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1、土木工程专业英语,Shield Tunneling Method盾构法施工,Shield tunneling was developed as a method of digging tunnels through the soft ground below riversThe story of Brunel hitting upon the idea when he saw a ship worm boring holes through the bottom of a shipHe was granted a patent in 1818，and commenced constructin
2、g the Thames Tunnel in London in 1823,盾构隧道发展成为通过河底部软土地层挖掘隧道的方法，当布鲁内尔看到一个船舶蠕虫在船的底部钻通一个小洞的时候，他得到启发想到这个方法。在1818年他被授予专利，1823年在伦敦的泰晤士河隧道动工兴建。,他的基本理念是用千斤顶的支撑通过软土地层时安装一个刚性的框架，用此阻止土的滑落坍塌，并且在框架内部施工隧道的结构。通过重复顶的支撑，构件支撑结构，然后隧道继续向前推进。,His basic concept was to press a rigid frame forward through soft ground with
3、jacks,thus preventing the ground from collapsing,and build the tunnel structure with in the frames.By repeating the process of jacking then constructing the support structure,the tunnel would move forward,The shield used for the Thames Tunnel was rectangular in cross sectionA later redesign，with a c
4、ircular cross section，was used by Greathead to construct the Tower Subway in 1869Cast steel segments，backfilling，and injection were all used by Greathead in his shield work, so his was the prototype of todays shield,用于泰晤士河隧道的盾构截面是矩形。后来设计为一个圆形截面，这种圆形断面被格瑞特用于1869年的伦敦塔地铁，铸造钢段，回填，并注浆，在格瑞特的盾构设计中都有运用，所以他的
5、设计是今天盾构的原型。,Thereafter，no great advances were seen in the technology until the 1960s；this plateau lasted for about a century until a sudden quantum leap，led mainly by JapanHaving been behind in the early1960s，Japan was making rapid strides of its own by the latter half of the decadeWith increasing d
6、emand for tunnels and the need to overcome hostile conditions，research related to shield development became more active,此后，直到20世纪60年代盾构技术都没有很大的发展和进步，这种水平持续了约一个世纪，直到技术的飞跃，20世纪60年代早期，主要由日本领导的盾构技术飞跃，60年代的后五年，日本自身的快速进步，随着隧道需求的增加和不良条件的克服的需要，有关盾构发展的研究变的积极而又动力。,In 1963，a mechanical shield was used for the
7、construction of a water main at Osaka .In1964，slurry was used to stabilize a tunnel face，although pipe jack excavation method was adoptedIn1969，a slurry shield73 m in diameter was used to complete a tunnel for the Keiyo Line underneath the Morigasaki CanalThis shield diameter was a world record at t
8、he timeIn1972，an earth pressure shield was developed，marking Japans coming of age in the world of tunneling,1963年，在大阪兴建水管建设采用了机械盾构，1964年，泥浆被用来稳定掌子面，虽然管插孔挖掘的方法已经采用。1969年，直径为7.3米泥水盾构被用来完成森崎运河线面的京叶线隧道。这个盾构直径是当时的世界纪录。1972年土压盾构的开发，标志着世界盾构日本时代的来临。,Japanese shield tunneling technology gained an excellent r
9、eputation during the 1980sThe overseas use of Japanese tunneling technology is perhaps best exemplified by work for the Docklands Light Railway in London，when a Japanese contractor carried out shield tunneling work underneath the River ThamesThus，technology that evolved in Japan was returned right t
10、o its birthplace under the Thames in London,20世纪80年代，日本盾构隧道技术赢得了极好的声誉。伦敦的港区轻轨线也许是日本隧道技术的海外应用最好的例证。当日本承包商在泰晤士河展开盾构隧道工作时。因此，传入日本的盾构隧道技术，返回到它的诞生地伦敦。,But with urban facilities in our major cities still needing considerable improvementthere will be future demand for tunnel excavation under harsh conditio
11、nsNow that the Law Concerning Special Measures for Public Use of Spaces Deep under Ground is in place，we have a regulated system for using our underground spaceThis will surely lead to further improvements and refinements to shield tunneling，including technology for ultra-deep subterranean tunneling.,但是我们主要城市的设备仍然需要相当大的改善。这是将来对在苛刻条件下挖掘隧道的需要。现在有关深部地下空间公共利用的专门措施的法律已经在运行。我们有规章制度来使用我们的地下空间。这会确保将来盾构隧道的提升和精炼，包括超深地下隧道技术。,谢谢观赏！,
