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1、DifferencesbetweenChineseandBritishTeaCultureAThesisPresentedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsBy本人名字UndertheSupervisionof1.ecturer导师名字#CollegeofInnerMongoliaApril2019中英茶文化差异摘要茶作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，具有悠久的历史。中国是茶的家乡，是最早发觉和饮用茶的国家。茶在十六世纪中叶传到欧洲，传入英国后，饮茶在英国颇为盛行，形成了独特的英国茶文化。如今茶已遍布
2、世界各地，所产生的茶文化也不尽相同,甚至在一些国家和地区成为社会风俗和民族文化的一部分。本文对中英的茶文化进行了对比，最终总结出了中英茶文化存在的差异。论文第一部分是对文章的总体介绍。其次部分介绍了中国的茶的历史和文化以及中国的茶道。通过阅读本文章，读者可以更进一步r解中国的传统文化。文章第三部分对英国的茶文化和英式的茶道进行介绍。第四章重点从四个方面论述中国茶文化和英国茶文化的差异，得出中国茶文化以及英国茶文化所体现的不同的精神内涵。文化和礼仪是分不开的，不同的文化会通过不同的礼仪有所体现，了解不同国家的文化，吸取文化精华和优点，了解文化的差异，都将有利于更好地进行跨文化交际。关键词：茶文化
3、；茶道；文化差异；跨文化交际DifferencesbetweenChineseandBritishTeaCultureAbstractTeaisoneimportantpartofChinesetraditionalcultures,andithasalonghistory.China,thefirstcountrydiscoveringanddrinkingtea,isthehomelandoftea.TeaspreadtoEuropeinthemiddleofthesixteenthcentury.SinceteawasintroducedtotheUnitedKingdom,teadri
4、nkinghasbeenquiteprevalentamongtheBritishpeople,thusauniqueBritishteaculturewasdeveloped.Nowadaysteaspreadstoal1overtheworld.Diverseteaculturescomeintobeing.Insomecountriesandregions,ithasalreadybecomepartofthesocialcustomandculture.Inthispaper,itfirstelaboratesteacultureinChinaandBritain,andfinally
5、sumsupdifferencesofteaculturebetweenthetwocountries.Thefirstsectionisabriefintroduction.ChaptertwoisaboutthehistoryandcultureofteainChina,andChineseteaceremony.FromtheseintroductionsyoucanbetterunderstandChinesetraditionalculture.ThethirdpartisaboutBritishteacultureandBritish-Styleteaceremony.Chapte
6、rfourfocusesondifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseteaculture,whichhasbeendiscussedfromfouraspects.Intheend,theirdifferentconnotationshavebeenrevealed.Cultureandritualareinseparable,anddifferentcultureswi11bereflectedbydifferentmanners.Understandingthecultureofdifferentcountries,andlearningtheircultur
7、alessenceandadvantagesareconducivetocross-culturalexchange.Keywords:teaculture;teaceiemony;culturaldifferences;cross-culturalexchangeContentsChapter1IntroductionChapter2 ChineseTeaCultureandEtiquette22 .1HistoryofTeainChina23 .2TeaCultureinChina24 .3China-TheOriginalTeaCeremony3Chapter3 BritishTeaCu
8、ltureandEtiquette53.1TeaCultureinBritain53.2EnglishTeaCeremony6EnglishTeaRitual63.2.2AfternoonTea6HighTea7Chapter4DifferencesTeaCulture84.1DifferentStartingTimeofDrinkingTea84.2DifferentTeaDrinkingCultures94.3DifferencesofTeaEtiquette104.4DifferencesofTeahouseCulture114.5DifferentSocialInfluences13C
9、hapter5Conclusion.14Notes15Bibliography16Acknowledgements17Chapter1IntroductionTeacultureisdefinedbythewayteaismadeandconsumed;bythewaypeopleinteractwithtea,andbytheaestheticssurroundingteadrinking.Teaisacustomarydrinkworldwide.InAsiancountries,drinkingteaisanancienttraditionaccompaniedbyahighlydeve
10、lopedtea-basedculturewhichistiedtoartandlocalcustoms.AmongRussiansandEasternMediterraneaninhabitants,teabecameaprevalentdrinklongaftertheflourishingteaculturedevelopedinChina,andyetmanyyearsbeforeEuropeanstasteditforthefirsttime.Theteaceremoniesarethecrowninggloryoftheteaculture.Theysetitapartandglo
11、rifyitandgiveasymbolicmeaningtotheimportanceofteainsocietyandlocalculture.TeaceremonieswhichhavebeenpreservedfromancienttimesopenawindowtodistantculturesandancientcustomswhichhaveassimiIatedintovarioustraditionsandaccompaniedthemupuntiltoday.Inmanycultures,teaisoftendrunkathighclasssocialevents,andm
12、anycultureshavecreatedintricateformalceremoniesfortheseevents.Westernexamplesareafternoonteaandtheteaparty.Intheeast,teaceremoniesdifferamongcountries,itmaybeconsumedear1yinthedaytoheightenalertness;itcontainstheophyl1ineandboundcaffeine.Thereareteaceremonieswhichhavearisenindifferentcultures.Chines
13、eteaceremonyusessometraditionalwaysofbrewingtea.OneformofChineseteaceremonyistheGongfuteaceremony,whichtypicallyusessmallYixingclayteapotsandoolongtea.Differentregionsalsofavordifferentvarietiesoftea,black,green,oroolong,andusedifferentflavorings,suchasmiIk,sugarorherbs.Thetemperatureandstrengthofth
14、etea1ikewisevarywidely.SometeaculturesinChinahaveebeenflourishingforsuchalongtime,itiscrucialtofirstdatebacktotheancienttimesandreviewtheoriginanddevelopmentofteacultureonthisbeautifulland.Chapter2ChineseTeaCultureandEtiquette2.1 HistoryofTeainChinaAsweallknow,Chinaisthehometownofteaculture.Thehisto
15、ryofteainChinais1ongandcomplex.TheChinesehaveenjoyedteaformillennia.ScholarshailedthebrewasacureforavarietyofaiIments;thenobiIityconsideredtheconsumptionofgoodteaasamarkoftheirstatus,andthecommonpeoplesimplyenjoyeditsflavor.TeawasfirstdiscoveredbytheChineseEmperorShennongin2737BC.Itissaidthattheempe
16、rorlikedhisdrinkingwaterboiledbeforehedrankitsoitwouldbeclean,sothatiswhathisservantsdid.Oneday,onatriptoadistantregion,heandhisarmystoppedtorest.Aservantbeganboilingwaterforhimtodrink,andadeadleaffromthewildteabushfellintothewater.Itturnedabrownishcolor,butitwasunnoticedandpresentedtotheemperoranyw
17、ay.Theemperordrankitandfounditveryrefreshing,andteawasborn.WhiIehistoricalIytheoriginofteaasamedicinalherbusefulforstayingawakeisunclear.,TheHanDynastyusedteaasmedicine.TheuseofteaasabeveragedrunkforpIeasureonsocialoccasion,sdatesfromtheTangDynastyorearlier.Chineseteawasprimarilyusedasamedicinebefor
18、ethe8thcenturyB.C.DuringthespringandAutumnPeriod,Chinesepeoplechewedtealeavesandenjoyedthetasteofthejuiceitself.Inthenextstage,Chineseteawascookedlikeasoup.Tealeaveswereeatenalongwiththesoup.Tealeaveswereevenmixedwithfood.AncientChinesebooksdocumentedthatteawaseatenandusedwithotherspicestocook.22.2
19、TeaCultureinChinaJustascoffeebecameapartofdailylifeintheWest,teabecameapartofdailylifeinChina.OnecanseeteahousesscatteredonthestreetsofChina,muchlikecafesonthestreetsoftheWest.TheChinesehavesuchacloserelationshipwithteathatanewculturerelatingtoteabegantoriseinChina.TeaCultureincludesarticles,poems,p
20、icturesabouttea,theartofmakinganddrinkingtea,andsomecustomsabouttea.TeaplaysanimportantroleinChinesesociaI1ife.TeaisalwaysofferedtoaguestimmediatelyuponenteringaChinesehome.Servingacupofteaismorethanamatterofmerepoliteness.Itisasymboloftogetherness,asharingofsomethingenjoyable,andawayofshowingrespec
21、ttovisitors.InsomeareasofChina,itmightbeconsideredrudenottotakeatleastasip.DuetotheimportanceofteainChinesesocietyandculture,teahousescanbefoundinmostChineseneighborhoodsandbusinessdistricts.Chinese-Styleteahousesofferdozensofvarietiesofhotandcoldteaconcoctions.Theyalsoserveavarietyoftea-friendlyand
22、tea-relatedsnacks.Beginninginthelateafternoon,thetypicalChineseteahousequicklybecomespackedwithstudentsandbusinesspeople,andlateratnightplayshosttoinsomniacsandnightowlssimplylookingforaplacetorelax.TheartofdrinkingandservingteaplaysamajorculturalroleinChina.Itinspirespoetryandsongs.3Mutualloveoftea
23、cementslifelongfriendship.Forcenturies,theritualofpreparingandservingteahashadaspecialplaceintheheartsandmindsofChinesearistocracy,courtofficials,intelIectualsandpoets.2.3China-TheOriginalTeaCeremonyAteaceremonyisaritualizedformofmakingtea.Onecanalsorefertothewholesetofrituals,tools,gestures,etc.use
24、dinsuchceremoniesasteaculture.Alloftheseteaceremoniesandritualscontainartificiality,abstractness,symbolismandformalismtoonedegreeoranother.4taverybasiclevel,teaceremoniesareaformalizedwayofmakingahotdrink,inaprocesswhichhasbeenrefinedtoyieldthebesttaste.Theteaceremonyreflectsthesearchforbeautyinever
25、yobjectoftheworId.Theceremonymustbeconductedinapeacefulatmosphereandinduceasenseoftranquilityandharmonyamongtheparticipants.Weal1knowthatitisveryimportanttobrewChinese-style.Afterheatingwatertoboiling;theteapotfirstisrinsedwithhotwater.Usingchopsticksorabambooteascoop,fi11teapotapproximately1/3fullw
26、ithtea1eavesandthenpourboilingwaterintothepot.Holdtheteapotoveralargebowl,lettingtheoverflowrunintothebowl.Givethetealeavesarinsebyfillingthepothalffullwithhotwater,thendrainingthewateroutimmediately,leavingonlythesoakedtealeaves.Nowfillthepottothetopwithmorehotwater,coverandpouradditionalwaterovert
27、heteapotrestingintheteabowl.Donotallowbubblestoforminthepot.Whenmixedwiththetea,bubblesformthefoamthatisnotaestheticallypleasing.Besuretonotlettheteasteeptoolong;thefirstinfusionshouldbesteepedforonly30seconds.Inlessthanaminute,pourtheteaintothecupsbymovingtheteapotaroundinacontinualmotionoverthecup
28、ssothattheyarefilledtogether.Eachcupshouldtasteexactlythesame.Aftersteeping,theteacanbepouredintoasecondteapotorteapitchertobeservedatleisure.Morewatercanbeaddedtotheteapot,anduptofiveinfusionstypicallycanbemadefromthesametealeaves.Besuretoadd1()moresecondsforthesecondbrewingand15additionalsecondsth
29、ereafter.Eachpotofteaservesthreetofourroundsanduptofiveorsix,dependingontheteaandtheserver.Thegoalisthateachroundtastesthesameasthefirst.5Chinaattachedgreatimportancetothespiritofteaceremony.TheChineseteaceremonyisthemostancientceremonyandplaysacentralroleinChineseculture.Theteaistheheartoftheceremo
30、ny:thehostandceremonyparticipantssmellthetea,tasteitandenjoythemanylayersoftastediscoveredwitheverymouthful.Chapter3BritishTeaCultureandEtiquette3.1TeaCultureinBritainBritainisthesecondlargestteaconsumerpercapitaintheworld,witheachpersonconsumingonaverage2.1kgperyear.Thepopularityofteadatesbacktothe
31、19thcenturywhenIndiawaspartoftheBritishEmpire,andBritishinterestscontrolledteaproductioninthesubcontinent.11was,however,firstintroducedinBritainbyCatherineofBraganza,queenconsortofCharles11ofEnglandinthe1660sand1670s.AsteaspreadthroughouttheUnitedKingdompeoplestartedtohaveteagardensandteadances.Thes
32、ewouldincludewatchingfireworksoradinnerpartyanddance,concludingwithaniceeveningtea.6Blackteaisusuallyservedwithmilk(nevercream)andsometimeswithsugar.Strongteaservedwithlotsofmilkandoftentwoteaspoonsofsugar,usualIyinamug,iscommonlyreferredtoasbuilder,stea.MuchofthetimeintheUnitedKingdom,teadrinkingis
33、notthedelicate,refinedculturalexpressionthattherestoftheworldimagines-acupofteaissomethingdrunkoften,withsomepeopledrinkingasmuchassixcupsofteaaday.ThisisnottosaythattheBritishdonothaveamoreformalteaceremony,butfortheworkingclassoftheUnitedKingdom,teabreaksareanessentialpartofanyday.Employersgeneral
34、lyallowbreaksforteaandsometimesbiscuitstobeserved.ThereusedtobeatraditionoftearoomsintheUKwhichprovidedthetraditionalfareofcreamandjamonscones,acombinationcommonlyknownascreamtea.However,theseestabIishmentshavedeclinedinpopularitysinceWorldWarII.InDevonandCornwal1particularly,creamteasareaspecialty.
35、Teashopsandl.yonsCornerHouseswereasuccessfulchainofsuchestablishments.Itisacommonmisconceptionthatcreamteareferstoteaservedwithcream.Thisiscertainlynotthecase.Itsimplymeansthatteaisservedwithasconewithclottedcreamandjam.73.2EnglishTeaCeremonyAswea11know,theconceptofEnglishteaceremonywasfirstintroduc
36、edbytheJapanesecultureaspartoftheirtradition.EromtheintroductionoftheteaceremonyinJapan,thepopularityofteacontinuedtotraveluntilitreachedEngland.Soforthat,itisnotamazingthatmanyoftheEnglishespecialIythosewhoarereallyteadrinkersstil1practicetheJapaneseteaceremony.ThisisalsoassociatedwiththeEnglishtea
37、partyortheEnglishteatime.ssuch,thisisinvolvedsomegatheringsandsinceitisan44Englishteaceremonytheteaisatthecenterstage.3.2.1 EnglishTeaRitualEvenveryslightlyformaleventscanbeacauseforcupsandsaucerstobeusedinsteadofmugs.Atypicalsemi-formalBritishtearitualmightrunasfollows.1. Thekettleisboiledandwaterp
38、ouredintoateapot.2. Waterisswirledaroundthepottowarmitandthenpouredout.3. 1.oosetealeaves-nowadaysoftenteabagsorthedustfromaripped-openteabag-isthenaddedtothepot.4. Waterisaddedtothepotandallowedtobrewforseveralminuteswhileateacosyisplacedonthepottokeeptheteawarm.5. Milkmaybeaddedtotheteacup,thehost
39、askingtheguestifmiIkiswanted,althoughmilkmayalternativelybeaddedaftertheteaispoured.6. Ateastrainer,likeaminiaturesieve,isplacedoverthetopofthecupandtheteapouredin.7. Thestraightblackteaisthengiventoguestsandtheyareallowedtoaddmilkandsugartotheirtaste.8. Thepotwi11normallyholdenoughteasoasnottobeemp
40、tyafterfillingthecupsofalltheguests.Ifthisisthecase,theteacosyisreplacedaftereveryonehasbeenserved,*t3.2.2 AfternnTeaAfternoonteaisalightmealtypicallyeatenbetween3pmand5pm.ThecustomofdrinkingteaoriginatedinEnglandwhenCatherineofBraganzamarriedCharles11in1661andbroughtthepracticeofdrinkingteaintheaft
41、ernoonwithherfromPortugal.9VariousplacesthatbelongedtotheformerBritishEmpirealsohavesuchameal.However,changesinsocialcustomsandworkinghoursmeanthatmostBritonswillrarelytakeafternoontea,ifatall.Traditionally,looseteaisbrewedinateapotandservedinteacupswithmiIkandsugar.Thisisaccompaniedbysandwichesscon
42、esandusuallycakesandpastriesthefoodisoftenservedonatieredstand;theremaybenosandwiches,butbreadorsconeswithbutterormargarineandoptionaljamorotherspread.Aformalafternoonteais,nowadays,usuaIlytakenasatreatinahotel,caf6orteashop.Ineverydaylife,manyBritishtakemuchsimplerrefreshmentconsistingofteaandbiscu
43、itsatteatime.Whi1elivinginWoburnAbbey,AnnaMariaRussell,DuchessofBedford,iscreditedasthefirstpersontohavetransformedafternoonteainEnglandintoalate-afternoonmealratherthansimplerefreshment.103.2. 3HighTeaHighteaisanearlyeveningmeal,typicallyeatenbetween5pmand6pm.Itwou1dsubstituteforbothafternoonteaand
44、theeveningmeal.Itisnowlargelyreplacedbyalatereveningmeal.HighTeawou1dusuallyconsistofcoldmeats,eggsorfish,cakesandsandwiches.Inafamily,ittendstobelessformalandisaninformalsnackorelseitisthemaineveningmeal.Onfarmsorotherworkingclassenvironments,highteawouldbethetraditional,substantialmealeatenbythewo
45、rkersimmediatelyafternightfall,andwouldcombineafternoonteawiththemainevenmeal.SeealsoTheUKTeaCouncilDefinition.,Chapter4DifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseTeaCultureWithtechnologicaldevelopmentandthePrOgreSSoftime,thepaceintegrationoftheworld,sculturalartsisgettingquicker.However,duetoculturaldiffer
46、encesinthehistoricalandenvironmentalconditions,thedisseminationanddevelopmentofCUltUreofteadrinkingaroundtheworldaredifferent.SuchdifferencesnotonlyIieinthestartingtimeofteadrinking,butalsointheteadrinkingcultureandetiquette.Differentregionsindifferentcountrieshavemaintaineddifferentcustomandhabitso
47、fdrinkingtea.Inamodernmulticulturalera,ifwewanttoachievecross-culturalcommunication,wemustproperlyevaluateoutowncultureandholdacorrectviewofothercountry*sculture,namely,retainownculturalcharacteristicsandatthesametimecontinuetolearnfromothersabouttheirculturalstrengths,andthenimproveourownculturalde
48、ficiencies.Chinaisthefirstcountrydiscoveringandusingtea.ThehistoryofteacultureinChinaislongandprofound.UnitedKingdomdoesnotproduceteabyitself,butitisthelargestteaconsumerintheworld.ItshapedauniquecultureoftheBritishblackteaandcreatedacomfortableelegantlifestyleoftheEuropeanafternoontea.Thedifference
49、sbetweenthetwoteacultureswi1beillustratedspecificallyinthefollowingsections.4.1 DifferencesontheStartingTimeofDrinkingTeaChinaistheoriginalhomeoftea.ThehistoryofteadrinkinginChinaisaboutthousandsofyears.Intheear1ytime,teawasusedasmedicine.Soonafter,teabegantobecomeoneofthebeverages.Drinkingteaisakindoftraditiona
