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1、美国总统36杰拉尔德福特GeraldFord:Unelectedplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00repeatByKellyJeanKelly19November,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutGeraldFord.Fordwasthe38thpresident,buthewasneverelectedtotheposition.GeraldFordofficialpresidentialportraitbyDavidHumeKennerlyInstead,anun
2、usualseriesofeventsbroughthimthere.ManyhistorianshavedescribedFordasagoodmanfacingadifficultsituation.Hetriedtofixatroubledeconomy,endUnitedStatesinvolvementinVietnam,andshowpeoplethattheU.S.governmentcouldcontinuetooperateafteracrisis.CriticsfromthetwomainpoliticalpartieshadproblemswithFordsefforts
3、.Andvotersdidnotelecthimpresidentwhentheyhadthechancein1976.ButheisrememberedinAmericanhistoryformakingmanyvotersfeelbetterabouttheirelectedofficials.EarlylifeWhenhewasbornzthefuturepresidentwasgivenhisfathersname:LeslieLynchKing.Buttheboysfatherwasabusive.Hismotherseparatedfromhimashorttimeafterthe
4、irsonwasborn.Sheaskedacourtforpermissiontocanceltheirmarriage.Herrequestwasquicklyapproved.SheandtheboymovedfromtheMidwesternstateofNebraskatoMichigan.Inafewyears,themothermarriedamannamedGeraldFord.Thecouplehadthreesonstogether.Thenewfamilywaswarmandloving.Intime,theoldestboyofficiallytookhisstep-f
5、athersnameandbecameGeraldRudolphFordzJunior.HewascalledJerryforshort.GrowingupzJerryFordwasawell-likedpersonandagoodstudent.Hewasalsoatopfootballplayer.HewasnamedthemostvaluableplayeronhisteamattheUniversityofMichigan.Afterfinishingcollege,hewasofferedworkwithprofessionalfootballteams.ButFordwantedt
6、ocontinuehiseducationinstead.HeacceptedcoachingpositionsforthefootballandboxingteamsatYaleUniversityinConnecticut.Intime,heattendedthelawschoolthere.Fordspathtopoliticswassimilartothatofotherpresidentsduringthatperiod.Heworkedatalawofficeinhishomestate.HefoughtinWorldWarII.Hemarried.FordswifewasEliz
7、abethBloomer.HerfriendscalledherBetty.Shehadbeenadancerandworkedasafashionmodel.TheFordswentontohavefourchildren.WhenGeraldFordwas35yearsold,helaunchedhispoliticalcareer.TheRepublicanPartychosehimasitscandidateforaseatintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives.FordwaselectedtorepresenthishomeareaofGrandRapids,
8、Michigan.Butunlikemanyotherpoliticians,hedidnotmoveontotheSenateorbecomegovernorofastate.Instead,hestayedintheHouseofRepresentativesfor25years.Thejobofcongressmanwas,inmanyways,agoodchoiceforFord.Hewaswell-likedbymanyvotersandotherlawmakers.Hecouldhelpdifferentgroupscometoagreement.Hetookincreasingl
9、yimportantpositionsonpoliticalissues,andintimebecamethetoppersoninhispartyintheHouse.FordwasastrongsupporterofRepublicanpresidents.Inthe1968election,FordadvocatedforRichardNixon.FordlikedNixonsplansfortheUnitedStates,aswellashiseffortstoimproverelationswithChinaandtheSovietUnion.BothFordandNixonwere
10、re-electedtotheirpositionsin1972.Butbythen,majorproblemshadcometolightinNixonsadministration.AnunusualpathtotheWhiteHouseOneproblemintheearly1970srelatedtoNixonsvicepresident,SpiroAgnew.Agnewhadbeenvicepresidentsince1969.Fiveyearslater,officialsfoundevidencethathehadacceptedmoneyfromcontractors,both
11、whileMarylandsgovernorandasvicepresident.Inanswer,Agnewresignedfromthevicepresidency.ComediansoftenportrayedFordasclumsy.ButFordwasanaccomplishedathletewhoenjoyedgolfzswimming,andskiing.Hereheisasacongressman,holdinganawardfromSportsIllustratedmagazine.Normally,voterselectavicepresidentalongwithapre
12、sidenteveryfouryears.Butbycoincidence,theU.S.Constitutionhadrecentlybeenupdatedtosaywhathappensifthecountryneedsavicepresidentunexpectedly.Itstatesthatthepresidenthastonominatesomeonefortheposition.Then,amajorityoflawmakersinCongressmustagree.So,in1973,NixonnominatedGeraldFordtotakeAgnewsposition.Ni
13、xonwasnotespeciallyclosetoFord.But,heknewamajorityOflawmakerswouldlikelyaccepthimasvicepresident.Theydid.However,Forddidnotserveinthepositionlong.Ineightmonths,anotherunexpectedeventputhimintheOvalOffice.PresidencyInAugust1974zPresidentRichardNixonresignedfromoffice.Hewasthefirstpresidenttodoso.Asar
14、esult,thevicepresident,GeraldFordzbecamepresident.Fordwassworn-inaspresidentonAugust9z1974.Thenhespoketothenationontelevision.Hesaid,MyfellowAmericans,ourlongnationalnightmareisover.Hetoldpeople,OurConstitutionworks.Ourgreatrepublicisagovernmentoflawsandnotmen.Thepublichadunderstandablylostagooddeal
15、offaithingovernmentofficials,andespeciallyinRichardNixon.Fordwantedtore-establishtheirtrust.Butafewweeksaftertakingoffice,FordusedhispresidentialpowerstopardonNixon.ThepardonmeantthatNixonwouldneverfaceacriminaltrialor,iffoundguilty,punishmentforhisactions.FordsaidhebelievedpardoningNixonwouldhelpAm
16、ericansbegintorecoverfromtheirpainfulexperiencewiththeformerpresident.Butinstead,themoveangeredmanypeople.TheybelievedthatNixonshouldbeheldresponsible.TheyalsolostsomeoftheirtrustinFord.Inadditiontothesepoliticaltroubles,Fordfacedotherdifficultissues.TheAmericaneconomywasstruggling.Hisadministration
17、hadtodealwithunemployment,inflationandthelastingeffectsofanenergycrisis.ThehighpriceofoilimportscameatatimewhenAmericanswereusingmoreandmoregasoline.Fordtookstepsaimedatimprovingtheeconomy.Butcriticssaidhewasnotconsistent.Somecriticizedhimforincreasinggovernmentspendingandcuttingtaxes;otherscriticiz
18、edhimforreducinggovernmentspendingandraisingtaxes.FordalsooversawthewithdrawalofAmericansfromVietnam.AnearlieragreementhadbroughtaceasefiretogroupsinSouthVietnam,NorthVietnam,andCommunistforces.TheU.S.officiallywithdrewitscombattroopsin1973.Butthefightingrestarted.FordaskedCongresstoapprovemilitarya
19、ndhumanitarianaidforthearea.ButU.S.lawmakersdidnotapprovethefullamount.Andintime,theycutmilitaryaid.In1975zCommunistforcesbegantotakecontrolofSaigon,thecapitalofSouthVietnam.FordorderedallremainingAmericansinthecountrytoleave,alongwithanySouthVietnamesewhowereconnectedtotheUnitedStates.Hesaidthat,as
20、farasAmericanswereconcerned,theVietnamWarwasfinished.AmericansdidnotappeartoblameFordforthetroublingendofthecountrysinvolvementinVietnam.Andsomerecognizedthatthecountryseconomicandenergyproblemshadstartedlongbeforehebecamepresident.But,ingeneral,ForddidnothavethesupportofCongress.Andmanyvotersdidnot
21、forgivehimforpardoningNixon.In1976zFordofficiallycampaignedforpresidentforthefirsttime.HewonhispartysnominationinacloseraceagainstRonaldReaganztheformergovernorofCalifornia.ButhelostthegeneralelectiontotheDemocraticcandidate,whosaidoneofhisbestqualitieswasthathedidnothaveexperienceinthefederalgovern
22、ment.Theargumentappearedpersuasivetomanyvoters,whostilldidnotappeartobeenthusiasticaboutthegovernment.Inthe1976election,nearlyhalfofallpeoplewhowerelegallyabletovotechosenotto.Fordleftthepresidencygraciously.Hesaidthat,becausehehadnotplannedtobepresident,hewasthankfulfortheunexpectedopportunity.Pres
23、identGeraldFordandFirstLadyBettyFordcelebratewinningtheRepublicannominationin1976.1.egacyAlthoughFordsaidhewasreadytoretirefrompolitics,hecontinuedtobeactiveinpubliclife.Headvisedothersongovernmentaffairs,publishedbooks,andsatonboardsandcommittees.Hiswife,BettyFord,alsoleftalastingeffectonthepublic.
24、Asfirstlady,shehadspokenaboutherexperiencewithbreastcancer.Afterherhusbandleftthepresidency,shealsospokeopenlyaboutherbattlewithalcoholanddrugabuse.In1982zBettyFordco-foundedtheBettyFordCenterinCaliforniatohelppeoplegettreatmentfordrugaddiction.Sheannouncedherhusbandsdeathin2006.GeraldForddiedofhear
25、tdiseaseattheageof93.Bythattime,mostthepublichadacceptedthatoneofFordsbiggestachievementswastohelpthecountryrecoverafterNixonresigned.PresidentBillClintongaveFordaPresidentialMedalofFreedomforhisefforts.AndevenJimmyCarter,whobeatFordinthe1976presidentialelection,beganhisinaugurationspeechbythankingF
26、ord.Cartersaid,FormyselfandforourNation,Iwanttothankmypredecessorforallhehasdonetohealourland.,mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStoryprofessional-adj.paidtoparticipateinasportoractivityadvocate-v.tosupportorargueforcontractor-n.apersonw
27、hoishiredtoperformworkortoprovidegoodsatacertainpriceorwithinacertaintimecoincidence-n.asituationinwhicheventshappenatthesametimeinawaythatisnotplannedorexpectedresponsible-adj.usedtodescribethepersonorthingthatcausessomethingtohappenconsistent-adj.alwaysactingorbehavinginthesamewayenthusiastic-adj.feelingorshowingstrongexcitementaboutsomethinggraciously-adv.inawaythatisverypoliteandshowsrespectachievement-n.somethingthathasbeendoneorachievedthrougheffort:aresultofhardwork
