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1、1,1,Unit 1 Background to Britain,2,PART ICultural Focus,Text A The peoples of Britain,3,3,Warm-up Activities,What is the full name of the British state? What countries does it consist of?What is the total population of the United Kingdom? Where do most people live?,4,4,5,5,6,6,Do you know the meanin
2、g of the following terms?,Celts BritainEnglandAnglo-Saxons Indo-European language Germanic languageVikingsNorman conquest,7,Background Information,1. Land2. People 3. Characteristics of the English people,8,8,Land,The British Isles is a traditional term used to identify the group of islands off the
3、northwest coast of Europe consisting of Great Britain, Ireland and the many smaller adjacent islands (over 16). These islands form an archipelago off the west coast of Europe, 315,134 km2 (121,674 square miles).To many Irish people as well as Scottish and Welsh nationalists, the term British Isles i
4、s unacceptable.,9,9,Land,The term is no longer used in Irish state documents, has been abandoned from Irish schoolbooks and is being phased out of textbooks. Its usage is also decreasing in official British state documentation, out of sensitivity to the concerns of Irish, Scottish and Welsh people a
5、nd the evolving new geo-political relationships.,10,10,Alternatives,However the issue of a replacement term remains unsettled as of 2003, though in the context of the Northern Ireland peace process the term Islands of the North Atlantic (IONA), a term initially created by former Conservative Party M
6、P Sir John Biggs-Davison, has been used as a neutral term to describe these islands .,11,11,Land,The name Great Britain was not applied to this large island until the 17th century. Its southern part adopted the name England in the 5th century when groups of invaders from Northern Europe, traditional
7、ly called the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, were taking possession of this area. Their language, the English language, spread far and wide and later became the official language of the nation.,12,12,Beginning with the fifth century, some Germanic tribes known as the Anglo-Saxons started their invasion
8、of England. Their conquest of the small island country was so successful that their language, Old English, soon after became the dominant language on the island.,Land,13,13,Anglo-Saxons achieved little success in annexing the southwestern part, traditionally called Wales, then the main stronghold(据点
9、，要塞) into which the native Celts or Britons, had retreated when the Roman invaders conquered what is now called England in the first century A.D.,Land,14,14,One of an Indo-European people originally of central Europe and spreading to western Europe, the British Isles, and southeast to Galatia during
10、 pre-Roman times, especially a Briton or Gaul. 凯尔特人印欧民族的一支，最初分布在中欧，在前罗马帝国时期遍及欧洲西部、不列颠群岛和加拉提亚东南部。尤指不列颠人或高卢人,Land,15,15,Land,The “Engl-”part of the word comes from the word Angles while the “-ish” part means “belonging to”. The word English means “the language that belongs to the Angles”.,16,16,Land,T
11、he northern part of the island was originally dominated by people generally called the Scots. In the 9th century the Scots established their own kingdom. The Scottish Kingdom, being weaker than its neighbor the English Kingdom, was often forced to vow allegiance（忠诚） to the English king.,17,17,Northe
12、rn Ireland,To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Ireland. Ireland was once an independent country and there had emerged many kingdoms before the Anglo-Norman invaders come in the 13th century. During the English bourgeois revolution Oliver Cromwell invaded the island and
13、 this started the immigration of the English protestant settlers.,18,18,The Irish people opposed the annexation and fought to regain their independence. Their successful struggle finally led to the establishment of the Republic of Ireland in 1927. Since most of the English protestant settlers refuse
14、d to separate themselves from their home country, they occupied the northeast corner, about 14,000 square kilometers, of the island and kept it within the British Kingdom, which thus became the United Kingdom of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Northern Ireland,19,19,People,About tow thousand
15、 years ago, Britain was inhabited by tribes of people traditionally known as the Celts or Britons. Their language, which has been called the Celtic language, was a spoken language in its primitive stage.The Celts were conquered by the Romans in first century A.B. After the Romans left in the early f
16、ifth century, other tribes of people from North Germany, traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes started to migrate to England.,20,20,Even now typical English people are still called Anglo-Saxons. The Anglo-Saxons kept their positions as the master of England for several hundred years b
17、efore, they were reduced to slaves by the Normans from Normandy in France. The Normans were Northern European people in origin but they had accepted the French culture and language. They started their invasion of England in the 11th century and established the Norman line of kings who have ruled Eng
18、land ever since.,People,21,21,Characteristics of the English people,A generally acknowledged one is their conservatism or reservation. In politics they have a Conservative Party. In daily life the English people often refuse to make sudden changes. They easily cling to what is traditional and famili
19、ar. The Monarchy has been retained and the national song is still the old “God save the Queen”.,22,22,Another characteristic of the English people is their emphasis on deference（依从）, or obedience, and proper manners. Even from childhood they are taught to be deferential and obedient to those who are
20、 superior in wealth, status, or power.The characteristics and values of the English people have certainly undergone changes.,23,PART II Cultural Journey,After You WatchDescribe the physical conditions of Scotland.Try to find out the elements that can help you identify the Scottish.Explain the reason
21、s why they are often slightly annoyed at being classified as “English”.,24,24,Supplementary Video Clip,Braveheart,25,PART III General Information About Britain,Geography IONA ? The British Isles,26,26,Geography,National Flag The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,27,27,Chief of the
22、 State - Queen Elizabeth II,28,28,England,Demographics:Population: 51 MillionLanguage: EnglishPeople: Anglo-Saxons, Scots, Welsh, Irish, West Indians, Pakistanis, Indians, ChineseReligion: Church of England, Methodist, Baptist, Catholic, Muslim, Hindu, and SikhCapital City: London,29,29,England,Cult
23、ureThey have artistic contributions in theatre , literature, and architecture.Staple food: Fish and Chips, bacon, eggs, sausage, and mash.Its not famous for quality but its a cuisine. There are astonishing regional variations in accents.,30,30,Wales,DemographicsPopulation: 2.9 MillionCapital city: C
24、ardiff People: Celts, Anglo-Saxons Language: Welsh, English Religion: Nonconformist Protestants, Anglicans, Catholics,31,31,Wales,CultureOne thing that marks Wales out from the rest of the Britain is the survival of Welsh as a living language. Welsh food is not well-known. They eat laverbread (a mix
25、ture of seaweed, oatmeal and bacon served on toast), Rarebit (cheese on toast with the added flavor of mustard and beer).,32,32,Northern Ireland,DemographicsPopulation: 1.6 MillionCapital city: Belfast People: IrishLanguage: English, and IrishReligion: 95% Roman Catholic, 3.4% Protestant in the Repu
26、blic; 60% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic in Northern Ireland,33,33,Northern Ireland,CulturePerform a dance known as the “jig” which they do to Irish folk music.Very festive people and dance on various occasions. Meals are based around meats like lamb, beef, and pork.Main meal is usually lunch, not d
27、inner.,34,34,Irish Townhouse b&b,35,35,Irish Jig吉格舞,36,36,cities,London,37,37,38,38,39,39,40,40,41,41,42,42,St. James Park, London,43,43,England,Windsor Castle Leeds Castle,44,44,Fish and Chips,English staple food,45,45,Caerphilly Castle, South Wales,46,46,Beaumaris Castle, N. Wales,47,Discussion,There is a stereotype picture of an Englishman. What do you think of it? Please comment on it.,
