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1、Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,过去发生/已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,现在完成时的概念,Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时,主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）,现在完成时的结构,Winter has already come，,will it still be far in spring ?,主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）,否定形式 havent ( have not ） +过去分词 hasnt
2、 ( has not ) +过去分词,疑问句 把助动词 have / has 放在句首,现在完成时的结构,注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,You have planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all the trees.,区别have 和 has的用法,主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）,(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked
3、visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived,过去分词,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”， 再加“ ed ”。 ， study-studied-studied cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped shop-shopping,2、不规则变化,havehadhad am/is wasbeenarewerebeen dodidd
4、one gowentgone seesawseen,Present perfect tense 现在完成时,构成:用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.现在完成时,强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.,have/has + 过去分词,1.两个句子都表示过去发生的事；2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态,没有说明与现在的关系，它与表示过去的具体时间连用。（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）,present,past,I have lived here for two year
5、s,I lived there 2 years ago,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时: 强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，与现在有关。 一般过去时: 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,他已学英语五年了。,He has studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。,He studied English for five years.,（说明他还会继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,Ive lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)I lived he
6、re for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)He has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)He bought a house ten years ago. 他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚),一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时 (表过去的时间),当有 so far, in/during/over the past/ last f
7、ew days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时 (不能与确定的时间),Put the following sentences into English.A: 火车已经开走了. B: 什么时候开走的? A: 半个小时之前开走的.A: 这本书我已经买了两年了. B: 你在哪儿买的? A: 在我老家买的.A: 你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过. A: 什么时候看的. B: 上周星期天看的.,A: The train has left.,B: When did it leave.,A: It left half an hour ago.,A: have y
8、ou seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.,A: Ive had the book for two years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown.,现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，常与之连用的时间状语有：,before, by now (so far), once, twice, just, recently yet(否/疑), already(肯), ever, never, all ones l
9、ife , in /during/over the past /last 5 years,现在完成时中，already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。Eg：I have already finished my homework.我已经做完家庭作业了。 He had just had his meal.他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung the English song?你曾听过这首英文歌吗？ They havent started yet. 他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it.我们从来没听过这件事。
10、,（1）already,肯定句: “己经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Have you had breakfast already？(表示强调),Ive already had breakfast. (常见) = Ive had breakfast already.,注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.,(2) yet,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Have you had
11、 breakfast yet?,I havent had breakfast yet.,注意：当在肯定句中含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。,I havent seen the film yet., Mother has just cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet., I have already seen the film.,(3) ever,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,(4)
12、never,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 将ever变never,He has ever made meal.,Have they ever travelled by train?No, never.,He has never made meal.,带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,(5) just,用于句中, 表示“刚刚”Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?,(6) before,用于句末, 表示“以前”Ive
13、 seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,Exercises,1. I _(have) lunch already.2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.4. The twin _just _(see) my father.5. The twins _(see) my father just now.6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the past 5 years.,have had,arrived,has,been
14、 to,has,seen,saw,have been built,用法二： E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.,表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用,since: (自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstay
15、edheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 从句（句中的谓语动词为过去式）ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,注意: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用_,1. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,2. She has stood here since 2 hours ago.,How long has she
16、 stood here?,how long,选用for和since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandpa has been dead _ several years.,for,since,for,since,for,6. Mr. Brown has had
17、his TV _ 15 years. 7. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. 8. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . 9. My friends havent visited me _my birthday. 10. We havent used our car _ a long time . 11. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. 12. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old.,for,since,
18、for,since,for,for,since,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,注意,Please point out any mistakes and correct,She has bought the computer for two years.,had,Please point out any mistakes and correct,How long have you come to the United States？,been in,Please point out any mistakes and correct,Ann has gone to China since t
19、hree months ago.,been in,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have got to Paris for one week .,been in,Please point out any mistakes and correct,My brother has joined the army for five years.,been in,been a soldier,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have left Shanghai for 3 days.,bee
20、n away for 3 days.,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago .,kept,Please point out any mistakes and correct,The film has begun for 10 minutes.,been on,Please point out any mistakes and correct,The concert has finished for half an hour.,been over,Plea
21、se point out any mistakes and correct,His dog has died for two years .,been dead,Please point out any mistakes and correct,She has married for six years .,been married,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/go to die become a borrowLeave/ move buy openjoin start/begin finish/ endcatch a cold get up get to kn
22、ow get out close wake upgo to sleepbecome interested in,be in,be dead,have,keep,be away / be out,be a,be in/a member of,be open,be on,be over,have a cold,be up,know,be out,be closed,be awake,be asleep/ sleep,be interested in,Exercises,His father has died. (for 2 years)The football match has begun.(s
23、ince9:00a.m)The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days),His father has been dead for 2 years.,The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.,The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old.,My teacher has been a
24、way from Nanjing for 3 days,注：非延续性动词可以于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。 但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.,Tom has left Beijing. Tom hasnt left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004. He has borrowed a pen from me. He hasnt borrowed a pen from me since we argued.,重点句型: It is/ has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+ since从句,
25、eg. 他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.,这本书我借了一个月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.,I have kept the book for a month. /since a
26、 month ago.,A month has passed since I borrowed the book.,have/has been in,have/has been to,have/has gone to的区别,一、have/has been in表示已经在某地呆了多长时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如since，for，how long等。Eg：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. They have been in Canada for five years.二、have/has been to表示曾经去过某地，现在已经
27、不在那里了。可与ever，never，just等Eg：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou.你曾经去过杭州吗？have/has been to后可接次数，表示去过某地几次。 Eg：I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次 They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了三、hav
28、e/has gone to到某地去了，表示到了某地或者去某地的途中。总之，说话人不在现场，句子主语一般不用第一、二人称代词。 -Where is Tom？ Tom在哪儿？-He has gone to the bookshop. 他去书店了 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克约翰逊到伦敦去了,用法三：have been to 曾经去过某地（已返回）have gone to 去了某地 （还没有回来）,A,B,A,B,巧记：been to ，gone to 意不同，两者用法要记清； have been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行； have gone to
29、+ 地点，到某地去了已走远。 have been in + 地点，在某地呆多久。,1.I have gone to Japan before. ( )2.Guilin is very beautiful, I have been to there twice. ( )3.His father has gone to Beijing .He will be back next week( )4.Where have you gone?( ),True or false?,F,F,F,T,been,been,去掉,can you distinguish?,has gone to,have gone
30、 to,have been to,been to,been in,has been,have,been,Have,has,用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _Australia. Im sure hes already
31、 arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.,has gone to,Have been to,have been to,have been,have been to,has gone to,has gone to,Exercises,Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了,-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijin
32、g for 5 years.,Jack has been to Shanghai twice.,1.When （特殊疑问词“什么时候”）不用于现在完成时。因为它是对动作所发生的时间提问的，而现在完成时的动作却是过去所发生的。e.g - Where is Tom? - He has gone to the zoo? - When did he go? - He went there this morning.,注意,2. 被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句(that 引导)中，一般用现在完成时态。,This is the most delicious food (that) Ive ever
33、 eaten. 这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。She is the most beautiful girl (that) Ive ever seen. 她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘,3.It is the first / second time+现在完成时 This is +the最高级+名词+that+现在完成时,This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。It is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful girlIt was the third time tha
34、t the boy has been late. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。,典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have
35、comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come,D,B,当堂检测一、句式变换：（5分,每空1分）1. Jack has visited China before.(改为否定句） Jack visited China before.2. They have come into the classroom.(改为一般疑问句） come into the classroom?3. He has been here for 12 years.(划线提问） has he been here?,hasnt,Have they,How long,1、He has never sur
36、fed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （动词填空）,has he,How long,died,has been dead,4.This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _
37、_ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years_. 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _,has b
38、een open,has been away since,joined,ago,It is,since,The bus has been here for ten minutes,Correcting,1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5. When
39、has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/ been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/ for 5 years,came,did,catch,6. Ten years have passed since they got married.7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.,has,ha
40、s been in,did,open,been to,写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词1 become_-_2 break_-_3 bring _-_4 build_-_5 bite_-_6 catch_-_7 choose_-_8 cut_-_9 fall_-_10 fly_-_11 forget_-_12 grow_-_,13 hit_-_14 hurt_-_15 keep_-_16 lend_-_17 lose_-18 meet_-_19 put_-_20read_-_21 ring_-_,became become,broke broken,brought brought,built b
41、uilt,bit bit,caught caught,chose chosen,cut cut,fell fallen,flew flown,forgot forgotten,grew grown,hit hit,hurt hurt,kept kept,lent lent,lost lost,met met,put put,read read,rang rung,Exercises,( )1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont you( ) 2
42、. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch,( )3. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live( )4. His grandma _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead,B,C,B,D,( )5.
43、Where is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone( )6. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go,( )7. You havent changed your mind,_?A. do you B. are y
44、ou C. have you D. did you,( )8. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A. played B. been at C. joined D been on,A,A,C,D,( )9. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone( )10. How long have you _ this book?A. bo
45、ught B. borrowed C. had D. lent( )11. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night.A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw( )12. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has he,B,C,D,D,1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happen
46、ed to him . . knew. have known .must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written,B,B,C,D,5、Our
47、 country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
48、 . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see,C,C,C,B,9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes .
49、 I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have b
50、ecome . have made,B,B,D,B,13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she
