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1、美国名人社会改革家雅各布里斯JacobRiis,1849-1914:HeWorkedtoMakeNewYorkCityaBetterPlaceforPoorPeopleplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:45repeatByHerbertSutcliffe2010-7-31JacobRiis,Mens1.odgingRoomintheWest47thStreetStation,c.1892SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ImShirleyGriffith.RAYFREEMAN:AndmRayFreemanwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramP
2、EOP1.EINAMERICA.Everyweekatthistime,theVoiceofAmericatellsaboutsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.ThisweekwetellaboutJacobRiis.Hewasawriterwhousedallhisenergytomaketheworldabetterplaceforpoorpeople.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Inthespringofeighteenseventy,ayoungmantraveledacrosstheAtlanticOcea
3、ntoNewYorkCity.TheyoungmancamefromDenmark.HisnamewasJacobRiis.Hewasjusttwenty-oneyearsold.HisfirstyearsintheUnitedStatesweredifficult,likethoseofmostimmigrantsatthattime.Itwasdifficulttogetajob.JacobRiiswentfromplacetoplaceseekingwork.Hedidanykindofworkhecouldfind:Farming,coalmining,brick-making.Hee
4、ventriedtoearnmoneyasapeddler.Hewentfromhousetohousesellingthings.Manytimeshesleptwhereverhecould.Soonhewasbeginningtolosehope.HedecidedtoleaveNewYork.Hestartedtowalknorth.Afteratime,hearrivedintheBronx,thenorthernpartofNewYorkCity.Hisfeetburnedwithpain.Andhewashungry.RAYFREEMAN:Ihadnoteatenathingsi
5、ncethedaybefore.Ihadnobreakfast,anddecidedtohaveaswimintheBronxRiver,instead.Butthatdidnothelp.IwasjustashungrywhenIcameoutofthewater.ThenIwalkedslowlytoFordhamCollege,whichwasnotfarfromwhereIwas.ThedoorstoFordhamCollegewereopen,andIwalkedin,fornoreason.Iwasjusttiredandhadnothingelsetodo.FordhamisaC
6、atholiccollege.AndanoldmonkcametomeandaskedinakindvoiceifIwashungry.Istillrememberinmydreamsatnightthebeautifulfaceofthatoldmonk.Iwasterriblyhungry,andsaidIwas,althoughIdidnotmeantodoso.Ihadneverseenareallivemonkbefore.Myownreligiouseducationasa1.utherandidnotteachmetolikeCatholicmonks.Iatethefoodth
7、atwasbroughttome.ButIwastroubled.Iwasafraidthataftergivingmefoodzthechurchmanwouldaskmetochangemyreligiousbeliefs.Isaidtomyself:Iamnotgoingtodoit.ButwhenIhadeaten,Iwasnotaskedtodoanything.IwasgivenmorefoodwhenIleft,andcontinuedonmyway.IwasangrywithmyselfforhavingsuchbadthoughtsabouttheCatholicchurch
8、menatFordhamCollege.Forthefirsttime,Ilearnedsomethingabouthowtolivewithpeopleofdifferentreligiousbeliefs.(MUSIC)JacobRiis,HomeofanItalianRagpicker,1888SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:1.aterzJacobRiislearnedmoreaboutlikingpeople,eveniftheyaredifferent.Thistime,ithappenedwhilehewasworkingonarailroadwithmenwhodidroug
9、hworkandlookedrough.RAYFREEMAN:Ihadneverdonethatsortofwork,anditwasnottherightjobforme.Ididmybesttoworkliketheothermen.Butmychestfeltheavy,andmyheartpoundedinmybodyasifitweregoingtoexplode.TherewerenineteenIrishmeninthegroup.Theywerebig,roughfellows.TheyhadchosenmeastheonlyDutchman-astheycalledme-to
10、makethemlaugh.Theyweregoingtousemeaspartoftheirjokes.Butthentheysawthatthejobwasjusttoohardforme.Thismadethemfeeldifferentaboutme.Itshowedanothersidetothesefun-loving,big-heartedpeople.Theythoughtofmanywaystogetmeawayfromtheveryroughwork.Onewastogetmetobringwaterforthem.Theylikedstrongerthingstodrin
11、kthanwater.Butnowtheysuddenlywantedwaterallthetime.Ihadtowalkalongwayforthewater.Butitstoppedmefromdoingtheworkthatwastoohardforme.Thesepeoplewereveryroughintheirways.Butbehindtheroughnesstheyweregoodmen.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Atlast,JacobRiisgotajobwritingforanewspaperinNewYorkCity.Thiswashischance.Hefin
12、allyhadfoundaprofessionthatwouldleadtohislifeworkmakingtheworldabetterplaceforpoorpeople.Thenewspapersenthimtopoliceheadquartersforstories.Therehesawlifeatitsworst,especiallyinaverypoorpartofNewYorkwhichwasknownasMulberryBend.JacobRiis,BanditsRoost,MulberryStreet,c.1888RAYFREEMAN:Itwasnoplaceformena
13、ndwomen.Andsurelynoplaceforlittlechildren.Itwasaterribleslum-assuchplacesarecalled-wheretoomanyarecrowdedtogether,wherethehousesandstreetsaredirtyandfullofrats.Theplacebegantotroublemeasthetruthaboutitbecameclear.Otherswerenottroubled.TheyhadnowayoffindingouthowterriblethelivesofpeoplewereinMulberry
14、Bend.Butasanewspaperreporter;Icouldfindthetruth.SoIwentthroughthedarkdirtystreetsandhouses,andsawhowthepeoplesufferedinthisarea.AndIwrotemanystoriesaboutthelifethere.Ididgoodworkasapolicereporter,butwantedachange.Myeditorsaid,no,.HeaskedmetogobacktoMulberryBendandstaythere.HesaidIwasfindingsomething
15、therethatneeded-Ilme.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ThewordsofJacobRiiseditorprovedtobeverytrue.Riisstartedapersonalwaragainstslumhouses,thesorthesawinMulberryBend.HelearnedtouseacameratoshowthepublicclearlywhattheMulberryBendslumwaslike.Thecameraintheeighteeneightieswasnothinglikeitistoday.ButRiisgothispictures.
16、RAYFREEMAN:Imadegooduseofthemquickly.Wordscouldgetnoactiontochangethings.Butthepicturesdid.Whatthecamerashowedwassopowerfulthatthecityshealthofficialsstartedtodosomething.AtlastIhadastrongpartnerinthefightagainstMulberryBend-mycamera.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:JacobRiiscontinuedthefighttocleanuptheslum
17、sformanyyears.Therewerenotmanypeopletohelphim.Itwasalonelyfight.ButhiscameraandfightingwordshelpedtogetalawpassedwhichwoulddestroytheMulberryBendslum.Finally,thegreatdaycame.Theslumhousingwasgone.Theareahadbecomeapark.RAYFREEMAN:Whentheyhadfixedthegroundsothegrasscouldgrow,Isawchildrendancingtherein
18、thesunlight.Theyweregoingtohaveabetterlife,thankGod.Wehadgiventhemtheirlostchance.Ilookedatthesedancingchildrenandsawhowhappytheywere.Thisplacethathadbeenfullofcrimeandmurderbecamethemostorderlyinthecity.ThemurdersandcrimesdisappearedwhentheyletsunlightcomeintotheBend.Thesunlightthatshoneuponchildre
19、nwhohad,atlast,therighttoplay.ThatwaswhattheMulberryBendParkmeant.SotheBendwent.AndIwasveryhappythatIhadhelpedtomakeitgo.JacobRiis,BlindBeggar,c.1890SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ThatwasnotRiislastbattletomakelifecleanerandbetterformanypeople.Hehadgreatenergy.Andhisloveforpeoplewasasgreatashisenergy.Hestartedaca
20、mpaigntogetcleanwaterforthestateofNewYork.Heshowedthatwaterforthestatewasnothealthyforpeople.Stateofficialswereforcedtotakeactionsthatwouldcleanthewater.Healsoworkedtogetlawsagainstchildlabor,andmadesurethattheselawswereobeyed.Inthosedays,whenRiiswasafightingnewspaperreporter;lawsagainstchildlaborwe
21、resomethingnew.Peopledidnotobjecttomakingyoungchildrenworklonghours,inplacesthathadbadairandbadlight.ButintheUnitedStatestoday,childlaborisnotlegal.ItwasbecauseofmenlikeJacobRiisthatthisisso.Hewasalsosuccessfulingettingplaygroundsforchildren.Andhehelpedestablishcentersforeducationandfunforolderpeopl
22、e.Hisbook,HowtheOtherHalf1.ives/waspublishedineighteenninety.Hebecamefamous.Thatbookandhisnewspaperreportsinfluencedmanypeople.TheodoreRoosevelt,wholaterbecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,calledRiisthemostusefulcitizeninNewYorkCity.Riiscontinuedtowriteaboutconditionsthatwereinneedofmajorreform.Histwel
23、vebooks,includingChildrenofthePoor,helpedimproveconditionsinthecity.Thebooksalsomadehimpopularasaspeakerinothercities.JacobRiissconcernforthepoorkepthimsobusywritingandspeakingaroundthecountrythatheruinedhishealth.Hediedinnineteenfourteen.(MUSIC)RAYFREEMAN:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyHerbertSutcliffeandproducedby1.awanDavis.mRayFreeman.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:AndmShirleyGriffith.1.istenagainnextweekforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
