivatebusinesses
16、.VOICEONE:FranklinRoosevelttriedtoestablishacloserelationshipwiththeAmericanpeople.Hebecameknownbythefirstlettersofhisfullname-FDR.HetalkedtotheAmericanpeoplebyradiotoexplainwhatactionswerebeingtakenandwhatheplannedforthefuture.Theseradiobroadcastshelpedhimgainwidespreadsupportforhisprograms.Preside
17、ntRooseveltranforre-electioninnineteenthirty-six.HedefeatedtheRepublicancandidateAlfredLandonbyoneofthelargestmajoritiesinthenationshistory.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inthelatenineteenthirties,anothercrisiswasgrowingmoreseriouseveryday.AdolfHitlerandhisNazipartyinGermanythreatenedcentralEurope.Japaneseforcesca
18、rriedoutnewaggressioninAsiaandthePacificarea.FDRwarnedAmericansthatavictorybytheseforceswouldthreatendemocracyeverywhereintheworld.WorldWarTwobeganinnineteenthirty-ninewhenGermanyinvadedPoland.AmericanshopedBritain,FranceandtheotherAlliedpowerswoulddefeatNaziGermanyandFascistItaly.YetCongresspasseda
19、lawdeclaringtheUnitedStateswouldremainneutral.VOICEONE:FDRwasre-electedinnineteenforty.HewastheonlypresidenttowinathirdtermintheWhiteHouse.OnDecemberseventh,nineteenforty-one,JapaneseplanesattackedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor;Hawaii.TheUnitedStateswasforcedtoenterthewar.PresidentRooseveltcooper
20、atedcloselywithBritishPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchillinthewareffort.HediscussedwareffortswithSovietPremierJosephStalin.VOICETWO:FDRwasre-electedpresidentforthefourthtimeinnineteenforty-four.MostAmericansbelievedthecountryshouldnotchangeitsleaderinthemiddleofawar.Whenhewasswornin,PresidentRooseveltsspe
21、echlastedonlysixminutes.HedeclaredthatAmericahadlearnedthatwecannotlivealoneatpeace,thatourownwell-beingisdependentonthewell-beingofnationsfaraway.PresidentRooseveltdidnotlivetoseethevictoryoftheAlliesandtheendofWorldWarTwo.Hediedlessthanthreemonthslater;onApriltwelfth,nineteenforty-five,inWarmSprin
22、gs,Georgia.VOICEONE:WinstonChurchillwroteaboutthedayheheardthenewsofthedeathofhisclosefriend:IfeltasifIhadbeenstruckwithaphysicalblow.Myrelationswiththisshiningmanhadplayedsolargeapartinthelong,terribleyearswehadworkedtogether.Nowthathadcometoanend.AndIwasoverpoweredbyasenseofdeepandpermanentloss.Mi
23、llionsofpeoplearoundtheworldjoinedWinstonChurchillinmourningthedeathofAmericasthirty-secondpresident,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekwhenwetellaboutFranklinRooseveltswife,EleanorRooseveltzonPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
