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1、WQR1.DECONOMICFQRUMSupportedbytheMinistryofEconomyoftheUnitedArabEmiratesandAbuDhabiDepartmentofEconomicDevelopmentTradeTech:CatalysingInnovationINSIGHTREPORTJANUARY2024Images:GettyImages,MidJoumeyIncollaborationwithIBMCorporationContentsForeword3Executivesummary41 ThepathtoTradeTech52 Regulationand
2、bsiness-to-governmentrelationships92.1 Futurepublic-privatecollaboration113 1.ogisticsinformationsharing123.1 Futurelogisticsinformation144 Tradefinance154.1 Futuretradefinance175 Supplychainsustainability185.1 Futuresustainablesupplychains196 RealizingtheTradeTechviskx20Contributors23Endnotes24Disc
3、laimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEcono
4、micForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partners,orotherstakeholders.2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.NopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedOrtransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrerding,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.January2024TradeTech:CatalysingInnovationFore
5、wordBorgeBrendePresident,WorldEconomicForumThanibinAhmedAlZeyoudiMinisterofStateforFcweignTradeoftheUnitedArabEmiratesAhmedJasimAlZaabiChairman,AbuDhabiDepartmentofEconomicDevelopmentGenerativeAlshockedtheworld.WhatwouldTradeTechneedtodotosimilarlygrabtheworld,sattention?Howaboutifitdecidedwhattotra
6、de?Howtotrade?Withwhom?Whatiftechnologyautonomouslyfinancedthattrade?Manufacturedproductsandmovedthemitself?Anddidsofaster,quicker,andmorest-effectivethaneverbefore?Thatisnotthefuture.Itisthepresent.Yettradestillhasoneftinthepast.Robotsaredoingpaperwork.Dronesneedrubberstamps.TheTradeTechinitiativei
7、saboutsteppingbothfeetintothefuture.Humancreativityisneeded.Tradeisglobalbutisalsofortheindividual.Envelopingtradeinaseaofinformationswellsatidalchangeinenvironmentalandsocialperformance,allalongthesupplychain.Masteringtradeinformationgeneratesunprecedentedefficiencyandaccuracyandevenuncannypredicti
8、vepower.Trade-as-a-servicedemocratisestrade.TheUnitedArabEmirates,asteepedinambitionandnon-stopinnovationcountry,hasbeenchosenasthedynamichubforthisendeavour.Buttheeffortisglobal-tradesfutureevolutiondemandsasenseofcollaboration,commonownership,andjointendeavourfromthefurthestreachesoftheglobe.Trade
9、rsandtechnologists,investorsandlogisticians,policymakers,andentrepreneurs-allarecomingtogethertohurtlethetradeecosystemintoanewera.Joinus!ExecutivesummaryFutureTradeTechcouldlinkeconomiesmoreefficiently,sustainablyandinclusively.TheTradeTechGlobalinitiativestrivestorevolutionizetradebyleveraginginno
10、vativetechnologiestostreamlinetradeprocessesandfosteramoreefficient,inclusive,sustainableandequitabletradingecosystem.Realizingthisvisionismoreeasilysaidthandone.Alongtheglobaltradevaluechain,numerouscountries,mpaniesandorganizationscollaborateintheproductionanddistributionofasinglegoodorservice.The
11、complexwebsofinteractionsinvolvedinglobaltradecomplicateeffortstooptimizethesystemsoperation.Whensupplychainparticipantstrytomaximizeonlytheirownself-interest,theoutcomeisfrequentlySuboptimalandcanleadtosignificantinefficienciesandmissedcollectivegoals.Someofthemostpromisinginnovationsofrecentyears-
12、distributedledgertechnology,robotics,artificialintelligence,machinelearning,automationandtheinternetofthings(IoT),forexample-offerstep-changeopportunitiesforglobaltrade.Thetransformativepotentialofthesetechnologiescannotberealized,however,unlessdiversemembersofthetradeecosystemcollaborateontheirdepl
13、oyment.ThisdocumentdoesnotpresentalengthylistofexamplesofTradeTechdeploymentorscenariosforfuturedevelopment.Rather,itncentratesonhowtoaccelerateecosystemdevelopment.TheTradeTechGlobalinitiativearticulatesavisionforhowdiverseinterestsinthetradecommunitycanworktogether-sharingcosts,hedgingrisksanddire
14、ctingsubstantialinvestments-toachievetechnologicaltransformation.Itfillsagapinglobalcollaborationbylinkingentrepreneursandinvestorswithregulatorsandestablishedindustryleaders,fosteringopendialogueandengagement.Theinitiativefocusesinitiallyonfourareasseenasripefortransformation:logistics,tradefinance
15、,carbonreductionandtradecompliance.Multistakeholderdialogueonthesetopicshasgeneratedthreebasictakeaways:- Takeaway1:Commercialactorswillneedtofindwaystocollaboratetoovercomenetworkbarriersandfirst-movercosts.- Takeaway2:Enablingregulationsandproactivegovernanceareessentialtofacilitatingtheexchangeof
16、informationandcreatinganenvironmentoftrust.- Takeaway3:Catalyticcollaborationsandpilotprojectsareneededatmultiplestagesoftechnologyintroductiontoacceleratetesting,demonstrationandscale-up.0ThepathtoTradeTechTradeTechbridgesthegapsthatemergeasinnovators,industriesandregulatoryagenciesrespondtotechnol
17、ogyopportunities.BTheabsenceofinformation-sharingandcollaborationpresentsabarriertopositivechange.Bridgingthegapsrequiresincubatinginnovation,leveragingcoalitionsandupdatingregulationtobuildsustainableandinclusivetrade.ThisreportarticulatestheTradeTechvisionofanewlandscapetosupporttechnologicalchang
18、eintrade.Utopiananddystopianvisionsforthefutureoftradeabound.Inonescenario,theworldisconsumedbyclimatedisastersandpoliticalupheavalasregionsfragmentintorivaltradingblocs.SupplychaindisruptionsandtradewarsthatintensifiedduringtheCOVID-19pandemicbecomenormalized,protectionismintensifiesandtheworldmiss
19、esoutonthepotentialeconomicgainsfromtrade.Inanopposingscenario-autopiantechnologicalfuture-robotlabourmovesgoodsseamlesslyacrossborders,withoutanyhumanintervention.Informationaboutthegoodsintransit-billsoflading,customsauthorizationsandinsurancedocuments,forexample-glideseffortlesslytoeachentitythat
20、needsit,includingowners,transporters,lendersandregulators.Theinformationistransferredthroughharmonized,integratedplatformsandsystems.Technologyprovidescost-effectivetoolstotrackCO2emissionsandincentivizesustainablesupplychains.GlobalizationthrivesandGDPsoars.Asthesecaricaturevisionsofutopiananddysto
21、pianfuturessuggest,technologyislikelytohaveexpansiveandtransformativeimpactsonglobaltradeinthecomingyears.Thepotentialupsidesofintelligenttechnologyadoptionarevast.TheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)suggestedin2021thatwithinfiveyears,digitalizingthetradeecosystemcouldincreasetradeacrosstheG7bynea
22、rly$9trillion.1Humanshaveanastonishinglypoortrackrecordofpredictingthefutureoftechnology.Attemptstoimaginehowinnovationwillimpactsocietiestendtoyieldbettersciencefictionthanactionableinsights.Predictionsofthefuturetrajectoryofglobaltrade,whichspansindustriesandcontinents,areunlikelytoperformwell.Non
23、etheless,theabsenceofinformation-sharingandcollaborationpresentsabarriertopositivechange.Companiesadoptnewtechnologieswhenconvincedthattheirbenefitsoutweightheircosts.However,positiveexternalitiesfromtradetechnologiesareunlikelytobeseizedwithoutcoordination.Indeed,vestedinterestsstymieevenchangestha
24、twouldbenefitthemajorityofactorsinthesystem.TheTradeTechapproachistoencouragestakeholderstocoalesceonsharedtechnologicalvisions,solutionsandstandards.Theworlddoesnothavetheluxuryoftime-therisksofinactionaresubstantial.Inabusiness-as-sualscenario,itislikelythattechnologicaldevelopmentswillfurtherfrag
25、mentinternationalsupplychainsthroughthelackofinteroperability,creatingdisproportionatebarriersforsmalleroperatorstogaintractioninnewmarkets.FIGURE1DigitalizationconvoyJourneytodigitalmaturitytEcosystemparticipantssuchascarriers,ports,customs,freightforwarders,shippers,banksandtheirdigitalchallengers
26、,-CommunicationrangeOverlappingcircles=participantsareconnectedConnectedRiskofbeingdisconnectedDisnnectedIfanecosystempartner(e.g.start-up)goestoofast,theconnectionwiththerestoftheecosystemwillbreak.Inisolation,thisplayerwillthenloserelevanceorpivottootherindustries.Therateatwhichtheselargeandkeypla
27、yersdigitalizewilldeterminehowfastthetotalesystemcanachievedigitalmaturity.Actorsthatdonothavetheinfrastructureorcapitaltokeepup,suchasasmallandmedium-sizedenterprise(SME)inadevelopingntry,willlikelybeleftbehind.Source:WorldEconomicForumTradeTechseeksafutureoftradethatisaccessibleandtransparentanden
28、ablesopportunitiesfordiverseplayers.AnvoyanalogyoftheTradeTechGlobalinitiativewouldshowslowerorweakerparticipantsintheecosystembeingencouragedandsupportedtocatchup,whilesharedsignalsandintelligencehelpmarketdevelopment.Notallmembersofthetradeecosystemwillinnovateandadaptatthesamespeed,ofcourse.Infac
29、t,asynchronousdevelopmentisagoodthing:differenttimescalesallowsmaller,nimbleroperatorstompete,pilotingandfine-tuningtechnologicalapproachesbeforeinnovationsaredeployedatlargerscales.However,themodelrecognizesthatvisionaryinnovationsoftenneedtoconnecttoalargerecosystem.Whileastart-upcanpioneerabrilli
30、anttechnologicalbreakthrough,itsinnovationsaremostimpactfulwhenabletoscalethroughlinkstootherplayers.Improvingtradelinksbetweendevelopedanddevelopingmarketsandindustryparticipantsisapriorityfortheinitiative-notleastbecauseofthegrowingdiversificationofglobaltrade.Smallbusinessesindevelopingcountries,
31、aswellastheirgovernmentadministrations,oftenlackthenecessaryinfrastructureandacsstocapitaltofullyembracetechnologicalinnovation.HowcanTradeTechacceleratethebenefitsoftechnologicaladaptationforallmembersofthetradeecosystem?Whatstepsareneededtopromoteinnovationbyandforsmall-andmedium-sizedbusinesses?T
32、hereisnodearthofentrepreneurialactivity.Numerousprojectshavebeenlaunchedinrecentyearstosupporttheexchangeofshippingdata,forexample,orimprovevisibilityinsupplychains.However,manyhavefounderedinascepticalandmpetitiveindustry.TheTradeTechinitiativefollowsadifferentmodel.Itdoesnotproposespecificsolution
33、sitselfbutseekstosustainasupportiveecosystemandhelpinnovatorsgrowcriticalscaleacrossindustriesandgeographies.TheevolutionofTradeTechisprogressingtowardsthreehorizons.2Thefirsthorizondelineateslow-riskinitiativestohighlightpotential,leverageexistingtechnologyandhelpdevelopingmarketsandslowerindustryp
34、layerstakethebasicdigitalizationstepstounlockfurtherprogress.Thesecondhorizonaddressestheneedtoscalecoalitionsandaddressgovernmentalandintergovernmentallevers.Thethirdhorizonfocusesonprojectsthatrequiregreaterinvestmentandsynchronization.TheTradeTechinitiativehasfocuseditsinitialwork,reflectedinpart
35、inthisreport,onthefirsthorizon.Thisworkhasprioritizedcreatinganimpartialplatformformembersofthetradeandtechnologycommunitiestohighlightthepossibilitiesofandidentifychallengestotechnologicalrenewal.Itchampionspilotprojectstodemonstratethebenefitsofemergingtechnologies.In2024,TradeTechwillfocusondevel
36、opingHorizon2strategiestoexperimentwithinnovativetechnologyandpolicyframeworkstobegintoscaleinnovationsthatcaninformHorizon3development.FIGURE2ThreehorizonsofdigitalizationTradeTechInitiative:PavingthewayforglobaldigitaltradeparticipationAchievingcompletedigitalintegrationbyleveragingstart-upsandcor
37、poratesolutionsforaunifiedandtransformativetradeecosystemHighrisk-rewardHorizon3Transformwfthdisruptivetech-Innovatebusinessanddataexchangemodels-Capitalizeonnoveltyandsynergies-Tradedataplatform-Sustainabilityplatform-Digitalportsandcustoms-Greentradecorridors1.ong-term30%Horizon2Test&integrateemer
38、gingtech-Createsandboxtotestpotentialandcapturevalue-CuratepromisingTradeTechsolutions-EngageventurecapitalistsandfundersProofsofconceptwithcorporatepartners-Acceleratezincubatestart-upsfortheregulatorysandbox70%1.owrisk-rewardHorizon1Optimizewithexistingtech-Cultivatethoughtleadership-Bolsterawaren
39、ess-TradeTechForum-TradeTechcommunitysessions-AnnualreportShort-termImpactTypeofinnovationObjectiveTradeTechprojectexamplesTimehorizonCurrentfocusHorizon3projectswieldimmensepotentialtorevolutionizetheindustryandsustaindigitaltradeecosystemvalue.Theybuilduponthefoundationalworkofhorizons1and2.Theini
40、tiativeexecutesselectprojectsfromallhorizonssimultaneously,adaptingthefocusasneededovertime.Thetradecommunityhasanopportunitytoimagineaworldwheretradefacilitateshumanwell-being,inclusivityandsustainability.Thisvisionisnotjustaboutharmonizingandacceleratingtheuptakeofnewtechnologies-itisaboutimaginin
41、gandplanningcollectivelyhowtousenewtoolsandplatformstobroadenaccesstoglobaltrade,whichcanenablegreaterprosperityforcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Thebarrierstooperationalizingthesechangesarevast.Theglobaltradeecosystemincludesdiverseplayers-from1.atinAmericancustomsofficialstoAfricanagriculturalexporters
42、tomultinationalbanks-andtheirneedsandchallengesrelatedtotechnologyrangensiderably.TradeTechseeksafutureoftradethatisaccessible,transparentandopportunity-enablingforthesediverseplayers.Insomecases,TradeTechcallsonsophisticatednewtechnologiessuchasdistributed-ledgerplatforms.Inothercases,itinvolveshar
43、nessingmorefoundationaltechnology,suchasbymakingregulatorymodificationstopermitdigitaldocuments.Reforminglegalcodesfordatastoragemightnotseemasdazzlinglyfuturisticasautomatingwarehousesorusingartificialintelligence(AI)tomanagesupplychains.YetbroadlydeployingbasicTradeTechtoolsisimportantinbuildingaj
44、ustandsustainabletradeecosystem.CASESTUDY1TheGlobalAllianceforTradeFacilitationePhytoroll-outPhytosanitarycertificatesareofficialdocumentstoconfirmthatshipmentsofplantsandplantproductsbeingtradedinternationallyarefreeofpestsanddiseasesandthereforesafetoimport.Untilrecently,thesecertificateswerealway
45、sphysicalpaperdocumentsthatweretransferredbetweendifferentpartiesbypost,courierorotherphysicalmeans.Thesepapercertificatescantakedaystoobtainandarepronetoerrors,lossandcounterfeiting.Thisslowsdowntradeand,atworst,resultsinspoiledgoods,additionaldemurragechargesandfrustratedcustomersandgovernments.Su
46、rveys,interviewsanddialoguewithseveralhundredpractitionersfromtheTradeTechcommunityhaverevealedtheinitialprioritiesTheePhytoSolution,developedbytheInternationalPlantProtectionConvention,allowscountriestoelectronicallyexchangeelectronicPhytosanitarycertificates(ePhytos)witheachotherthroughacentralhub
47、,quickly,accuratelyandatlowcost.Theriskofloss,damageorfraudtothecertificateisgreatlyreduced,asistheadministrativeburdenonbothborderagenciesandbusinesses.TheGlobalAllianceforTradeFacilitationhelpsdevelopingcountriesintroducethesystem.Thellaborativenatureoftheprojectalsopavesthewayforcountriestoexchan
48、geothertypesofdatawithtradingpartners.regardingTradeTechneedsandchallengesuponwhichthisreportisbased.FIGURE3InitialTradeTechGlobalinitiativeprioritiesNeedsChallengesRegulationandbusiness-to-governmentrelationshipsFutureTradeTechcouldlinkeconomiesmoreefficiently,sustainablyandinclusively.ATheglobaltradecommunityneedstoengageinforward-lookingdialog
