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1、,Subject Clauses主语从句,Grammar,划线部分在句子中的成分 A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you.,“How do you do?” is a greeting. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. Whether he will go there is not known . How we c
2、an help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,定义： 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词 性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有： 从属连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)； 连接副词: when, where, how和why。,1.连接词：,1）从属连词：that， whether 引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略. whether意为“是否”，放
3、在句首句末皆可。,That price will go up is certain. That he will come is certain. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.,a. That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 她成为画家 可能是受她父亲的影响。b. That you are coming to London is the best news I
4、have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。c. That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村 子里引起很大轰动。,a. Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。b. Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。,2)连接代词 who ( whoever) , what (whatever ), wh
5、ich (whichever), whom, whose .,Which side will win is not clear. Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.Whatever he did is right.Who killed the scientist remains a question.Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him.,a. Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两
6、强相争勇者胜。b. Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。c. Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。,5. 关系代词型what引导What we need is money. What I want to know is this. Whats done is done. d.What he says is not important.,What I am afraid of is their taking him to France. 我担心的是
7、他们把他带到法国. What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.When he will be back depends on the weather.When well start tomorrow will be told soon.Where the test will be given is not yet decided.,When we arrive does
8、nt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。,Make sentences :,Its certain that we will be late.,That well be late is certain.,We dont kno
9、w whether he is coming or not .,Whether he is coming is not known.,We dont know what he wants to tell us.,What he wants to tell us is not known.,When you will come back doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter when you will come back.,主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用 it 作 形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: That we shall be
10、late is certain. - Its certain that we shall be late. 1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. -,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,A.It + be + 形容词 + that 从句(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,pos
11、sible,likely,certain,probable,etc.) 如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.B.It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句 (anhonour,afact,apity,etc）如：Itsapitythatwecantgo.,2. 用it 作形式主语的结构,C.It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 (said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc。） 如：ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.,D.It
12、+ 不及物动词或短语 + that 从句( seem，happen, doesntmatter ,turn out） 。如：IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.,Its a pity that he didnt come. It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。,(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：a. Whether they would support u
13、s was a problem. b. It was a problem whether they would support us. c. It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词。,误：They should like each other is natural.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：If Mary really heard him is really doub
14、tful.,注 意,正： That they should like each other is natural. It is natural that they should like each other.,正：Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful. It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.,3）主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用
15、第三人称单数,4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 常与其后的名词作表语一致 ，且根据句子的语境而定。 eg：,5) . 用于 It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。6) . 在 It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。,1.W
16、here shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.,2.You have made a mistake is a fact.,3.That is certain that we can win.,4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,5.If the policemen will come is not certain.,we shall,That you have,It is,Whoever,whether,改错练习,6.It is say that he
17、was a famous writer.,7.It is seemed that it is going to rain soon .,8.That is fact that she won the first place.,9. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,10.It is important that a student learns a foreign language.,said,seems,It is a fact,Whoever,should learn,_ he made an important
18、speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country . A Which B As C What D It,4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,
