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1、Literal Translation and Free Translation,直译法 literal translation,Literal translation is “made on a level lower than is sufficient to convey the content unchanged while observing TL norms. (Barkhudarov)According to Dictionary of Translation Studies, literal translation is the direct transfer of a sou
2、rce language text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate target language text.Lu Xun believed that literal translation means faithfulness and expressiveness.,Literal translation preserves in the version both the original form and content including sentence structures, style and the figur
3、e of speech.Literal translation treats sentences as basic units and take the whole text into consideration.,直译法 literal translation,一般认为，译文形式和内容都与原文一致的谓之直译。（方梦之，2011:101） 直译就是不仅忠实于原文内容而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法。1.忠于原文内容。2. 忠于原文形式。在保持原文内容前提下，力求使译文和原文在选词用字、句法结构、修辞及风格特征等方面尽可能的趋同。,Literal translation is not equal t
4、o translating word for word,black tea bulls eyetalk horsecatch a cold,红茶靶心吹牛感冒,一、直译法经常用于一些短语和习语的翻译。hot line 热线go into the red 出现赤字cold war 冷战Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。,二、含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语和习语，直译可以丰富译语语言。He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile
5、 tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。,In the court action, Ray sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness.在法庭诉讼中，雷突然打出了他的王牌请出一位意想不到的证人。,三、英语句子结构与中文较为接近的时候，直译能使译文显得通顺自然。Speech is silver, silence is golden.雄辩是银，沉默是金。,The benefits of literal translation,1. reflecting the
6、 sense and flavor of the foreign country concerned2. absorbing some exotic expressions (loan words and borrowed words),意译法 free translation,Free translation is “made on a level higher than is necessary to convey the content unchanged while observing TL norms. (Barkhudarov) According to Dictionary of
7、 Translation Studies, free translation is defined as a type of translation in which more attention is paid to producing a natural TL than to preserving the SL wording intact.,Free translation is more TL-oriented than literal translation. It reproduces the matter without the manner and the content wi
8、thout the form of the original. (Newmark),意译就是要在超越译出语文本词汇等语言符号的基础上，尽可能的传达原文本中的精神。意译法主要通过生成语言上和使用习惯上都趋向于译入语的文本，以此适合译入语读者的口味。(Shuttleworth&Cowie1997：151),使用意译的情况,1. 包含典故的文化习语英语和中文表达的语义有较大差异，需要按照汉语习惯进行表达，以避免违反文化习惯。Waterloo Bridge 魂断蓝桥,as timid as a harea land of honey and milka white elephantto laugh o
9、ff ones headAchilles heelput the cart before the horse,胆小如鼠鱼米之乡无用而累赘的东西笑掉大牙致命的要害本末倒置,二、英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义，但是语义有所差异，必须按照汉语的语言习惯表达。One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。,Literal translation V.S. Free translation,1. Both should be faithful to the original ideas of
10、 the original work.2. Literal translation and free translation is complementary to each other.3. There are some limitations for both.,直译和意译,直译法：忠实于原文内容为第一位；忠实于原文形式在第二位；通顺的译文形式放在第三位。意译法：忠实于原文内容为第一位；通顺的译文形式在第二位，不拘泥于原文的形式。直译和意译二者是互为补充、相辅相成的。在翻译过程中，译者往往无法部分具体情况自始至终一味坚持直译，或者仅仅采用意译一种方法。,“ Really, you carr
11、y your age astonishingly well, Nancy.” Said the doctor, for he saw no change whatever in her.“南希，你可是一点儿也不见老啊”， 医生说道，因为他看不出她有什么变化。,It means killing two birds with one stone.A： 这意味着一石二鸟。B： 这意味着一举两得。,你不要班门弄斧。A: Dont display your axe at Lu Bans door.B: Never offer to teach fish to swim.,Dont take the lo
12、w-fat label as a license to eat. 不能因为食品表明低脂肪，就可以敞开大吃。别把标有“低脂肪”的标签看成是“可敞开食用”的许可证。,短文翻译（讨论）,As we topped the hill, the clouds lifted and the harbor looked most beautiful in its semicircle of hills and halflights. The color of a pale pearl grey and of a fairy texture. Quite indescribable and unpaintabl
13、e, the air crisp and fresh. This Arctic scenery has a beauty which is the exact antithesis of the Christmas card of tradition. Soft, melting halftones. Nothing brittle or garish.,【译文】我们到了山顶，云消雾散，只见海港在围成半圆形的小山丛中，朦朦胧胧，煞是好看。这一带充满着珍珠似的银灰色，宛如仙境，无法形容，也无法描绘。空气清新宜人。这北极地区景色之美，同传统的圣诞节卡适成对照，它浓淡交融，光影柔和，清雅绝俗。,【赏析】原文简明易读，这样的文字难译。再读译文，译者不拘泥于原文形式，处理得一气呵成，毫无欧化和生硬之感。他根据原文的意思适度加了些字，因而句子连接得非常自然。如翻译the clouds lifted时加了“雾散”，翻译第二句时加了“这一带充满着”。这类加字符合原文精神，令译文更加符合汉语习惯。读这段译文，足见译者中文底蕴之深，遣词造句皆恰到好处。这也提醒我们，学习英语时千万不要忽略加强汉语修养，否则英语再好也难出好译文。,！,
