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1、英语语法要点及习题,王家井镇中心完小,一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.
2、,5. 以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes; 其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos; zero加s,es均可。6不规则名词复数： policeman-policemen, man-men, policewoman-policewomen, foot-feet, mouse-mice woman-women, fish-fish, child-children . tooth-teeth people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,写出下列各词
3、的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_,we,them,these,their,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,straw
4、berries,thieves,yo-yos,peaches,sandwiches,men,women,paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea,二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。,1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一
5、个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的构成,1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：Where is my bike?,一般现在时的变化,
6、2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：
7、疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?,动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s， 如：cook-cooks, 2以s. sh. ch. x. o结尾，加-es， 如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches , go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如：study-studies,一般现在时用法专练:,写出下列动词的第三人称单数,drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plan
8、t_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_,写出下列动词的第三人称单数,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,comes,watches,plants,flies,studies,brushes,does,teaches,用括号内动词的适当形式填空。,1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to th
9、e zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.,has,are,dont watch,doesn
10、t go,Do,like,do,to do,Do,read,teaches,take,are,11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not li
11、ke P.E. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.,likes,have,looks,do,does,goes,watches,have,is,am,按照要求改写句子,1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定
12、回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ _5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _,Does Amy like playing computer games?,Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day? No,I dont.,Does she like milk? Yes, she does.,No,
13、she doesnt.,We dont go to school every morning.,按照要求改写句子,6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _,He doesnt speak
14、English very well.,What do you like to do in the park?,Where does John come?,Is she always a good student?,No,she isnt.,Simon and Daniel dont like going skating.,改错 (划出错误的地方将正确的写在横线上),1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. W
15、u teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,_,Does,_,like,_,likes to,_,tesches,_,doesnt,现在进行时,1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问句的基本结构为： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词 + be + 动词ing?
16、,动词加ing的变化规则,1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习：,写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _ make_ go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_
17、 sit _ begin_ shop_,playing,running,swimming,making,going,liking,writing,skiing,reading,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,buying,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,beginning,shopping,用所给的动词的正确形式填空：,1.The boy _( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .
18、3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._He
19、len_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .,are drawing,are singing,is cooking,are,doing,are having,arent watering,are dancing,is listening,are having,washing,Is,句型转换：,1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ 3Im playing the football in the
20、 playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)_,Are they doing housework ?,They arent doing housework .,Are the students cleaning the classroom ?,Yes,they are .,No,they arent .,What are you doing in the playground ?,Where is Tom reading books?,将来时理论及练习,一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
21、及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do；will+ do.,三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some
22、改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?,五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.
23、 What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to go to bed?,同义句：be going to = will,I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：,填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _
24、have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday I _ _ _ play basketball. What _you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _buy some fruit 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?,改句子:,
25、5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going
26、to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _she _ _ _after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) going to see a play the day after tomorrow.,用所给词的适当形式填空,11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _(go) to Shanghai next
27、 week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.,16. What _ (d0) you do last Su
28、nday?I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _(plan) for my study now,形容词的比较级,1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词th
29、an。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。 2形容词加er的规则： 一般在词尾加er ； 以字母e 结尾，加r ； 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。 3不规则形容词比较级： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful,副词的比较级,1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2副词比较级的变化规则
30、基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)三、练习,写出下列形容词或副词的比较级,old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful _ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_,older,younger,taller,longer,shorter,stronger,bigger,smaller,fatter,thinner,heavyer,lighte
31、r,better,lower,higher,slower,faster,later,earlyer,farther,better,more beautiful,根据句意填入单词的正确形式：,1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers?
32、 Hers is. 6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys. 7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.,根据句意填入单词的正确形式：,8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pi
33、g? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_. 14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow). 15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.,翻译句子：,1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？ _ are 2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是
34、她的？我想是她的。 _ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _ apples _ _,your _ or your _? My _ _. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.,6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _ as _ as _ _ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。 _ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him. 8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to
35、_ _ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 _ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.,11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise,youll _ _ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。 _you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I
36、_it _than_. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_.All my_ _ _than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_ _ up _than me.,16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 _the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。 _ you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me.
37、19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_ _ _than my _. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 _sweater_ as_as_. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。 My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one. 22. Im taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) Im _ as _ as Mike .,There be 句型与have, has的区别,1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be
38、动词的那个名词决定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。,5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How muc
39、h + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？,Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”,1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden. 7. Wha
40、t do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building? 9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase?,11. My father_a story-book. 12. _a story-book on the table. 13. _any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students_in the classroom? 15. My parents_some nice pictures. 16. _some maps on the wall. 17. _a m
41、ap of the world on the wall. 18. David_a telescope. 19. Davids friends_some tents. 20. _many children on the hill.,用恰当的be动词填空,1、There_a lot of sweets in the box. 2、There _some milk in the glass. 3、There_ some people under the the big tree. 4、There _a picture and a map on the wall. 5、There _a box of
42、rubbers near the books. 6、There _lots of flowers in our garden last year. 7、There _a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 8、There_ four cups of coffee on the table.,Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”,1. I_ a nice puppet. 2. He_a good friend. 3. They_ some masks. 4. We_some flowers. 5. She_
43、a duck. 6. My father_ a new bike. 7. Her mother_a vase. 8. Our teacher_ an English book. 9. Our teachers_a basketball. 10. Their parents_some blankets,11. Nancy_many skirts. 12. David_some jackets. 13. My friends_a football. 14. What do you_? 15. What does Mike_? 16. What do your friends_? 17. What
44、does Helen_? 18. His brother_a basketball. 19. Her sister_a nice doll. 20. Miss Li_an English book.,人称代词和物主代词,1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,填写代词表,用所给词的适当形式填空,1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _is very
45、big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but whe
46、res _? ( you ) 8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they) 9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ),11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. (
47、 she ) 13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 17. _dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we ) 18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( th
48、ey ) 19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _? ( you ) 21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she ),用am, is, are 填空,1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall
49、 and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?,11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _
50、 a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there.,21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David
