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1、Book 5 Unit 1 Grammar,过去分词做表语、定语,Revision V-ing form,一、动词-ing形式作表语1 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the classroom as clean as possible. (= Keeping the classroom as clean as possible is her job)2 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The story is quite interesting. This book is very boring.,常用来作表语的现在分词
2、有astonishing, amusing, boring, confusing, disappointing, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。,1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room= a room for reading 在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。an ordinary-looking house 看起来很普通的房子= a house t
3、hat looks ordinarya sleeping boy 正在睡觉的男孩= a boy who is sleeping,2. 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。Do you know the boy playing basketball?（=who is playing basketball)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？,The past participle as attribute & predicative,1. 过去分词知多少,惊恐的人们预留的座位被污染的水拥挤的教室打碎的花瓶关了的门疲惫的观众,terrified
4、/astonished peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma broken vasea closed doorthe tired audience,2. 摸底测验,The painter looked so_ (tire) after working for a whole day.I was_ (disappoint) with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.Everybody is really _(excite) about the new
5、Olympic stadiums.His wound became_ (infect) with a new virus.,tired,disappointed,excited,infected,单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。,English is a widely used language.,This is one of the schools built in 1980s.,3. 过去分词作定语,位置,一、过去分词作定语1、及物动词的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。 eg： a used stamp an injured f
6、inger注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习,少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯,2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well
7、go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。,Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.1） The question discussed was very important.= The question _ was very important.,which had been discussed,注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。,2） The United States is a developed count
8、ry. = The United Stated is a country _ .,which has developed,注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。,A,过去分词做定语：表被动，表完成。现在分词作定语：表主动，表进行。不定式作定语：表示将要发生的动作。,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.,区别 1,Falling leaves,Fallen leaves,区别 2,Falling leavesFallen leavesDisappointing newsDisappoi
9、nted peopleExciting storyExcited peopleTired people/ Im tiredTiring film,正在飘的落叶已经落在地上的落叶令人失望的消息感到失望的人们激动人心的故事（感到）激动的人们累了的人/我感到累了（使人觉得）无聊的电影,区别 2,二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。,
10、系动词,bebecome, get, go, grow, turnkeep, remain, stay, feel, look, appear, seem， smell, sound, taste, prove,2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；而被动语态中，强调动作。 e.g.：This shop is now closed 这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday 这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）,3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surpris
11、ed, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去 分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用 作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动 意味。, How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited., She was very disappointed to hear the result., Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners., How did Bob do in the exams
12、this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results.,现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别,V-ing 形式表示“令人的”V-ed 形式表示“某人感到的”,The story is interesting.I am interested in the story.,C,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,Cleaning women in big cities usually ge
13、t _by the hour.,A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,C,What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by,be prepared to do be interested in doing/sthbe int
14、erested to dobe worried aboutbe concerned withbe absorbed in doing/sthdefeated enemya boy named/called Billcracked/broken window,准备好做某事对感兴趣（习惯）对感兴趣（一次性）担心关心专注于被打败的敌人一个叫Bill的男孩打碎的窗户/玻璃,短语积累,语法专练,1. China is _ .a developed countrya country which was developinga developing countrya country which is dev
15、eloped,2. look! A _ woman was coming.,A. beautiful dressed B. dressed beautiful C. beautifully dressed D. dressed beautifully,3. Mr smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.,tired; boring tiring; boredtired; boredtiring; boring,4. After the fight, a caretaker found that a young man _ so he
16、telephoned for an ambulance immediately.,seriously injuredwas injured seriouslywas serious injuredwas seriously injured,5. It is believed that if a book is_, it will surely _ the reader.,interested; interestinteresting; be interestedinterested; be interesting interesting; interest,6. He held the _ s
17、tick high and went on in the dark cave.,litlightedburnt firing,7. We had our picnic lunch in the forest next to a _ tree.,fallenfalling being fallingbeen fallen,8. If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.,is completedto be completedbeing completedcompleted,Thank you very much!Goodbye!,
