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1、Exercises,Reading Comprehension,Structure of the Text,Unit 6: Exercises,Vocabulary,Cloze,Translation,Exercises Reading Comprehe,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,1. At the very beginning of the article, the author points out: “ambition is a quality that is hard to praise and easy to deplore”. Why does h
2、e say so? And how is this related to the fact that presently many people are doubtful about ambition? What belief do these people hold about ambition?,Because ambition is “an unrelenting oppressor, which robs us of time and peace of mind”, meaning that ambition can mercilessly cause people much dist
3、ress and suffering, driving them to work overtime with little time left for leisure and relaxation and filling their minds with dissatisfaction, worry and anxiety. This is especially true in economically booming periods such as the present when there are more opportunities alluring people. As a resu
4、lt, presently many people are doubtful about ambition, believing that ambition has become too hard to control and is forcing us to make too great efforts and hold too strong desires which will finally destroy ourselves.,Reference,Ex. I, pp.114115,Unit 6: Reading comprehension1,Unit 6: Reading compre
5、hension,2.In paragraphs 2 and 3, the author cites some examples to show that ambition is not merely the pursuit of wealth, actually people from every walk of life have their own ambition to achieve. What different ambitions do different people have? According to the author, which of them is most com
6、monly shared by people? And what role does money play in its fulfillment?,Unit 6: Reading comprehension2,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,The author cites four examples:1) Al Gores ambition is to be elected American president;2) Americas computer moguls ambition is to control the nations cyberagenda;3)
7、 American football players ambition is to score a touchdown;4) Most peoples ambition is to search for status symbols that separate them from the crowd. The last one is most commonly shared by people. Money is not the only way but surely the most common way to realize this ambition, as it can easily
8、change into some other symbol of identity and status, such as a bigger house, a more exotic vacation, a niftier bike, a faster computer.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,3.In paragraph 3, the author says “One-upmanship is a national mania.” Do you know the meanin
9、g of the word “one-upmanship”? And can you find some other expressions in the article which have similar meaning? Whats the relationship between one-upmanship and all the above-mentioned examples of ambition? In the authors mind, ambition is not only “a quest for riches”, then what is it?,The word “
10、one-upmanship” means gaining an advantage and a feeling of superiority over other people. Expressions such as “outdo”, “excel” have similar meaning. The desire for one-upmanship can summarize all the above-mentioned examples of ambition. In the authors mind, ambition is a quest for one-upmanship to
11、be better or more successful than other people.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension3,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,4.In the sentence “One-upmanship is a national mania.”, the word “mania” is also a deliberate choice on the part of the author. What image does it evoke in your mind?,The word “mani
12、a” originally refers to a mental illness in which somebody has an obsession about something that makes them extremely anxious, violent or confused（躁狂症）. Here it means an extremely strong desire or enthusiasm for something shared by a lot of people at the same time. It evokes a picture of a lot of pe
13、ople behaving in an anxious, violent and confused way in order to surpass each other.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension4,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,5.In paragraph 4, the author says “the contest seems futile.” What does “the contest” refer to? Why is it “futile”? To prove this point, the au
14、thor describes a paradoxical phenomenon in todays society, that is, although peoples income is rising, they still have to work hard only to be able to make ends meet. According to the author, what is the cause of this phenomenon?,Unit 6: Reading comprehension5,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,“The cont
15、est” refers to the consumption competition the competition for one-upmanship in the search for status symbols that separate one from the crowd. It is “futile” because there is no chance of winning it since material pursuit is endless. The cause of this paradoxical phenomenon is that “theyre running
16、in the pack with everyone else”, that is, people are not simply struggling to own more material wealth, instead, they are struggling to surpass others to own more material wealth and thus achieve higher social status than others. They not only have to possess widely owned consumer products in order
17、not to be considered a crank or a pauper, but also have to buy expensive products beyond their financial capacity so that they can be more successful than other people with whom they compare themselves. As there are always more fashionable and more expensive luxuries coming out, their material desir
18、es seem infinite. Consequently, their rising incomes often cannot satisfy their rising wants.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,6.In paragraph 6, the author lists three negative impacts of playing the futile contest of competitive consumption on people. What are t
19、hey? What statistics and examples does the author quote to illustrate these points?,The 3 negative impacts are:1) Frustration is preordained, which is proved by the result of a Newsweek Poll that, despite the booming economy, adults found it more difficult to live the kind of life they want.2) The s
20、tress can lead to tragedy, which is illustrated by Mark Barton, a day trader who murdered 12 people and then committed suicide when he was disillusioned by stock loss.3) People routinely try to beat the system through get-rich-quick schemes, which is indicated by the popularity of legalized gambling
21、.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension6,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,7.Because of those negative effects of ambition on people, ambition has gotten many enemies. One opinion against ambition tells people to “subdue ambition” and “Search for deeper meaning in family, friends and faith”, because “
22、Money cannot buy happiness.” But does the survey result cited in paragraph 7 support this idea?,No. The 2019 survey shows a stronger relation between income and happiness than earlier polls, though marriage has a bigger impact than income.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension7,Unit 6: Reading com
23、prehension,8.In paragraph 8, it is said that Cornell University economist Robert Frank proposes a progressive consumption tax. What is the purpose of this proposal?,The purpose of this proposal is to punish those extremely ambitious people and protect people against excessive spending on luxuries in
24、 pursuit of a feeling of superiority over others.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension8,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,9.Does the author agree with Robert Franks idea? What arguments and examples does he use in paragraphs 9 and 10 to support his own point of view?,No. In Paragraph 9, he argues tha
25、t “Ambition is socially useful. It sustains economic vitality. It prods people to take risks and exert themselves.” As an example in point, he cites the invention of the Internet by ambition-driven hardworking people, which has not only brought tremendous economic benefits but also improved the gene
26、ral social attitude. In Paragraph 10, he argues that people “also venerate ambition as opportunity.” For instance, in America everyone has the opportunity to be rich, famous or powerful if they try hard, so in every walk of life people are ambitious and compete ruthlessly to be outstanding.,Referenc
27、e,Unit 6: Reading comprehension9,Unit 6: Reading comprehension,10.In the last paragraph, the author comes to the conclusion: “Ambition is bitter as often as sweet; but without it, wed be sunk.” Explain this sentence. According to this paragraph, why is ambition often bitter?,This sentence means: amb
28、ition brings people not only the joy of success but also the pain of failure; but without ambition, we would be certain to fail. Ambition is bitter when people fail to fulfill it. This happens often because people have to balance conflicting demands from their own feelings on the one hand and from t
29、he actual life on the other. People are especially likely to be disappointed when the American society makes alluring but unrealistic promises to offer everyone success, wealth, fame or power if they work hard, because it simply is not possible for everyone to become successful through determination
30、 and hard work alone.,Reference,Unit 6: Reading comprehension1,Ex. II, p.115,1.Introduction (Para .1),2.Body (Paras. 210),3.Conclusion (Para. 11),Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,Ex. II, p.1151.Introduction,1. Introduction (Para. 1),The dual nature of ambition: On the one hand, _; on the o
31、ther hand,_Doubt expressed by many people about ambition: _,Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,it is a great engine of American creativity,it is also an unrelenting oppressor, which robs us of time and,peace of mind,Ambition has gotten out of hand and is driving us to excesses of,striving an
32、d craving that are self-destructive.,1. Introduction (Para. 1) The,2.Body (Paras. 210),1) Definition of ambition (Paras. 23),Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,2) Negative effects of the most common ambition (Paras.4 6),3) Ambitions enemies and the authors refutation of them (Paras. 710),2.B
33、ody (Paras. 210)1) Defini,2.Body (Paras. 315),Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,one-upmanship,a quest for riches,2.Body (Paras. 315)Text Outl,2.Body (Paras. 315),Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,one-upmanship,a quest for riches,Examples: A._.B._.,Al Gore strains to be president.,A
34、mericas computer moguls rival to control the nations cyber agenda,2.Body (Paras. 315)Text Outl,2.Body (Paras. 315),Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,one-upmanship,a quest for riches,Examples: _.D.A more common ambition is _. And money is _.,A wide receiver prances into the end zone and rais
35、es his index finger,the search for status symbols,the most common way to satisfy this urge,2.Body (Paras. 315)Text Outl,2.Body (Paras. 210),Negative effects of the most common ambition . (Paras. 46),Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,_. _.C. _.D. _,The contest seems futile,Frustration is pre
36、ordained,The stress can lead to tragedy,People routinely try to beat the system through get-rich-quick schemes,2.Body (Paras. 210)Negative,2.Body (Paras. 210),3)Ambitions enemies and the authors refutation of them (Paras. 710),Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,People should _ Because_.2)Cor
37、nell University economist Robert Frank urges _ _.,subdue ambition, search for deeper meaning,money cannot buy happiness,we penalize,in family, friends and faith,overambition to shield people from competitive consumption,2.Body (Paras. 210)3)Ambiti,Text Outline,Unit 6: Structure of the text,3. Conclu
38、sion (Para. 11),_.,Ambition is bitter as often as sweet; but without it, wed be sunk,Text OutlineUnit 6: Structure,Part A, Ex. V, p.117Complete the following sentences with words given below, making sure that each word is used in the right form.,1. The United Nations firmly _ the violent bomb attack
39、 launched by terrorists which killed 23 civilians.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,deplored,Part A, Ex. V, p.117 1. The U,2. As more and more people prefer environmentally friendly cars, houses, food, household appliances and tourism, the use of “green” products _ in China like a “greenwave.”,Unit 6: Vocabulary,
40、aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,pervades,2. As more and more people pr,3. To spur employee productivity and improve efficiency is not an option but a _for companies committed to growth in the fast-changing new economy
41、.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,requisite,3. To spur employee productivi,4. Many _ work long hours with little rest, but researchers have found a short afternoon nap at work can significantly impr
42、ove workers alertness and productivity.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,workaholics,4. Many _ work long h,5. Due to the falling percentage of couples getting premarital medical check-ups, the number
43、 of _ and infectious diseases among infants is rising.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,hereditary,5. Due to the falling percenta,6. Economizing on water use is the best way to protect water resources, but _use of water is common along the Yangtze as many people hold that the river water is so abundant that they
44、do not need to save water at all.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,extravagant,6. Economizing on water use is,7. In the times of great changes in the global situation, what people _ for is peace and economic prosperity.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,crave,7. In the times of great chan,8. Cartoon _ is sweeping the country as
45、 bookstores are packed with Japanes and Korean comic books.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,mania,8. Cartoon _ is sweep,9. The systematic and conscious practice of making ones friends or competitors
46、 feel inferior and thereby gaining the status of being “one jump ahead” of them is called_.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,pervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,one-upmanship,9. The systematic and consciou,10. China and the United Stat
47、es cooperate in safeguarding world peace and stability, promoting global economic growth, and dealing with terrorism, transnational crimes and diseases. Their common interests _ their differences.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,Part B,aristocracy,one-upmanship,subdue,extravagant,requisite,hereditary,overwhelm,p
48、ervade,workaholic,crave,deplore,mania,overwhelm,10. China and the United State,1.In response to the _ threat of attack, the country was compelled to institute new security measures for airports and air travel. A. earnest B. elaborate C. unrelenting D. risky,1.In response to the _ threat of attack, t
49、he country was compelled to institute new security measures for airports and air travel. A. earnest B. elaborate C. unrelenting,Part B, Ex. V, p118Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.,Unit 6: Vocabulary,1.In response to the _,2. Three medical organizations c
50、oncluded that doctors should not be required to perform life-saving procedures when life support is _ for patients who are irreversibly unconscious. A. nifty B. futile C. costly D. essential,Unit 6: Vocabulary,2. Three medical organizations concluded that doctors should not be required to perform li
