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1、小学英语完形填空解题技巧指导与练习第一讲：完形填空解题指导完形填空是考常见的一种题型，这种题被专家称为障碍性阅读，也是小学生最为棘手的题型之一。它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成空格，要求在给出的对应的备选答案中，选出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。它既考查对语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力，甚至有时还考察对时事政治等的关注。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。很多孩子反应英语的完形填空题很难，其实只要掌握一些解题方法，做这类题目就不难了。下面是
2、对完形填空题的解题指导，希望对同学们有帮助。方法一：重视首句获信息重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。例题1.Atourschool,wesometimeshaveaspecialdaytohelpothers.Lastyearwewenttoanoldpcople,s1andsangsongsandperformedaplayfor2.Theoldpeoplewerevery3.Weshouldbeallowedtotaketimetodothingslikethatmoreo
3、ften.Forexample,weshould4primaryschoolsandhelp5youngstudents.Iwanttobeateacher6Imoldersoitwouldbeagreatexperienceforme.Otherstudentswouldliketodootherjobs.Forexample,myfriendTianGewantsto7foranewspaper.Sheshouldbeallowedtovolunteeratthenewspaperofficeonceaweek.()1.A.homeB.bankC.shopD.river()2.A.usB.
4、themC.himD.her()3.A.greatB.angryC.smartD.happy()4.A.buyB.haveC.visitD.build()5.A.tellB.askC.teachD.find()6.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why()7.A.writeB.waitC.lookD.pay首句Atourschoolwesometimeshaveaspecialdaytohelpothers.有提纲挈领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就是帮助别人献爱心的日子。有助于我们理解全文。甚至让我们毫不犹豫地确认1空应添单词home.(Keys：LA2.B
5、3.D4.C5.C6.B7.A)方法二：通读全文知大意例题2.Mr.Johnsonhadafactory.Heonce1onTVthatanimalscouldbetaughtto2someworkforpeopleiftheyweregiven3toeat.Helovedtheidea.Hethoughtitwouldbe4tohaveadoglookafterhis5andanelephantdosomeheavyjobs6hisfactory.Heboughtadog7anelephantinthemarketanddecidedtoteachthemtodosomeworkforhim
6、.Ofcourse,he8boughtalotoffdforthem.Severalmonthslater,thedogandtheelephant9fatterandfatter,butthey10doanyworkforhim.Atlast,Mr.Johnsonhadtogiveup.()1.A.sawB.askedC.met()2.A.makeB.doC.let()3.A.someoneB.nothingC.something()4.A.badB.goodC.late()5.A.houseB.shirtC.eyes()6.A.inB.aboveC.under()7.A.butB.orC.
7、and()8.A.alsoB.neverC.yet()9.A.smeltB.soundedC.became()10.A.mustntB.couldn,tC.shouldn,t运用“跳读”或“边读边猜”等技巧把握中心大意。短文的中心直接影响故事情节的发展，决定着各小题选项该如何确定。通过一到两遍的阅读，有些小题答案会在我们的脑海里浮现，比如2空填do,3空填Something或food,5空填home或house或hisfactory,7空填and等等。注此时不要急于确定答案！(Keys：1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.C10.B)方法三：复读全文验答案把填充后的短文反复阅读
8、一两遍(甚至多遍)，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。注很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是：顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找。顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。猜想试题阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。彳列题3.MysonJoeywasbomwithclubfeet.Thedoctorssa
9、idthatwithtreatmenthewouldbeabletowalk,butwouldneverrunverywell.Thefirstthreeyearsofhislifewas1inhospital.Bythetimehewaseight,youwouldntknowhehasaproblemwhenyousawhim2.Childreninourneighborhoodalwaysranaround3theirplayandJoeywouldjumpandranandplay,4.Wenevertoldhimthatheprobablywouldntbe5torunlikethe
10、otherchildren.Sohedidntknow.In6gradehedecidedtojointheschoolrunningteam.Everydayhetrained.Heranmorethananyoftheothers,7onlythetopsevenrunnerswouldbechosentorunforthe8.Wedidn,ttellhimheprobablywouldnevermaketheteam,sohedidn,tknow.Heranfourtofivemileeveryday-evenwhenhehadafever.Iwas9,soIwentto10forhim
11、afterschool.Ifoundhimrunning.Iaskedhimhowhefelt.Okay,hesaid.Hehastwomoremilestogo.Yethelookedstraightaheadandkeptrunning.()1.A.spentB.takenC.costD.paid()2.A.talkB.sitC.studyD.walk()3.A.afterB.beforeC.duringD.till()4.A.eitherB.tooC.thoughD.yet()5.A.ableB.sorryC.gladD.afraid()6.A.sixthB.seventhC.eight
12、hD.ninth()7.A.soB.ifC.thenD.because()8.A.neighborB.familyC.schoolD.grade()9.A.excitedB.tiredC.pleasedD.worried()10.A.thinkB.hearC.agreeD.look(Keys：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A6.B7.D8.C9.D10.D)方法四：全面考虑定选项整体理解短文、把握中心并根据文中线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等)由易到难地做出选择。注不要试图从头至尾地去解答完形填空题。有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明确的提示，甚至原封
13、不动地重现。例题4.ShirleyYeatsiscertainlyaverybravewoman!Attheageofsixty-seven,she1totakeatriproundtheCOaSt(海岸)ofMalaysia.Everythingwasfine2oneday,asshewasgoingbacktoherrmonthe3,shesawsmokecomingoutofanotherroom.She4thecaptainfromherrmatonceandtoldhimaboutthefire.Thenshewentupondeck(甲板)tosee5shecoulddotohel
14、p.ThefireSPread(蔓延)veryquicklyandsoon6_wascompletelyoutofcontrol.Thecaptaindecidedtogetallthepassengersoutas_aspossible.()1.A.stoppedB.usedC.hadD.decided()2.A.sinceB.afterC.untilD.before()3.A.wayB.shipC.landD.road()4.A.phonedB.toldC.askedD.ordered()5.A.ifB.howC.whatD.where()6.A.sheB.heC.thatD.it()7.
15、A.quicklyB.muchC.wellD.usually1 .由上下文可知她决定去旅游，decidedtodosth.意为“决定做某事”。2 .根据下文可知直到火灾发生的那一天情况一切正常。3 .从下文的CaPtain,deck,可确定她是乘船去旅游。4 .由下文的fromherroom可知她马上打电话将情况告诉了船长。5 .根据上下文可知她走上甲板去看看能不能帮忙做点儿什么。6 .由上文的Thefirespreadveryquickly,可知大火无法控制了。7 .asquicklyas意为尽快地”(Keys：1.D2.C3.B4.A5.C6.D7.A)习题专练一ADearBetty,Ho
16、wareyou?It,sveryniceofyoutowrite1me.2yourletterIknowalot3youandyourschoolnow.Iwilltellyou4aboutmeandmyschool.Iameleven5old.min6atJinlingPrimarySchool.Mymotherisa7.SheteachesMaths.Myfatherisan8.He,sgdathiswork.There91500studentsand100teachersinourschool.Ourclassroomisbigandbright.Pleasecomeandhavealo
17、ok10ourschoolifyouhavetime.Yours,Susan()1.A.forB.toC.fromD.in()2.A.ForB.TbC.FromD.About()3.A.inB.aboutC.withD.at()4.A.somethingB.anythingC.sometimesD.someone()5.A.yearB./C.yearsD.age()6.A.Grandfive;ClassThreeB.Grandfive;ClassthreeC.Classthree;GrandfiveD.ClassThree;GrandFive()7.A.studentB.teacherC.do
18、ctorD.worker()8.A.farmerB.teacherC.doctorD.engineer()9.A.amB.isC.areD.be()10.A.atB.aboutC.inD.on【答案】15BCBAC610DBDCAThisisourclassroom.Itisnotbig.Butitisnice.Thewallsare1andthedesksandchairsarenew.Onthewallisa2andwecanfindBeijing,ShanghaiandHangzhouonit.Therearesome_3_ontheteachersdesk,theyareforour4
19、,MissGao.MissGaoisaverygoodteacherandwealllikeher.Iamon5today.Icometoschoolearly.1hopemyteacher6herbooks,maps,andpicturesonher7.1tellmyteachereveryoneishere.ButIam8.LiuMeiisnotat9.1dontknow10sheis.ButIthinksheisathome.()1.A.oldB.dirtyC.While()2.A.mapB.clockC.kite()3.A.gamesB.flowersC.lights()4.A.fri
20、endB.motherC.teacher()5.A.dutyB.turnC.time()6.A.giveB.putC.find()7.A.deskB.chairC.floor()8.A.goodB.rightC.wrong()9.A.homeB.schlC.table()10.A.whereB.whichC.what【答案】-5CABCA6-10BACBACMr.whitehasasmallshopinthemiddleofour1,andhesellspicturesinit.Theyarenot2ones,butsomeofthemarequitenice.LastSaturdayawom
21、ancameintotheshopandIkedatalotpictures.Thenshe3Mr.whitetooneofthemandsaid,How4doyouwantforthisone?Itwasapictureofhorsesinafield.Mr.whitelookedatitfor5secondsandthenwentandbroughthisbook.Heopenedit,lookedatthefirst6andthensaid,Iwanttwentypoundsforthatone.Thewomanclosedher7foramomentandthensaid,Icangi
22、veyoutwopoundsforit.,Twopound?Mr.whitesaid8,.Twopounds?Butthecanvas(三i)costs9twopounds.,Oh,butitwas10then.thewomansaid.()1.A.roadB.parkC.riverD.town()2.A.expensiveB.cheapC.goodD.true()3.A.broughtB.hadC.tookD.wanted()4.A.moneyB.manyC.muchD.number()5.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle()6.A.copyB.pageC.sente
23、nceD.word()7.A.pocketB.handsC.mouthD.eyes()8.A.happilyB.angrilyC.friendlyD.quietly()9.A.fewerthanB.lessthanC.morethanD.moreorless()10.A.whiteB.cleanC.usefulD.beautiful【答案】15DAACB610BDBCB第二讲：完形填空短文填缺词解答技巧短文填缺词也是完形填空的另一种题型。首先必须通览全文，把握大意通览全文目的是抓住文章的大意，了解全文的结构和基本内容，为下一步正确填写答案奠定基础。学生只有在通览全文之后，才会成竹在胸，能够更快
24、更准确地找出答案来。抓住第一句，预测下一句文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句，或是含有主题词的句子。所以，学生往往可以根据第一句话来把握文章或者段落的中心思想，为下面的答题奠定基础。短文填缺词通过保留一定数量的词语，使学生获得必要的信息和知识。所以，某些题供答题信息的关键词会多次反复地出现，我们把这样的关键词称为信息词，所以要好好把握，挑出信息词。同时凭借自己掌握的语法知识和一般的常识，兼顾人称、性别、单复数、语法和时态等等语法的因素，从语法的结构方面考虑答案。细心检查，避免疏漏全部答案填写结束后，文章完整了，应再从头至尾读一遍。这也是最关键的一点，这就要求细
25、心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方来调整答案。联系实际，攻克难关初始答案结束后，学生如果对自己填写的答案还不十分有把握，或留下一些模棱两可的题和难题没有做完，这时，应快速再读短文，联系前后文内容，理清短文故事情节，结合日常知识判断出“未知题”的答案。练习1.ThisisLucyandthatisLily.Theyaretwins.Theylook.Theyare2.Theyarenewstudentsin3class.Theyare4GradeOne.Jimcan5them.Theyarenew6TheygototheShOP（商店）.Theywouldlikesomething7and
26、drink.Lucywouldlike8somebread.Lilywouldlike9abottleof10.Jimwouldlikesomeapples.答案：1. B固定词组lookthesame意为“看起来很像2. BLUCy和LiIy为女孩名又是双胞胎，所以她们应是姐妹关系。3. C名词加“s”表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。4. C表示在哪个年级，班级用介词in.5. BIookafter意为“照顾，照看，IoOklike意为“看起来像”,IoOkat意为“看”look意为“看”。6. C本句是说Jim和双胞胎两个是好朋友。7. Bsomethingtoeat意为“一些吃的东西。so
27、methingtodrink表示“一些喝的东西，两者均为不定式作定语时放在所修饰词的后面。8. BWOUkiIike后面接不定式,即：wouldliketodosth.意为“想要干某事。”9. Aeat表示“吃”，drink表示“喝10. A瓶子装的应是桔汁而不是桔子。Orange作“桔汁”讲时，为不可数名词，前面不可用不定冠词修饰，也不能加s.练习2.My1isAnn.Mr.ReadinmyfatherandIamhis2MyfatherisanEnglishman3mymotherisaJapanese.Ihavea4.HisnameisTomandwestudyin5middlescho
28、ol,butindifferentgrades.We67seven8and9backhomeafterschoolintheafternoon.Wehave10friends.WeloveChina.答案：1. A名词一般不同时与冠词和形容词性物主代词连用。本题原文中已有物主代词my,故选项中C、D不对，又因空后接is暗示前面主语为单数。且名字习惯上是单数，故B表达有误。2. A本题主要考查人物之间的身份关系。由father得出后应接相应的daughter或son,又因Ann为女孩名，故应用daughter,即A选项。3. C根据句意“我爸爸是英国人，我妈妈是日本人。”可以判定两句话之间为转折
29、关系，应转折连词but,即C选项。4. D根据上下文中的his,Tom等词可以判定应为男孩。四选项中只有brolher含有此意，故选D。5. Blsame与differenl的区别用法，same后所修饰名词应为单数，different后所修饰名词应为复数。本题后为单数名词，故C、D表达不符本题。再者此处“中学”一词应为特指，故B选项符合题目要求，为正确答案。6. A本题主要考查动词短语“上学”和“回家”的英文表达。B、D两选项本身表达有误，再根据句意得出此外应为“上学”之意，故A选项为正确答案。7. Aat与具体的时间连用。8. A本题主要考查对动作发生先后顺序的理解。因后有intheafte
30、rnoon相对应，又根据句意,故判定答案为inthemorning.即A选项。D选面虽表意正确，但不符合英语介词用法。9. C本题主要考查动词短语“同家”的表达法。根据句意此处应用“P1家”之意，四选项中C表达正确，故选择C选项。gobackhome为常用法，要牢记。10. D本题主要考查名词的问题。当表示量的和表示性质的形容词同时修饰名词时，常将表示量的放在前面，故A、B选项不正确；又因后有复数名词friends,故不应用表示单数的冠词a,故选择D选项。习题专练二My1isLinTao.ma_2_boy.mtwelve.m3Shenyang.Shenyangisabigcity.minNo.
31、10MiddleSchool._4schoolisaverygoodoneinShenyang.minClass5,Grade1.Thereare52students,275and25boys.MsHelenisourEnglishteacher.6isfromAmerica.Sheisnicetome.IlikeEnglishverymuchandmgoodatit.WangYangisgoodatEnglish,_7_.Wearegd8.Myfatheris9Englishteacher.MymotherisaChineseteacher.MymotherandI10inthesamesc
32、hool.Weloveourschool.()1.AemailBaddress(地址)CnameDnumber()2.AChinaBAmericanCEnglishDChinese()3.AfromBatConDto()4.ATheirBYouCMineDOur()5.AboysBgirlsCwomenDmen()6.AHeBSheCTheyDYou()7.AalsoBeitherCsoDtoo()8.AworkerBteachersCparentsDfriends()9.AtheBaCanD/()10.AareBisCamDbe【答案】1-5CDADB6-10BDDCAMy1isLinTao
33、.ma2boy.mtwelve.m3Shenyang.Shenyangisabigcity.minNo.10MiddleSchool.4schoolisaverygoodoneinShenyang.minClass5,Grade1.Thereare52students,275and25boys.MsHelenisourEnglishteacher.6isfromAmerica.Sheisnicetome.IlikeEnglishverymuchandmgoodatit.WangYangisgoodatEnglish,7.Wearegood8.Myfatheris9_Englishteacher
34、.MymotherisaChineseteacher.MymotherandI10inthesameschool.Weloveourschool.()1.A.emailB.address(t)C.nameD.number()2.A.ChinaB.AmericanC.EnglishD.Chinese()3.A.fromB.atC.onD.to()4.A.TheirB.YouC.MineD.Our()5.A.boysB.girlsC.womenD.men()6.A.HeB.SheC.TheyD.You()7.A.alsoB.eitherC.soD.too()8.A.workerB.teachers
35、C.parentsD.friends()9.A.theB.aC.anD./()10.A.areB.isC.amD.be【答案】1-5CDADB6-10BDDCACTheAmericansweregettingreadytosendtheirfirstmantothemoon,andanoldIriShman(爱尔兰人)waswatchingthemonthetelevisioninthebarofahotel.TherewasanEnglishmaninthebar,too,andhe1theIrishman,“The2areveryclever,arentthey?Theyaregoing-
36、3_somementothemoon.Itisalong4fromIheworld.“Oh,thats5,theIrishmanansweredquickly.,TheIrisharegoingtosendsomementothesuninafewmonths.That,s6awayfromthemoon,youknow.,tYes,itis.TheEnglishmansaid,tt7itistoo8forthepeopletogoto”TheIrishmanlaughedandSaid,Well,theIrisharen,tstupid.Youknow,we9gotothesunduring
37、theday;ofcourse,wewillgothere10，()1.AsaidtoB.toldC.talktoD.spoketo()2.A.EnglishmenB.AmericanC.IrishD.Frenchmen()3.A.toreachB.tosendC.togiveD.torest()4.A.timeB.streetC.roadD.way()5.A.goodB.niceC.trueD.nothing()6A.longB.farC.furtherD.muchfarther()7.A.andB.butC.orD.because()8.A.hotB.warmC.coldD.cool()9
38、.A.don,tB.cantC.wontD.mustnt()10.A.inthemorningB.intheaftemoonC.onMondayD.duringthenight【答案】I-5ABBDD6-10DBACD第三讲：升学挑战练习1.InourclassroomyoucanseethereisaJ_ofaparkontheback(后面的)wall.Youcanalsoseemanychildren2thepark.Thereisariverinit.Neartherivertherearenot3.buttherearemanytrees.Many4aresinginginthem.
39、Nearthetreestherearesomeoldmen.Theyaresittingatatable.Theyare5teaandtalking.Therearetwogirlsoverthere.They6newblouses.Theyaretalkingneartheriver.Wecanalsoseetwoboatsinthepicture.Oneis7butin8boattherearemanychildren.Arethereanyyoungmeninthe9?Letmesee,therearesome.Theyareswimmingnow.Whataretheboysdoin
40、g?Theyare10footballthere.()1.A.mapB.clothesC.lakeD.picture()2.A.ofB.onC.inD.under()3.A.flowersB.flowerC.anyflowersD.someflowers()4.A.catsB.applesC.dogsD.birds()5.A.drinkB.eatC.eatingD.drinking()6.A.putonB.wearingonC.arewearingD.areputtingon()7.A.fullB.emptyC.bigD.small()8.A.theotherB.othersC.another
41、D.other()9.A.riverB.basketC.bagD.box()10.A.playingB.playingtheC.playD.playthe答案：1. Dapictureofapark意为“一幅公园的画。”2. Cintheparko意为“在公园里。”3. Cany用于否定句或疑问句。Some用于肯定句。4. D能够在树上唱歌的应是鸟，而不是其它三项猫、苹果、狗。5. D表示喝茶用drink,不用eat。另外，and前后的谓语动词形式要一致，所以drink要加-ing,构成现在进行时。6. CWear是“穿着”，“戴着”，强调状态，用现在进行时表示此刻的状态。Puton是“穿上”
42、、“戴上”，强调动作。7. B根据下文在另一只船里有许多孩子们表转折关系，说明本句应是一只船是空的。8. A表示两者范围之内“一个是，另一个是,ffloneis,theotheris.9. A下文说有一些人在游泳，说明本句应问在河里有一些年轻人吗？10. A球类运动前不要冠词练习2.Itisevening,1oldCoCk(公鸡)is2ina(alltree.Afoxcomestothetreeandlooksatthecock.fctHello,Mr.COCk,Ihavesomegoodnewsforyou.,saysthefox.“Oh?,saysthecock.uWhatisit?”44
43、AIltheanimals3goodfriendsnow.Lefs4friends,too.Pleasecomedownandplay5me.“Fine!”saysthecock.ttmverygladtohearthat.,Thenhelooksup.44Look!Thereissomethingoverthere,v“6areyoulookingat?”asksthefox.“Oh,Iseesomeanimalsoverthere.7comingthisway.,ttAnimals?tYes.Oh,they,redogs,vuWhat?Dogs!”asksthefox.uWeII.well
44、,I8now.Goodbye.,ttWait,Mr.Fox,saysthecock,u9go.Theyareonlydogs.Anddogsareourfriendsnow.”tYes.Butthey10thatyet.“Isee,Isee,saysthecock.Hesmilesandgoestosleepinthetree.()1.A.theB.anC.aD.X()2.A.sitB.sitsC.sittingD.siting()3.A.isB.amC.areD.be()4.A.areB.beC.isD.am()5.A.andB.toC.forD.with()6.A.WhatB.HowC.WhoseD.Where()7.A.HeisB.TheyareC.SheisD.Itis()8.A.musttogoB.mustgoC.mustgoingD.musttogoing()9.A.No.B.NotC.Don,tD.Doesn,t()10.A.aren,tknowB.doesn,tknowC.don,tknowD.isn,tknow答案：1.Ban用在发元音音素开头的单词前。2. C横线前已有is,故选Silting构成现在进行时，它的结构是：主语+be+动词的现在分词+其它。Sit的现在分词要双写
