《美国名人黑人民权行动主义者罗莎·帕克斯.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国名人黑人民权行动主义者罗莎·帕克斯.docx（4页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、美国名人黑人民权行动主义者罗莎帕克斯RosaParks,1913-2005:MotheroftheAmericanCivilRightsMovementplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:33repeatByNancySteinbach2009-3-7VOICEONE:mPatBodnar.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutRosaParkszwhohasbeencalledthemotheroftheAmericancivilrightsmove
2、ment.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:RosaParksUntilthenineteensixties,blackpeopleinmanypartsoftheUnitedStatesdidnothavethesamecivilrightsaswhitepeople.LawsintheAmericanSouthkeptthetworacesseparate.Theselawsforcedblackpeopletoattendseparateschools,liveinseparateareasofacityandsitinseparateareasonabus.OnDecemberfirst
3、,nineteenfifty-five,inthesoutherncityofMontgomery,Alabama,aforty-twoyearoldblackwomangotonacitybus.Thelawatthattimerequiredblackpeopleseatedinoneareaofthebustogiveuptheirseatstowhitepeoplewhowantedthem.Thewomanrefusedtodothisandwasarrested.ThisactofpeacefuldisobediencestartedprotestsinMontgomerythat
4、ledtolegalchangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.ThewomanwhostarteditwasRosaParks.Today,wetellherstory.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShewasbornRosaLouiseMcCauleyinnineteen-thirteeninTuskegee,Alabama.Sheattendedlocalschoolsuntilshewaselevenyearsold.ThenshewassenttoschoolinMontgomery.Shelefthighschoolearlytocaref
5、orhersickgrandmother,thentocareforhermother.Shedidnotfinishhighschooluntilshewastwenty-one.RosamarriedRaymondParksinnineteenthirty-two.Hewasabarberwhocutmenshair.Hewasalsoacivilrightsactivist.Together,theyworkedforthelocalgroupoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.Innineteenforty-
6、three,MissusParksbecameanofficerinthegroupandlateritsyouthleader.RosaParkswasaseamstressinMontgomery.Sheworkedsewingclothesfromthenineteenthirtiesuntilnineteenfifty-five.ThenshebecamearepresentationoffreedomformillionsofAfrican-Americans.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:InmuchoftheAmericanSouthinthenineteenfifties,t
7、hefirstrowsofseatsoncitybuseswereforwhitepeopleonly.Blackpeoplesatinthebackofthebus.Bothgroupscouldsitinamiddlearea.However,blackpeoplesittinginthatpartofthebuswereexpectedtoleavetheirseatsifawhitepersonwantedtositthere.RosaParksisfingerprintedafterrefusingtomovetothebackofabus.RosaParksandthreeothe
8、rblackpeoplewereseatedinthemiddleareaofthebuswhenawhitepersongotonthebusandwantedaseat.Thebusdriverdemandedthatallfourblackpeopleleavetheirseatssothewhitepersonwouldnothavetositnexttoanyofthem.Thethreeotherblacksgotup,butMissusParksrefused.Shewasarrested.Somepopularstoriesaboutthatincidentincludethe
9、statementthatRosaParksrefusedtoleaveherseatbecauseherfeetweretired.Butsheherselfsaidinlateryearsthatthiswasfalse.Whatshewasreallytiredof,shesaid,wasacceptingunequaltreatment.Sheexplainedlaterthatthisseemedtobetheplaceforhertostopbeingpushedaroundandtofindoutwhathumanrightsshehad,ifany.VOICETWO:Agrou
10、pofblackactivistwomeninMontgomerywasknownastheWomensPoliticalCouncil.Thegroupwasworkingtoopposethemistreatmentofblackbuspassengers.Blackshadbeenarrestedandevenkilledforviolatingordersfrombusdrivers.RosaParkswasnotthefirstblackpersontorefusetogiveupaseatonthebusforawhiteperson.ButblackgroupsinMontgom
11、eryconsideredhertobetherightcitizenaroundwhomtobuildaprotestbecauseshewasoneofthefinestcitizensofthecity.ThewomensgroupimmediatelycalledforallblacksinthecitytorefusetorideoncitybusesonthedayofMissusParksstrial,Monday,Decemberfifth.Theresultwasthatfortythousandpeoplewalkedandusedothertransportationon
12、thatday.Thatnight,atmeetingsthroughoutthecity,blacksinMontgomeryagreedtocontinuetoboycottthecitybusesuntiltheirmistreatmentstopped.Theyalsodemandedthatthecityhireblackbusdriversandthatanyonebepermittedtositinthemiddleofthebusandnothavetogetupforanyoneelse.VOICEONE:MartinLutherKingJr.TheMontgomerybus
13、boycottcontinuedforthreehundredeighty-onedays.ItwasledbylocalblackleaderE.D.Nixonandayoungblackminister;MartinLutherKing,Junior.Similarprotestswereheldinothersoutherncities.Finally,theSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesruledonMissusParksscase.Itmaderacialseparationillegaloncitybuses.ThatdecisioncameonNove
14、mberthirteenth,nineteenfifty-six,almostayearafterMissusParkssarrest.TheboycottinMontgomeryendedthedayafterthecourtorderarrived,Decembertwentieth.RosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Juniorhadstartedamovementofnon-violentprotestintheSouth.ThatmovementchangedcivilrightsintheUnitedStatesforever.MartinLutherKin
15、gbecameitsfamousspokesman,buthedidnotlivetoseemanyoftheresultsofhiswork.RosaParksdid.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:1.ifebecameincreasinglydifficultforRosaParksandherfamilyafterthebusboycott.RosaParksandPresidentClintonafterhepresentedherwiththePresidentialMedalofFreedomin1996Shewasdismissedfromherjobandcouldnotfi
16、ndanother.SotheParksfamilyleftMontgomery.TheymovedfirsttoVirginia,thentoDetroit,Michigan.MissusParksworkedasaseamstressuntilnineteensixty-five.Then,MichiganRepresentativeJohnConyersgaveherajobworkinginhiscongressionalofficeinDetroit.Sheretiredfromthatjobinnineteeneighty-eight.Throughtheyears,RosaPar
17、kscontinuedtoworkfortheNAACPandappearedatcivilrightsevents.Shewasaquietwomanandoftenseemeduneasywithherfame.Butshesaidthatshewantedtohelppeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tomakeusefullivesforthemselvesandtohelpothers.Innineteeneighty-seven,shefoundedtheRosaandRaymondParksInstituteforSelf-Developmenttoimp
18、rovethelivesofblackchildren.RosaParksreceivedtwoofthenationshighesthonorsforhercivilrightsactivism.Innineteenninety-six,PresidentClintonhonoredherwiththePresidentialMedalofFreedom.Andinnineteenninety-nine,shereceivedtheCongressionalGoldMedalofHonor.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inherlateryears,RosaParkswasoftenas
19、kedhowmuchrelationsbetweentheraceshadimprovedsincethecivilrightslawswerepassedinthenineteensixties.Shethoughttherewasstillalongwaytogo.YetsheremainedthefaceofthemovementforracialequalityintheUnitedStates.RosaParksdiedonOctobertwenty-fourth,twothousandfive.Shewasninety-twoyearsold.Herbodylayinhonorin
20、theUnitedStatesCapitolbuildinginWashington.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantobesohonored.Thirtythousandpeoplewalkedsilentlypastherbodytoshowtheirrespect.RepresentativeConyersspokeaboutwhatthiswomanofquietstrengthmeanttothenation.Hesaid:Thereareveryfewpeoplewhocansaytheiractionsandconductchangedthefaceoft
21、henation.RosaParksisoneofthoseindividuals.VOICETWO:RosaParksmeantalottomanyAmericans.FourthousandpeopleattendedherfuneralinDetroit,Michigan.AmongthemwereformerPresidentBillClinton,hiswifeSenatorHillaryRodhamClinton,theReverendJesseJackson,andNationofIslamleaderLouisFarrakhan.PresidentClintonspokeabo
22、utrememberingtheseparationoftheracesonbusesintheSouthwhenhewasaboy.HesaidthatRosaParkshelpedtosetallAmericansfree.Hesaidtheworldknowsofherbecauseofasingleactofbraverythatstruckadeadlyblowtoracialhatred.Earlier,thereligiousofficialoftheUnitedStatesSenatespokeaboutheratamemorialserviceinWashington.Hes
23、aidRosaParkssbraveryservesasanexampleofthepowerofsmallacts.AndtheReverendJesseJacksoncommentedinastatementaboutwhathersmallactofbraverymeantforAfrican-Americanpeople.Hesaidthatonthatbusinnineteenfifty-five,Shesatdowninorderthatwemightstandup.andsheopenedthedoorsonthelongjourneytofreedom.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mPatBodnar.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
