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1、作文,一、话题类作文,2012年06月四级作文,For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1 目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2 出现这一现象的原因3 我对这一现象的看法和建议, Nowadays, there is a widespread conce
2、rn over excessive packaging in our country. It is known to all that excessive packaging has negative influences on consumers. And people would turn pale at the very mention of excessive packaging., There are many reasons why excessive packaging emerges, but in general, they come down to three major
3、ones. For one thing, I argue, Chinese consumers care more about packaging than product itself. For another, the packaging often represents the quality of product, so the manufacturer is eager to do excessive packaging. But the prime reason is perhaps that the department concerned turns a blind eye t
4、o this irrational phenomenon., In regard to this problem, steps should be taken to minimize it. The first thing we should do is to emphasize products quality over its packaging. Another thing we can do is to strengthen the supervision on excessive packaging. In addition, the Internet is one of the m
5、ost effective media that remind consumers to spend reasonably.,1 对立观点式,A有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C我的看法。,Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They c
6、onsider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X a
7、lso may X 的有一个坏处。,2 批驳观点式,A一个错误观点。 B 我不同意,Many people argue that 错误观点. By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释. An example they have presented is that 一个例子.There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反
8、的观点.There are a number of reasons behind my belief.列举理由和例子.,3 社会问题（现象）式,A一个社会问题或者现象。 B 产生的原因 C对社会和我们生活的影响 D 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）即：“描述现象”“分析原因” “建议措施”,Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According
9、to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达） in the following aspects. A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more
10、 harm. Based on the above discussions, I suggest that we should .,议论文的框架,1.不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ） There is a widespread concern over the issue that作文题目 .But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that 观点一 . In their views there ar
11、e 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, 原因一. Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二 . So it goes without saying that 观点一 People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that观点二 .In their point of view, on the one hand，原因一. On the o
12、ther hand,原因二. Therefore, there is no doubt that观点二. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二.It is not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _.,（2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)作文题目. In fact, there are both advantages an
13、d disadvantages in 题目议题. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, 优点一 . And secondly优点二 . Just as a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides,讨论议题is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, 缺点一 . In
14、addition, 缺点二 . To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of讨论议题 into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the 讨论议题 .,( 3 ) 答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)作文题目.It is
15、 really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, 途径一 . In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving proble
16、m is途径二 . Above all, to solve the problem of作文题目 , we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, 方法 .,( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文 It is well known to us that the proverb: 谚语 has a profound significance and value not only in
17、 our job but also in our study. It means谚语的含义 . The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is例子一 . Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb谚语 . With the rapid development of scien
18、ce and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying:谚语 . The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.,常用句子,There are a dozen of reasons behind
19、my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.,1.表示原因 There are three reasons for this2. 表示好处It is of great benefit to us3. 表示坏处However，everything divides into two It is harmful to us4. 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 I
20、t is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth,5. 表示措施We should try our best to overcome the difficulties6. 表示变化 Some changes have taken place in the past five years The computer has brought about many changes in education7. 表示事实、现状 We cannot ignore the fact that8表示比较I prefe
21、r to read rather than watch TV,9表示数量 It has increased（decreased）fromto 10表示看法 People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth 11表示结论From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that is necessary，however， its method should be improved 12套语 This is a topic that is bei
22、ng widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it,二、图画类作文,2013年06月四级作文,For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things bef
23、ore undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.对白：SON: Dad, I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste.DAD: If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything.,四级考试图画作文盛行 三段式写法要掌握,第一段，重点描述图画内容。这点在题干中也有强调(with a brief description of the pict
24、ure)。对图画内容的描述可以饮用图画中人物的对话。简要描述即可，不用发散或挖掘。也就意味着，事实上你若看不懂图画中的“核废物”（ disposing of nuclear waste），其实没关系，照抄就好。,四级考试图画作文盛行 三段式写法要掌握,第二段，阐明观点。而观点在题干中事实上给得很清楚：the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. 这进一步说明仔细审清题干比看懂图画中的对话更重要。阐明观点之后的思路与一般的六级提纲型写作一致，如我们一般在课上所提的，可以先举例说明现象、然后再探讨导致现
25、象的原因以及该现象可能导致的影响等;还可结合数字、研究、名言等进行论证。,四级考试图画作文盛行 三段式写法要掌握,末段，除了总结观点外，一般还可以提出建议。这段的写法无论是图画、图表还是提纲写作、甚至格言谚语型写作，都差别不大。,范文1,(1). In this picture, we can tell that the son is talking to his father about his concern about the nuclear waste. His father told him that if he can empty the dustbin first, he can
26、 do anything. This is an easy but very important story, telling us that we have to focus on things around our daily life first, and then the things great enough in the world.,(2). In our daily life, it is very common to find some people that talk about their great minds on topics that far away from
27、their lives. However, they provide little concern on staffs that around their own daily lives. These people are usually not very successful because their minds are beyond their grasp. To this end, students who want to be a better man, have to know that one can become greater and greater if they can
28、complete things around their daily life well one by one. They may stand on the top of the mountain in the society finally.,范文2,(1). Talking in the cartoon are two man, who are a boy and his father. The boy is worried about the expectable impacts the disposal of the nuclear waste may cause, while his
29、 father is telling him that what matters now should be emptying the dustbin in front of them.,(2). It is the profound implication beneath the surface of this simple and sarcastic drawing that ought to be taken into account: one who can cope with small tasks first can then undertake something big. Ta
30、king a look around, we can easily find some students dreaming of their brilliant future but unwilling to attend classes or to do homework, some netizens worried about the fate of our nation but refusing to better themselves first, some officials claiming their determinations in making our society a
31、better place but reluctant to give up parts of their own interests.,Such phenomena collectively reflect the fact that some modern citizens, especially a number of young people, lack the spirit of “think big, down to earth”. This can be chiefly due to the fact that these people are so lazy and blind
32、that they are only in want of a fruitful outcome but never make any efforts. As a famous saying goes, you reap what you sow. Those who wants to fly but forget the power of the gravity will be sure to fall down on the ground and hurt badly as a result.,(3). Therefore, I suppose it is imperative for y
33、oung people to understand the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. Not only are we supposed to learn knowledge and to enhance our abilities, we also need to take seriously the assignments we confront. I believe only after each of us manages to strengthen himself or hers
34、elf will the problems worrying us now be settled in the days to come.,三、图表类作文,图表作文的篇章结构,写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议,图表作文常用的句型,（1）常用的开篇句型（即概述图表内容时常用的表达法） According to the t
35、able/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根据该表/图，我们可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 该表/图表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表/图所示，,(2) 描述增减
36、变化常用的句型, Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramati
37、c) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).,对于线性图表的描述,上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组： to increase to go up to rise to grow to jump to leap to soar to shoot to pick up,b. 可以使用的名词：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward trend,2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：,a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体
38、数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe peak of具体数据c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the peak of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据,下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fallto decreaseto go downto slideto collapseto declineto drop,b. 可以使用的名词：a collapsea decreasea falla declinea drop,2. 对于下降到某
39、个位置的描述：,a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe bottom of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。,对于平稳的趋势的描述：,可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level offto remain constantto stay the same,表示程度的副词：,1. 程度较大：considerablydramaticallygre
40、atlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly,2. 程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily,下表是A市从2003年到2005年各种社会犯罪案件的情况统计。请对该图表进行描述并进行分析，并呼吁为避免治安局势恶化，要引起各方关注。,An Analysis of the Social Crimes in City AThe table above shows the number of incidents with a range of social crimes in City A
41、over a 3-year period, from 2003 to 2005. The types of the social crimes include serious assault, robbery, sexual assault, breaking into homes, theft of a motor vehicle, fraud and vandalism.,From the table, it can be seen that the total number of incidents increases from 290 in 2003 to 319 in 2005. A
42、mong the seven social crimes, there is a steady growth in robbery (28 in 2003, 34 in 2004, and 38 in 2005), breaking into homes (16 in 2003, 20 in 2004, and 27 in 2005), and theft of a motor vehicle (24 in 2003, 27 in 2004, and 32 in 2005). There is no significant change in the other areas, and the
43、numbers remain at the same level.,Social problems can be reflected from the increasing numbers. In order to prevent the situation from becoming worse and to keep a stable social system, all sides concerned must find an efficient way to cope with it. The authorities related should improve the system and carry out regulations more strictly. Meanwhile, ordinary citizens should abide by laws and regulations.,THANK YOU!,
