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1、直译与意译,Literal Translation,Free/ liberal Translation,The definition of literal translationLiteral translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating.Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content an
2、d the style of the original literary work, it does not mean word-for-word translation, i.e, neither a word more nor a word less.A literal translator is asked not to alter the figures of speech, and strive to retain as much as possible the original sentence structures or patterns, such as SV, SVO, SV
3、C, SVA, SVOO,SVOC,SVOA.,The definition of free translationFree translation aims at the communicative effect of the translated version. It is also called communicative translation or assimilationFree translation aims at reproducing the original ideological content, and stressing the TL smoothness. It
4、 does not mean random translation.A free translator can change the original works figures of speech, sentence structures or patterns, but he can not make addition or omission of the original meaning at will. Make the implied meaning known to the TL readers.,一、直译的优势直译不仅能保持原作的特点 ,而且还可使读者逐步接受原作的文学风格，促进
5、语言多样性，丰富目的语的语言形式，以利垮文化沟通与交流， dark horse , software cold war chocolate tank fans coffee hamburger bus brandy vitamine cool show humor clone rifle poker Jeep sofa soda carnation litchi (荔枝) genegolf whisky pound bowling disco shampoo salon cartoon romantic engine AIDS radar,黑马,软件,冷战,巧克力,Strike while t
6、he iron is hot .趁热打铁。Good to begin well, better to end well. 要善始善终。You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean, if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty. (Mahatma. Gandhi)你绝对不能对人性失去信赖，人性是大海，即使这个大海里游几滴脏水，它依然是洁净的。All the world is a stage. 整个世界是个大舞台。,to be ar
7、med to teeth to show ones cardsshuttle diplomacy a gentlemans agreementto strike somebody when he is unprepared Practice makes perfect. Soon got, soon gone. Knowledge is power. Speech is silver, silence is golden.,武装到牙齿,摊牌,穿梭外交,君子协定,攻其不备,熟能生巧,来得容易，去得快。,知识就是力量。,雄辩是银，沉默是金。,二、直译意译皆可To kill two birds wi
8、th one stone 直译：一石二鸟 意译：一箭双雕；一举两得To flog a dead horse 直译：鞭打死马 意译：白费力；徒劳；白搭；枉然；事后再 做无益的议论A drop in the bucket 直译：一桶水中的一滴 意译：沧海一粟；太仓一粟；九牛一毛；微 不足道；微乎其微；不足挂齿；不值 一提；不起眼；非常渺小,Shed crocodiles tears 直译：掉鳄鱼眼泪 意译：猫哭老鼠；假慈悲competitive products 直译：具有竞争力的产品 意译：拳头产品The worse wheel of a cart creaks most. 直译：最坏的车轮最会
9、嘎吱响。 意译：才学最浅，叫得最响；出力最少，抱怨 最忙；能猫不叫，叫猫不能,三、意译优于直译In private firms, green hands need special training. 直译：在私人公司里，绿色的手都要接受特殊的 培训。 意译：在私营公司里，新手都要接受培训 。 Simon is a big mouth. Simon 直译：Simon 是个大嘴巴。意译：Simon是个爱传闲话的人 ；Simon爱搬弄 是非。,It is a long lane that has no turning. 直译：那是一条没有弯的长巷子。意译：无论多长的巷也有弯的地方（路必有弯，事必有变
10、）。 David is as poor as a church mouse. 直译：David穷得像教堂里的老鼠一样。 意译：David一贫如洗。 In his cradle, Simon started to get special training to be a knight. 直译：在摇篮里，Simon就开始为成为骑士（贵族头衔）而接受特殊训练。 意译：从童年时起， ,When invading Masco, Hitler met his Waterloo. 直译：在进攻莫斯科时，希特勒遭遇了他的滑铁卢。意译：在进攻莫斯科时，希特勒一败涂地 。As luck would have it
11、, he was caught by the teacher again. 直译：就像运气可能拥有它的那样，他再次被老师抓了。意译：不幸的是,他又一次被老师逮个正着。John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.意译：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。,Last night I heard him driving his pigs into market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。Talk of the devil and he will appear.说曹操，曹操就到。Sense comes with age.老马识途。One s
12、wallow does not make a summer.一花独放不是春。 Every dog has his day.人人都有得意的日子。,One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy./ Everyones business is nobodys business.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。He was in the seventh heaven last night.他昨晚欢天喜地，兴高采烈。Lock the stable door after the horse is stolen.贼去关门,为
13、时太晚 。（与亡羊补牢不大相同）Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.莎土比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。,John would not come out of his shell and talk to others at the party. 晚会上，约翰不愿丢掉矜持与别人交谈。 He got into trouble when he paid his bills with rubber checks.他用空头支票结账，并给自己带来了麻烦。Frank ran circles around the other boys on the basketball t
14、eam.在篮球队里弗兰克的技术最好。On a rainy day the children sometimes ran their mother ragged. 在雨天，孩子们有时候把他们的母亲闹得筋疲力尽。,You are the last person I want to see in the world 你是我最不想见的人 。 Every life has its roses and thorns 人生有苦有甜。 At the door to the restauranta stunning，porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume ask
15、ed me to remove my shoes.在通往餐厅的门口有一位妇女，涂脂抹粉、细皮嫩肉、身着和服、十分迷人，她叫我脱下鞋子。,四、不能直译的语例China policy Chinese dragon American beautyEnglish disease Indian summer Greek gift Spanish athleteFrench chalkpull ones leg,对华政策（不是“中国政策”）,麒麟（不是“中国龙”）,一种玫瑰（月月红），名为“美国丽人”（不是“美国美女”）,软骨病（不是“英国病”）,愉快宁静的晚年,害人的礼品,吹牛的人,滑石粉,开玩笑,ea
16、t ones words an apple of love handwriting on the wallbring down the househave a fitmake ones hair stand on end be taken in think a great deal of oneself pull up ones socks,收回前言（不是“食言”）,西红柿（不是“爱情之苹果”）,不祥之兆（不是“大字报”）,博得全场喝彩（不是“推倒房子”）,勃然大怒（不是“试穿”）,令人毛骨悚然恐惧（不是“令人发指气愤”）,受骗，上当（不是“被接纳”）,高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）
17、,鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜子”）,black art black stranger white coalwhite manyellow book red tapeblue stocking personal remarkWhat a shame! You dont say!,妖术（不是“黑色艺术”）,完全陌生的人（不是“黑色的陌生人”）,（作动力来源用的）水（不是“白煤”）,忠实可靠的人（不是“皮肤白的人”）,黄皮书（法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封）（不是“黄色书籍”）,官僚习气（不是“红色带子”）,女学者、女才子（不是“蓝色长统袜”）,人身攻击（不是“个人评论”）,多可惜！真遗憾！（不是“多可耻”
18、）,是吗！（不是“你别说”）,sweet water confidence man criminal lawyer service station dressing room horse sense capital ideafamiliar talkhand in glove with,淡水（不是“糖水”或“甜水”）,骗子（不是“信得过的人”）,刑事律师（不是“犯罪的律师”）,加油站（不是“服务站”）,化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）,常识（不是“马的感觉”）,好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）,庸俗的交谈（不是“熟悉的谈话”）,和狼狈为奸（不是戴着手套和合作）,五、直译意译结合不劳而获 Re
19、ap without sowing-profit by others toil. 饮水思源 When you drink the water, think of its source- never forget where ones happiness comes. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 Plant melons and get melons, sow beans and get beans - you reap what you have sown. 真金不怕火 True gold fears no fire- a person of integrity can stand severe tests.,
