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1、Articles,冠词,Grammar,中考对冠词的考查主要集中在以下几点,1. 不定冠词a/an的基本用法2. 定冠词the的基本用法3. 不用冠词的情况（零冠词）,考查冠词的形式一般为单项选择，有时也会在完型填空和选词填空等题型中出现,1、知道冠词的用法及分类,1. 用法：冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来 说明名词指的人或事物。它不能离开名词 单独使用。2. 分类：,冠词,不定冠词：a 、an,定冠词：the,零冠词：（不用冠词）,a/an,不定冠词,2、掌握不定冠词的用法,当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时，通常用不定冠词。例如： Long long ago there was an old
2、king who had a very beautiful daughter.表示“每一”的意思，常用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，相当于every。例如： Take the medicine three times a day.用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。例如： I have read the books twice, but I want to read a third time.固定搭配。例如： a lot of 许多，a great deal of 大量 等等词组，固定搭配。,词组或成语a little a few a lot a type of go for a swi
3、m go for a picnic give sb. a handleave a message a great many in a hurry in a minute in a word have a cold for a while 暂时，一段时间 after a while 不久，过一会have a try have a good timehave a rest play a trick on,a / an 的区别,a / an 的区别： a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。可用这样一句话记住它们的用法：不见元音别施恩（n）。特殊情况
4、：a usual boy ; a useful book ; a university ; a one leg dog an honest boy ; an hour ; an honor,1. a, e, i, o, u五个元音字母处于词首 时，未必都是元音音素，u发音 ju:或ju前面用冠词a，u读时 前面用冠词an。,不定冠词的用法,3. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的 字母有：f ef, h eit, l el, n en, r a:, s es, x eks 。 There is an “R” in the word.This is a European country. Eur
5、opean词首字母不发音， j是辅 音音素。This is a one-eyed dog. one w是辅音音素。,不定冠词的用法,Exercise,分析 ： a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。,不定冠词的用法,例1： Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,例2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析 ： 在名词前使用a或an要取
6、决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。,不定冠词的用法,例4 Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析： 使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。,不定冠词的用法,例5. English is _language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /,分析 a language意为“一种语言”
7、。language 是可数名词。,不定冠词的用法,例7： Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 ： 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。,不定冠词的用法,The,定冠词,The的用法小结,1. 特指双方都明白的人或物；或者上文提到 过的人或事： Take the medicine.把药吃了。 He bought a house. Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 2. 用于方位名
8、词前 In the south,3. 指世上独一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth,4. 与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人 the rich 富人; the living 生者 5. 用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词 only， very， same等前面. Eg: I live on the second floor. 我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6. 表示年代 In the 1990s(20世纪90年代),7. 江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等地理名词
9、前： eg: the Pacific, the Yellow River8. 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机 关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the Peoples Republic of China 中国 the United States 美国,9. 用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。10. 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens, the Browns 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇),8. 用在惯用语中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day afte
10、r tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky , in the dark,in the rain, in the middle (of), in the end, in the future, at the moment, 目前 by the way, on the phone, make the bed, with the help of, listen to the radio, etc.,定冠词用法口诀： 特定双熟悉，上文已提及； 世上独无二，序数最高级； 某些专有名，习语及乐器； 形容一类人，复数姓
11、氏前。,Exercise,例: There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析 : 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,定冠词的用法,例: _ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,分析: 名词后有表示范围、
12、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,定冠词的用法,例3: _ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B. A C. One D. An,分析: 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。Mary is the third to come in.,定冠词的用法,例: Winter is _ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so,分析 : 形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。
13、 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.,定冠词的用法,例: _ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A. The, the, the B. A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a,分析 : 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无 二的物体名词前。,定冠词的用法,例: We live in _ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some,分析: 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加
14、the。 The sun rises in the east.,定冠词的用法,例: _ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A. / B. The C. Mr. D. A,分析 : the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,定冠词的用法,例: He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./,分析 : the普通名词构成专有名词。 the United Statesthe United Nations the Peoples Rep
15、ublic of China,定冠词的用法,例: I was playing _ piano at eight yesterday morning. A. a B./ C. the D. this,分析: play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute.表示数量时可用a。 This is a new piano against the wall.,定冠词的用法,例10: Our teacher gets up early in _ morning. A. the
16、 B./ C. a D. an,分析: 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening)in the daytime at the beginningin the end,定冠词的用法,例12: Last night we went to _ cinema. A. the B. a C./ D. those,分析 :牢记一些固定搭配：go to the concert (theatre),定冠词的用法,例13: _ young should care for and help _ old. A. The, a B. The, the C.
17、A, the D. An, an,分析 :the形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful,定冠词的用法,例14 : The small town lies on _ Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,分析 : 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain华北平原,定冠词的用法,不用冠词,零冠词,如：,Its Sunday today.今天是星期天。,
18、He was born on June 12th, 1999. 他出生于 1999 年 6 月 12 日。,Today is Fathers Day. 今天是父亲节。,If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？,注意：(1) 特指某年的季节或与 during 连用时用定冠词 the。,如：,in the winter of 2011 在 2011 年的冬天,1在年、月、季节、星期、日期及某些节 日前不用冠词。,(2) 节日如果用“Festival”则要加冠词，如果用“Day”则不用冠词。,the Spring Festiv
19、al / National Day,如： I like playing badminton and chess. 我喜欢打羽毛球和下象棋。,注意：三餐前如有形容词修饰时也要用冠词。如：,After a quick breakfast, he went to school. 他迅速吃了早餐就去上学了。,After lunch Aunt Huang came. 午饭后黄阿姨来了.,2. 在三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏和学科名称 前不用冠词。,3. 当用 by 表示乘坐某种交通工具时，中间不用冠词。 如： by bus/train/bike/air 乘公交车/火车/自行车/飞机4. 在一些固定短语中不用
20、冠词。如：,at home 在家at noon 在中午by mistake 错误地on time 按时；准时at work 在上班in class 在课堂上go to school 去上学,at night 在晚上on foot 步行in time 及时day and night 日日夜夜in surprise 吃惊地on show 展览go to bed 上床睡觉,1.在某些词组，成语或习语中_。,不用冠词,如：by train/bus/taxi/sea/car,试比较：He went there by _ sea.He used to live by _ sea.,the,He goes
21、to work by _ car.He goes to work in _ black car.,a,零冠词助记口诀,零冠词有点繁, 记住口诀就不难。 三餐、运动、乘车船，节日、月份加头衔， 泛指星期和四季，抽象物质学科前， 国家、城市、大学校， 街道、广场与公园，（名称） 不用冠词要当心， 用与不用莫等闲。,2.下列词组中，有无冠词意义不同。,上学,去学校,发生,代替,在的前面（物体外）,在的前部（物体内）,go to school _go to the school _take place _take the place of _in front of _in the front of _
22、be in hospital _be in the hospital _be at school _be at the school _,在住院,在医院里,在学校,在求学,Exercise,例1 : Paper is made of _ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that,分析 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Wood can be made into chairs and tables.Iron is a kind of metal.,零冠词的用法,例: _ January is the first month of the year. A. The B. A
23、 C. / D. That,分析 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。Spring is coming.He was born in December.如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。He was born in the Summer of 1964.,零冠词的用法,例: We have no classes on _ Sundays. A. the B. these C. D. those,分析 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,例: I studies _English in_ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an
24、, an D. /, the,分析 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry)China is in Asia.in Germany (Japan)in Africa (Europe ),零冠词的用法,例: They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C. / D. this,分析 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。 Christmas Day New years Eve National Day Childrens Day Teachers Day W
25、all Street,零冠词的用法,例6: He doesnt have _ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. /,分析 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿的饭”，可加a。 have a big supper (nice lunch),零冠词的用法,例7. We go to work by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one,分析 表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (
26、water, air, land) 如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。,零冠词的用法,例8. He often works late at _ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all,分析 表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。,零冠词的用法,I really like _ book you lent me yesterday.,C,Aa Ban Cthe D不填,解析：表示特指或指谈话双
27、方都知道的那本书，用定冠词the。故选 C。,Her daughter began to play _ piano when she was five. Now shes very good at it.,解析：表示演奏某乐器前要用定冠词 the， 故选 C。,C,直击中考,Aa Ban Cthe D不填,3. In LA Lingling lived with _ Smiths and got on well with the host family.,B,Aa Bthe C/,解析：“the姓氏复数”可以表示一家人或夫妇二人。 故选 B。,4. Miss Liu wants to lose
28、 weight. She just has _ cup of milk for _ breakfast every day.,解析：“一杯牛奶”的表达为 a cup of milk； 三餐前不加冠词。故选 B。,B,Aa; the Ba; 不填 Cthe; a Dthe; 不填,5. Do you know _ girl who is standing under _ tree? Of course! She is Lucy, my classmate.,A,Athe; the Ba; aCa; / D/; the,解析：表示特指“那个站在那棵树下的女孩”，用定冠词the； 那棵树也是特指，故
29、用 the。,6. I lost _ pen he gave me yesterday, but now Ive bought _ new one.,B,A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a,解析：第一空特指“昨天他给我的那枝钢笔”，故用 the；第二空泛指“一枝钢笔”，表示数量“一”，故用 a。,7. Dont talk to Simon like that. He is just _ eleven-year-old boy.,B,A. a B. an C. the D./,解析：题意：不要那样对西蒙说话，他只是一个 11 岁的小 男孩。此处表示泛指，且后面 eleven-
30、year-old 是以元 音音素开头的单词，故选 B。,8. What _ interesting cat it is! Yes, I like it very much.,解析：根据题意“多么有趣的一只猫！”可知表示数量“一”， 且 interesting 是以元音音素开头，故选 B。,B,A. a B. an C. the D./,9. Its _ pleasure to see_ sun rising in _ east.,C,A/; the; / Ba; /; /Ca; the; the D/; the; the,解析：第一空考查 “Its a pleasure to do sth.”
31、 句型，其中 pleasure 是抽象名词具体化，意为“一件愉快的事情”； 第二空表示独一无二的事物，要用定冠词 the；第三空 表示方位，用定冠词 the。故选 C。,10. _ apple a day keeps the doctor away! What do you mean? I have never heard of _ saying before.,AAn; a BAn; the CA; the DA; a,B,11. In _ first photo, the man is playing _ guitar.,A,Athe; the Bthe; 不填 Ca; a,解析：在序数词和表示乐器的名词前用定冠词 the。,12. Lao She was a very famous writer and even _ young like his works.,A,Athe B/ Ca,解析：在形容词前用 the 表示这一类人，the young 年轻人。,
