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1、非遗时代民俗学的实践回归一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle非遗时代民俗学的实践回归这篇文章旨在探讨在非物质文化遗产(非遗)保护日益受到重视的当下，民俗学如何以实践的方式回归其本源，更好地服务于社会文化的传承和发展。文章首先介绍了非遗时代背景下民俗学面临的挑战和机遇，然后分析了民俗学实践回归的必要性和紧迫性，最后提出了实现民俗学实践回归的具体路径和方法。通过本文的阐述，希望能够引起学术界和社会各界对民俗学实践回归的关注和重视，推动民俗学在非遗时代发挥更大的作用，为传承和发展优秀的传统文化贡献力量。ThearticleThePracticalReturnofFolklorein
2、theEraofIntangibleCulturalHeritageaimstoexplorehowfolklorecanreturntoitsorigininapracticalwayandbetterservetheinheritanceanddevelopmentofsocialcultureinthecurrenterawheretheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage(intangibleculturalheritage)isincreasinglyvalued.Thearticlefirstintroducesthechallengesan
3、dopportunitiesfacedbyfolkloreinthecontextoftheintangibleculturalheritageera,thenanalyzesthenecessityandurgencyofthepracticalreturnoffolklore,andfinallyproposesspecificpathsandmethodstoachievethepracticalreturnoffolklore.Throughtheexpositioninthisarticle,wehopetodrawattentionandattentionfromtheacadem
4、iccommunityandvarioussectorsofsocietytothereturnoffolklorepractice,promotethegreaterroleoffolkloreintheeraofintangibleculturalheritage,andcontributetotheinheritanceanddevelopmentofexcellenttraditionalculture.二、非遗时代的特点与挑战TheCharacteristicsandChallengesoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageEra非遗时代，即非物质文化遗产的时
5、代，具有鲜明的特点和多重挑战。非遗时代的最大特点在于对传统文化的重视和保护。随着全球化的推进和现代生活方式的冲击，许多传统文化和习俗面临消失的危险。因此，非遗时代的到来，意味着社会开始重视并努力保护这些独特的文化遗产。政府、学术界、媒体和公众都积极参与到非遗的保护和传承中来，形成了全社会共同关注非遗的良好氛围。Theeraofintangibleculturalheritage,alsoknownastheeraofintangibleculturalheritage,hasdistinctcharacteristicsandmultiplechallenges.Thebiggestchara
6、cteristicoftheintangibleculturalheritageeraistheemphasisandprotectionoftraditionalculture.Withtheadvancementofglobalizationandtheimpactofmodernlifestyles,manytraditionalculturesandcustomsareatriskofdisappearing.Therefore,thearrivaloftheintangibleculturalheritageerameansthatsocietyhasbeguntoattachimp
7、ortancetoandstrivetoprotecttheseuniqueculturalheritage.Thegovernment,academia,media,andthepublichaveactivelyparticipatedintheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage,formingagoodatmosphereforthewholesocietytopayattentiontointangibleculturalheritage.然而，非遗时代也面临着诸多挑战。非遗的保护与现代化发展之间存在矛盾。如何在保护
8、传统文化的同时，又能够适应现代社会的发展需求，是非遗时代需要解决的重要问题。非遗的传承面临人才短缺的困境。许多非遗项目需要专业的传承人来传承技艺，但由于种种原因，很多传承人面临年龄偏大、后继无人的困境。非遗的推广和传播也面临挑战。如何让更多的人了解和认识非遗，增强非遗的社会影响力，是非遗时代亟待解决的问题。However,theeraofintangibleculturalheritagealsofacesmanychallenges.Thereisacontradictionbetweentheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageandmoderniz
9、ationdevelopment.Howtoprotecttraditionalculturewhileadaptingtothedevelopmentneedsofmodernsocietyisanimportantissuethatneedstobeaddressedintheeraofintangibleculturalheritage.Theinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritagefacesthedilemmaoftalentshortage.Manyintangibleculturalheritageprojectsrequireprofessi
10、onalinheritorstoinherittheirskills,butduetovariousreasons,manyinheritorsfacethedilemmaofbeingtoooldandhavingnosuccessors.Thepromotionanddisseminationofintangibleculturalheritagealsofacechallenges.Howtomakemorepeopleunderstandandrecognizeintangibleculturalheritage,enhanceitssocialinfluence,isanurgent
11、problemtobesolvedintheeraofintangibleculturalheritage.为了应对这些挑战，我们需要采取一系列措施。政府应加大对非遗保护的投入力度，制定更加完善的非遗保护政策和法律法规。应加强非遗传承人的培训和培养工作，为非遗的传承提供坚实的人才保障。还应利用现代科技手段，如互联网、新媒体等，加强对非遗的宣传和推广工作，让更多的人了解和认识非遗，共同参与到非遗的保护和传承中来。Toaddressthesechallenges,weneedtotakeaseriesofmeasures.Thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmenti
12、ntheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageandformulatemorecomprehensivepoliciesandlawsandregulationsfortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.Weshouldstrengthenthetrainingandtrainingofinheritorsofintangibleculturalheritage,providingasolidtalentguaranteefortheinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritag
13、e.Modernscientificandtechnologicalmeans,suchastheInternetandnewmedia,shouldalsobeusedtostrengthenthepublicityandpromotionofintangibleculturalheritage,sothatmorepeoplecanunderstandandunderstandintangibleculturalheritageandparticipateintheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage.非遗时代的特点与挑战
14、并存。只有充分认识到非遗的重要性和价值所在，并采取相应的措施加以保护和传承，才能让我们的文化瑰宝得以延续和发扬光大。Thecharacteristicsandchallengesoftheintangibleculturalheritageeracoexist.Onlybyfullyrecognizingtheimportanceandvalueofintangibleculturalheritage,andtakingcorrespondingmeasurestoprotectandinheritit,canourculturaltreasuresbecontinuedanddevelope
15、d.三、民俗学实践回归的必要性TheNecessityoftheReturnofFolklorePractice随着全球化的推进和现代科技的迅猛发展，我们的社会正在经历前所未有的变革。这种变革不仅改变了我们的生活方式，也对我们的文化传统产生了深远影响。在这样的背景下，民俗学作为研究人类生活习俗、文化传承和社会变迁的重要学科,其实践回归显得尤为重要。Withtheadvancementofglobalizationandtherapiddevelopmentofmoderntechnology,oursocietyisundergoingunprecedentedchanges.Thistran
16、sformationnotonlychangesourwayoflife,butalsohasaprofoundimpactonourculturaltraditions.Inthiscontext,asanimportantdisciplineforstudyinghumancustoms,culturalinheritance,andsocialchange,thepracticalreturnoffolkloreisparticularlyimportant.实践回归是民俗学应对现代社会变迁的必然要求。在快速变化的社会环境中，许多传统民俗事象正在逐渐消失，而新的民俗事象又在不断产生。民俗
17、学只有通过实践回归，深入到现实生活中去，才能及时捕捉这些变化，为保护和传承优秀的民俗文化提供科学依据。Thereturntopracticeisaninevitablerequirementforfolkloretorespondtomodernsocialchanges.Intherapidlychangingsocialenvironment,manytraditionalfolkcustomsaregraduallydisappearing,whilenewfolkcustomsareconstantlyemerging.Folklorecanonlytimelycapturethese
18、changesandprovidescientificbasisfortheprotectionandinheritanceofexcellentfolkculturebyreturningtopracticeanddelvingintoreallife.实践回归有助于提升民俗学的学术价值和社会影响力。传统的民俗学研究往往侧重于文献资料的搜集和整理，而缺乏对现实生活的关注和参与。通过实践回归，民俗学可以更加深入地了解民俗事象的实际运作过程，发现其中的规律和问题，从而提出更加有针对性的学术观点和建议。这样的研究不仅能够丰富民俗学的理论体系，还能够为政府决策和社会实践提供有力支持，提升民俗学的社会
19、影响力。Thereturntopracticehelpstoenhancetheacademicvalueandsocialinfluenceoffolklore.Traditionalfolkloreresearchoftenfocusesonthecollectionandorganizationofliterature,butlacksattentionandparticipationinreallife.Throughpracticalregression,folklorecangainadeeperunderstandingoftheactualoperationprocessoff
20、olkcustoms,discoverthepatternsandproblemswithinthem,andthusproposemoretargetedacademicviewpointsandsuggestions.Suchresearchcannotonlyenrichthetheoreticalsystemoffolklore,butalsoprovidestrongsupportforgovernmentdecision-makingandsocialpractice,andenhancethesocialinfluenceoffolklore.实践回归也是民俗学实现自我创新和发展
21、的必由之路。在全球化背景下，不同文化之间的交流与融合日益频繁，这为民俗学提供了丰富的研究资源和广阔的研究空间。通过实践回归，民俗学可以更加深入地参与到这种文化交流与融合中去，发现新的研究视角和方法，推动学科的自我创新和发展。Thereturntopracticeisalsoanecessarypathforfolkstudiestoachieveselfinnovationanddevelopment.Inthecontextofglobalization,communicationandintegrationbetweendifferentculturesarebecomingincreas
22、inglyfrequent,whichprovidesabundantresearchresourcesandbroadresearchspaceforfolklore.Throughpracticalregression,folklorecanparticipatemoredeeplyinculturalexchangeandintegration,discovernewresearchperspectivesandmethods,andpromotetheselfinnovationanddevelopmentofthediscipline.民俗学实践回归的必要性在于它不仅能够应对现代社会
23、变迁的挑战，提升民俗学的学术价值和社会影响力，还能够推动民俗学的自我创新和发展。因此，我们应该高度重视民俗学的实践回归工作，加强与现实生活的联系和互动，为保护和传承优秀的民俗文化贡献自己的力量。Thenecessityofreturningtothepracticeoffolkloreliesinitsabilitytonotonlycopewiththechallengesofmodernsocialchanges,enhancetheacademicvalueandsocialinfluenceoffolklore,butalsopromoteitsselfinnovationanddev
24、elopment.Therefore,weshouldattachgreatimportancetothepracticalreturnworkoffolklore,strengthentheconnectionandinteractionwithreallife,andcontributeourownstrengthtotheprotectionandinheritanceofexcellentfolkculture.四、民俗学实践回归的途径与方法TheWayandMethodoftheReturnofFolklorePractice在非遗时代的背景下，民俗学的实践回归显得尤为重要。这不仅是
25、对传统民俗学理论的深化，也是对现代社会变迁的积极应对。为实现民俗学的实践回归，我们需要探索一系列有效的途径和方法。Inthecontextoftheintangibleculturalheritageera,thepracticalreturnoffolkloreisparticularlyimportant.Thisisnotonlyadeepeningoftraditionalfolkloretheory,butalsoapositiveresponsetothechangesinmodernsociety.Toachievethepracticalreturnoffolklore,wen
26、eedtoexploreaseriesofeffectivewaysandmethods.田野调查是民俗学研究的基础。在非遗时代，我们需要深化田野调查，更加深入地了解非物质文化遗产的实际情况，同时，也需要创新田野调查方法，运用现代科技手段，如数字录音、录像、GPS定位等，提高田野调查的效率和准确性。Fieldinvestigationisthefoundationoffolkloreresearch.Intheeraofintangibleculturalheritage,weneedtodeepenfieldinvestigationsandgainadeeperunderstandingo
27、ftheactualsituationofintangibleculturalheritage.Atthesametime,wealsoneedtoinnovatefieldinvestigationmethods,usemoderntechnologicalmeanssuchasdigitalrecording,videorecording,GPSpositioning,etc.,toimprovetheefficiencyandaccuracyoffieldinvestigations.民俗学是一门跨学科的研究领域，与历史学、社会学、人类学、艺术学等多个学科都有紧密的联系。因此，我们需要加
28、强与其他学科的合作与交流，共同推进非遗时代民俗学的研究。通过跨学科的合作，我们可以从不同的角度和层面来理解和研究民俗现象，提高研究的深度和广度。Folkloreisaninterdisciplinaryresearchfieldcloselyrelatedtomultipledisciplinessuchashistory,sociology,anthropology,andart.Therefore,weneedtostrengthencooperationandexchangewithotherdisciplines,andjointlypromotetheresearchoffolklo
29、reintheeraofintangibleculturalheritage.Throughinterdisciplinarycollaboration,wecanunderstandandstudyfolkphenomenafromdifferentperspectivesandlevels,improvingthedepthandbreadthofourresearch.非遗时代的民俗学实践回归，还需要关注民俗资源的活化利用。我们需要通过各种方式，如文化创意、旅游开发等，将民俗资源转化为经济价值，推动地方经济的发展。同时，也需要注意在活化利用过程中保护非物质文化遗产的原真性和完整性，避免过
30、度商业化。Thereturnoffolkcustomspracticeintheeraofintangibleculturalheritagealsorequiresattentiontotheactivationandutilizationoffolkresources.Weneedtotransformfolkresourcesintoeconomicvalueandpromotelocaleconomicdevelopmentthroughvariousmeans,suchasculturalcreativityandtourismdevelopment.Atthesametime,at
31、tentionshouldalsobepaidtoprotectingtheauthenticityandintegrityofintangibleculturalheritageduringtheprocessofactivationandutilization,andavoidingexcessivecommercia1ization.民俗教育是民俗学实践回归的重要途径之一。通过普及和推广民俗教育，我们可以提高公众对非物质文化遗产的认识和保护意识，推动民俗文化的传承和发展。民俗教育还可以作为学校教育的一部分，培养学生的文化素养和审美能力。Folkeducationisoneoftheimp
32、ortantwaysforthepracticalreturnoffolklorestudies.Bypopularizingandpromotingfolkeducation,wecanenhancepublicawarenessandprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,andpromotetheinheritanceanddevelopmentoffolkculture.Folkeducationcanalsobepartofschooleducationtocultivatestudents,culturalliteracyandaestheti
33、cabilities.在全球化的背景下，加强国际交流与合作也是民俗学实践回归的重要途径。我们需要积极参与国际民俗学的研究和交流活动，学习借鉴国际先进的研究理念和方法，也需要将中国的民俗学研究成果推向世界，展示中国的文化魅力。Inthecontextofglobalization,strengtheninginternationalexchangeandcooperationisalsoanimportantwayforthepracticeoffolkloretoreturn.Weneedtoactivelyparticipateininternationalfolkloreresearcha
34、ndexchangeactivities,learnanddrawonadvancedinternationalresearchconceptsandmethods,andalsopromotetheresearchresultsofChinesefolkloretotheworld,showcasingChina,sculturalcharm.非遗时代民俗学的实践回归需要我们通过深化田野调查、加强跨学科合作与交流、活化利用民俗资源、普及与推广民俗教育以及加强国际交流与合作等途径和方法来实现。这将有助于我们更好地理解和保护非物质文化遗产，推动民俗学的发展和创新。Thepracticalretu
35、rnoffolkstudiesintheeraofintangibleculturalheritagerequiresustodeepenfieldinvestigations,strengtheninterdisciplinarycooperationandexchange,activateandutilizefolkresources,popularizeandpromotefolkeducation,andstrengtheninternationalexchangeandcooperationthroughvariousmeansandmethods.Thiswillhelpusbet
36、terunderstandandprotectintangibleculturalheritage,promotethedevelopmentandinnovationoffolklore.五、民俗学实践回归的案例研究ACaseStudyontheReturnofFolklorePractice随着非物质文化遗产时代的来临，民俗学的实践回归变得愈发重要。这种回归不仅是对传统民俗学理论的深化，也是对现代社会文化现象的有效解读。下面，我们将通过几个具体的案例，来探讨民俗学实践回归的具体表现和影响。Withtheadventoftheeraofintangibleculturalheritage,t
37、hepracticalreturnoffolklorehasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Thisreturnisnotonlyadeepeningoftraditionalfolkloretheory,butalsoaneffectiveinterpretationofmodernsocialandculturalphenomena.Below,wewillexplorethespecificmanifestationsandimpactsofthereturnoffolklorepracticethroughseveralspecificcases.在中国，许多地
38、方的传统手工艺正在面临失传的危机。为了保护和传承这些独特的文化遗产，一些民俗学者开始深入乡村，与手工艺人一起工作，记录他们的技艺和心得。通过实践，他们不仅了解了手工艺的制作过程，还深入理解了手工艺背后所蕴含的文化价值。这种实践回归的方式，不仅使手工艺得到了有效的保护，也让更多的人了解和欣赏到了这些传统技艺。InChina,traditionalhandicraftsinmanyplacesarefacingacrisisofloss.Inordertoprotectandinherittheseuniqueculturalheritage,somefolkscholarshavestarted
39、togodeepintothecountryside,workwithhandicrafts,andrecordtheirskillsandexperiences.Throughpractice,theynotonlygainedanunderstandingofthemanufacturingprocessofhandicrafts,butalsogainedadeeperunderstandingoftheculturalvaluebehindthem.Thiswayofreturningtopracticenotonlyeffectivelyprotectshandicrafts,but
40、alsoallowsmorepeopletounderstandandappreciatethesetraditionalskills.在一些民族地区，随着现代化进程的加速，一些传统的节庆活动逐渐消失。为了恢复和推广这些活动，民俗学者开始与当地居民合作，重新组织起这些节庆活动。他们不仅帮助居民恢复了活动的传统形式,还通过现代媒体将这些活动推广到了更广泛的范围。这种实践回归的方式，不仅让更多的人了解到了民族文化的魅力，也增强了民族地区的文化自信心。Insomeethnicregions,withtheaccelerationofmodernization,sometraditionalfesti
41、valactivitiesaregraduallydisappearing.Inordertorestoreandpromotetheseactivities,folkscholarsbegantocollaboratewithlocalresidentstoreorganizethesefestivalactivities.Theynotonlyhelpedresidentsrestoretraditionalformsofactivities,butalsopromotedtheseactivitiestoawiderrangethroughmodernmedia.Thiswayofret
42、urningtopracticenotonlyallowsmorepeopletounderstandthecharmofethnicculture,butalsoenhancestheculturalconfidenceofethnicregions.随着旅游业的发展，越来越多的游客开始关注具有民俗特色的旅游项目。为了满足游客的需求，一些民俗学者开始参与到民俗旅游的开发与管理中。他们不仅帮助设计了具有地方特色的旅游项目，还提供了专业的管理和咨询服务。这种实践回归的方式，不仅为当地带来了经济效益，也提升了民俗旅游的文化品质。Withthedevelopmentofthetourismindus
43、try,moreandmoretouristsarepayingattentiontotourismprojectswithfolkcharacteristics.Inordertomeettheneedsoftourists,somefolkscholarshavebeguntoparticipateinthedevelopmentandmanagementoffolktourism.Theynotonlyhelpeddesigntourismprojectswithlocalcharacteristics,butalsoprovidedprofessionalmanagementandco
44、nsultingservices.Thispracticalreturnapproachnotonlybringseconomicbenefitstothelocalarea,butalsoenhancestheculturalqualityoffolktourism.这些案例表明，民俗学的实践回归不仅可以保护和传承非物质文化遗产，还可以推动地方经济的发展和增强民族文化的自信心。因此,我们应该进一步加强对民俗学实践回归的研究和推广，让更多的人了解和参与到民俗学的实践中来。我们也应该注意到，民俗学的实践回归并不是对传统民俗学的简单复制，而是需要在传统理论的基础上进行创新和发展。只有这样，我们才能
45、真正地发挥出民俗学在现代社会中的重要作用。Thesecasesindicatethatthepracticalreturnoffolklorecannotonlyprotectandinheritintangibleculturalheritage,butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaleconomyandenhancetheconfidenceofnationalculture.Therefore,weshouldfurtherstrengthentheresearchandpromotionofthereturnoffolklorepractice,soth
46、atmorepeoplecanunderstandandparticipateinthepracticeoffolklore.Weshouldalsonotethatthepracticalreturnoffolkloreisnotasimplereplicationoftraditionalfolklore,butrequiresinnovationanddevelopmentbasedontraditionaltheories.Onlyinthiswaycanwetrulyplaytheimportantroleoffolkloreinmodernsociety.六、民俗学实践回归的困境与
47、对策TheDilemmaandCountermeasuresoftheReturnofFolklorePractice随着非遗时代的来临，民俗学实践回归面临着诸多困境与挑战。一方面，现代社会的快速发展导致传统民俗逐渐淡化，许多年轻人对传统文化的认识与兴趣不足，这使得民俗学的实践回归缺乏广泛的社会基础。另一方面，民俗学作为一门学科，在学术研究与实践应用之间存在一定的脱节，学术研究往往过于理论化，而实践应用则缺乏系统的理论指导。Withtheadventoftheeraofintangibleculturalheritage,thereturnoffolkcustomspracticeisfaci
48、ngmanydifficultiesandchallenges.Ontheonehand,therapiddevelopmentofmodernsocietyhasledtothegradualfadingoftraditionalcustoms,andmanyyoungpeoplehaveinsufficientunderstandingandinterestintraditionalculture,whichhasledtoalackofabroadsocialfoundationforthepracticalreturnoffolklore.Ontheotherhand,asadisci
49、pline,folklorehasacertaindisconnectbetweenacademicresearchandpracticalapplication.Academicresearchisoftentootheoretical,whilepracticalapplicationlackssystematictheoreticalguidance.为了应对这些困境，我们提出以下对策。加强传统文化的教育与宣传，提高公众对传统文化的认识与兴趣。通过学校教育、社区活动、媒体传播等多种渠道，让更多的人了解传统民俗的魅力和价值，从而为其实践回归创造良好的社会氛围。推动民俗学学术研究与实践应用的有机结合。学者应该深入基层，了解传统民俗的实际情况，将学术研究成果转化为具体的实践指导，为民俗学的实践回归提供理论支持。同时，实践者也应该具备一定的理论知识，能够科学合理地开展民俗活动，确保传统文化的传承与发展。Toaddressthesechallenges,weproposethefollowingcountermeasures.St
