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1、英语专业八级写作专项训练（2）,Review,1.中心思想的表达；2.主题句的表达 (1)各主题句内容无重复 (2)主题句必须凝练 如何判断自己的主题句是否凝练? (陈述”结果”而非”行为”;陈述”本质”而非”现象”) (3)用词唯美,Warming-up Practice,Recently a group of college girls aroused a heated debate in the states because they wore flip-flaps when visiting the white house. while the girls think their ch
2、oice was ok, many criticized them of being too disrespectful. Herein China, a boy student sued a female classmate who sit in front of him in an important examination because she wore too little, which distracted him so much that he failed in the exam. Do you think university students now have suffic
3、ient awareness of what is proper to wear? Do you think university should make an explicit dress code for students? Write a composition of 400word. You should supply a title for your essay.,10 minutes for you,Tick, tickAn ode to Dress Code Dress up our moral awareness After thorough reflection, we wi
4、ll trace the benefits of dress code from various aspects.First of all, strict dress code can avoid distractions so that students can focus better on their study.Secondly, strict dress code can show respect for teachers and classmates.More importantly, strict dress code can teach students the importa
5、nce of proper dressing in the future.Therefore, the university administrators have the duty to make and enforce dress code on campus.,On the one hand, as to students themselves, dress code can foster their awareness of acceptable dressing behavior.On the other hand, as to other people, dress code ca
6、n forestall tragic consequences and deliver reverence.,历年真题分类,题目通常用一句话或若干句话引出写作话题,然后对写作任务进行限定,如说明写作目的,读者对象等.由于包含对写作任务的各种限制条件,如果误读就可能会导致整个任务失败.,写作文体,专八作文主要有两种写作文体:1.说明文One Major Problem in the Process of Urbanization(1998)The Impact of the Internet on(2001)The Most Important Pesonal Quality of a Univ
7、ersity Student(2002) 说明文就是用语言把事物的性质,特征,成因,关系,功能,用途等解释清楚的过程.说明文一般用于解释事物,事件或思想.,说明文写作方法,目的:使人明白写作意图,解释说明某一对象.因此,最重要是让读者明白作者的立意.因此,要在第一部分阐述清楚写作对策:组织结构要合乎逻辑多举例说明下定义阐释对比与对照说明原因和结果说明引说说明,One Major Problem in the Process of Urbanization(1998),Nowadays with the development of economy, existing cities are gr
8、owing bigger and new cities are appearing. What do you think is ONE of the major problems that may result from this process of urbanization? Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic given below.ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATIONIn the first part of your writing you should present
9、 your thesis statement. and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow th
10、e above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.,如何确立主题?,只要写一个问题看到题目,要用发散思维,在纸上多列出一些城市化的问题再一个个划去别人都能想到的,最后得出一个最具新意的问题.最有新意的想法就是和自己最息息相关的想法.主题只能有一个,而且要用陈述句表达.single is simple, double is trouble!环境问题经济问题城市病农村与城市的差距越来越大留守儿童农二代确定文章中心后再从几方面进行说明,用总说-分说-总说的结构,列出文
11、章的提纲.,Thesis statement: Among numerous problems brought forth by urbanization, I think, the poor second generation is such a problem of our major concern. Outline: For one thing, the education of the poor second generation has been severely disturbed by urbanization. Whats more, the mental health of
12、 the poor second generation has been deteriorated along with urbanization.,当提出一个新的名词时，一定要进行解释。“穷二代”是什么？我的定义：父母都是农民，无稳定工作，靠在城市打工维持家用。“the poor second generation” in my eyes refers to those whose parents dont have stable income and have to toil in cities to make ends meet.,与“人”相关的推理。,For one thing, th
13、e physical condition of should by all means arouse our major concern.Moreover, the mental health of should be given the top priority by all walks of life.,More about “people”,To begin with,should equip themselves with profound professional skills.Secondly, communication skills are in principle criti
14、cal to the ultimate success of.Finally, s personal qualities are ultimately vital to future orientation.,Lets try,Its said that having only one advantage is not enough to come off first in this highly competitive times; therefore, more appropriate description of a talent is one characterized by his
15、or her mastery of at least two kinds of skills, besides having a comprehensive grasp of expertise. What is your opinion of this issue? Write an essay of about 400words on the following topic:Modern concepts of Talent,The Impact of the Internet on(2001),The Internet is about to take off in China. As
16、many as 9 million people are on line, a number that is estimated to hit 20 million by the end of 2000. It is predicted that this phenomenal growth will have great impact on our society and economy. Choose one aspect of our society or economy where you think the impact will be most strongly felt. Wri
17、te an essay about 300 words entitled. The impact of the internet on.In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement. and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natura
18、l conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.,审题与构思范例,标题： The impact of the Internet on our interpersonal communication中心思想：To my min
19、d, its impact upon the interpersonal communication in our social life, among others, will be most keenly felt.结构：To begin with, the Internet can remarkably facilitate our interpersonal communication. Secondly, the Internet can greatly speed up our interpersonal communication. Thirdly, the Internet c
20、an largely economize our interpersonal communication.,这套推理还可以用于。,E-booksThe top breakthroughs of the 21st century (telephone, TV, plane, etc.)Information ageComputersP.S: all the previously mentioned objects are born in the technological age and most of them are tangible benefits.,The Most Important
21、 Pesonal Quality of a University Student(2002),All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society, we university graduates have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aim. What do you think is the most important quality of a university gr
22、aduate? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:,中心：Personally, I would like to argue that adaptability outweighs the others now that todays society runs in a state of flux.大纲：To start with, a mobile society demands talents who can easily adapt to the development of the new soc
23、iety.Secondly, a university graduate should be able to survive in new surroundings.Moreover, as interpersonal relations play an important part in peoples career, university students also need to know how to quickly adjust themselves so as to be on good terms with whatever colleagues they may work wi
24、th in the future.,This is an ambushho.ho.,Have you found some problems in this outline?1分论点有重合之嫌2分论点拖沓，冗长，不简练3分论点措词不唯美,2. 议论文Should University Students Go in for Business?(2004)Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?(2009) 议论就是用逻辑推理来阐明作者立场和观点的过程.是专八写作最常见的题型.最常用的推理类型为“总-分-总”.,从写作任务看,大致可分为两类
25、: 一是对某一问题或现象或对象的看法; Some people think that finalcial disparity affects friendship. What do you think? Write an essay about 400 words.(2007) 二是从关于某一话题的不同观点中选择一个并予以支持. Competition or Co-operation(1999) 二选一时，最好只选一方。不要两者都同意！但是，一定要提及另一方。,Should University Students Go in for Business?(2004),It was reporte
26、d in the press some time ago that a few second-and third-year students in a provincial university decided to try their hand at business in order to get prepared for the future. They opened six small shops near their university. Their teachers and classmates had different opinions about this phenomen
27、on. Some thought that students time and energy should be devoted to their academic study. What do you think? Write an essay of about 300 words on the following topic:,What do you think of this one?Therefore, in my opinion, university students should not go in for business because of the following tw
28、o reasons.Firstly, university students usually have a heavy task of theoretical study.Secondly, a complete social service network has been established on campus, and the students usually have no chance to compete with the supermarkets which offered much better service and commodities of high quality
29、.,想想能不能用到前面提到的关于“人”的推理来列提纲？,Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees. As a result, there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.（2005）,My v
30、iew of interview as a selection procedure (2005),想想能不能用到前面提到的关于“人”的推理来列提纲？,Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?(2009),Mandarin, or putonghua, is the standard service sector language in our country. But recently, employees at a big citys subway station have been busy learning dialects of
31、 other parts of the country. Proponents say that using dialects in the subway is a way to provide better service. But opponents think that encouraging the use of dialects in public counters the national policy to promote putonghua. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words on the follo
32、wing topic:,与文化相关的推理。,To begin with, ,as a culture, entails respect and renown.Moreover, ,as a culture, is worth preserving and propagandizing.,More about Culture,Firstly, culture materializes the invisible strength and serves as the driving force for the economy.Secondly, culture defines the future
33、 and peoples fate of a society.Finally, culture guarantees the stability of a nations politics.,先进健康的文化对社会有巨大的促进作用，反之亦然。文化与经济相互联系，相互影响经济是基础，经济决定文化，文化是经济的反映；文化反作用于经济，文化对经济有巨大的影响（经济雄厚，文化强势）文化与政治相互联系，相互影响政治决定文化，文化是政治的体现；文化反作用于政治，对政治有巨大的影响（反对文化霸权主义）,2011真题,According to a recent newspaper report, many fa
34、mous sites of historical interest in China have begun or are considering charging tourists higher entry fees during peak travel seasons. This has aroused a lot of public attention and also public debate. What is your opinion? Should famous Chinese sites of historical interest charge higher fees duri
35、ng peak travel season? Write an essay of about 400 words.,对社会事件的推理。,From three aspects:Politics (government)Economy (companies business)Society (people),How to apply?,Higher fees, more benefitsPersonally, my heart seconds the contention that higher entry fees should be charged during peak travel sea
36、son.Firstly, higher entry fees benefits our country in terms of domestic income.Whats more, higher entry fees benefits tourist department, which will enhance local development.Finally, higher entry fees benefits the social welfare distribution, which is conducive to shortening social wealth disparit
37、y.,Try again,Putting aside money for the future has been a tradition in China. It is an effective way to get ready for potential crisis. However, recently there are more and more “moonlites” (people who spend their earnings before the end of the month) among young people. Is it better to enjoy your
38、money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for the future? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:Is it necessary to save money for the future?,经济（人民币相对稳定；美元，欧元等引发的危机）政治 （中国；美国等多国的次贷危机）社会（人民安宁；美国等国多次频发的示威游行，如最近美国的“占领华尔街”）,具体问题要具体分析在平时 要善于积累合理的推理提纲以及优美的词句力求新颖,Homework,审题与列提纲“苹果”让人们变得孤立了吗？灾难比以前多了吗？校园犯罪之我见借钱是否对友谊有害？,
