中考英语总复习语法精讲——介词和介词短语ppt课件.pptx

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1、中考英语总复习语法精讲 介词和介词短语,考 点 突 破,表示时间的介词(),1at,in,on表示时间的区别(2018年考)(1)at表示具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如:at six oclock(在6点钟); at night(在晚上); at the end of(在结束时); at the age of(在岁时); at last(最终,最后); at Christmas(在圣诞节)。,(2)in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节、在上午/下午/晚上/白天等。如:in 1995 (在1995年); in the 1980s (在20世纪80年代); in May,1992 (在19

2、92年5月); in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上); in spring/summer/autumn/winter(在春季/夏季/秋季/冬季)。in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后,意为“在时间后”,用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。,如:Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes?你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗?(3)on用于表示确定的时间,具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。如:on December 1st,1994 (在1994年12月1日); on Mond

3、ay morning(在星期一上午);,on a cold morning(在一个寒冷的早晨); on the night of October 22nd(在10月22日晚上); on Christmas Day(在圣诞节); on Teachers Day(在教师节)。注意:在以this,that,next,last,tomorrow,yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。,如:I will go to Beijing next week.下周我将去北京。2for,since,from表示时间的区别(1)“for一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”,强调某动作或状态持续了多长

4、时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。,如:She has worked there for four years.她已经在那里工作4年了。(2)since用作介词时,意为“自从,自以后”,指从某一时间一直延续至今,后接时间点,通常与完成时连用。,如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。注意:since还可以用作连词,用来引导一个时间状语从句。如:Great changes have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后,这里发生了巨大的变化。,(

5、3)from(fromto)表示开始的时间,意为“从”(“从到”),谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如:Students go to school from Monday to Friday.学生们周一至周五上学。,3to,past,pass表时间的区别(1)to介词,大于30分钟时,表示“差”,如:ten to seven(6:50)。(2)past介词,小于30分钟时,表示“过”,如:ten past six(6:10)。(3)pass动词,表示“经过,过去”。如:He passed by me.他从我身边经过。,4其余表示时间的介词(2016年考)(1)before:指时间“在以前”,后面

6、一般接时间点。如:I will get to Australia before Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。,表次序,意为“在之前,先于”。如:Those with babies can get on the bus before others.带小孩的人可以先上公共汽车。(2)after指时间“在以后”,后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时,多和过去时连用;接时间点时,多和将来时连用。,如:He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。Ill call you after 4:30.四点半以后我给你打电话。,(3)till/until表示“到为止

7、,直到之时,直至”,在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如:Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天。I shall wait until ten oclock.我将等到10点钟。,在否定句中,notuntil意为“直到才”,是连词,用来引导一个时间状语从句,谓语动词用短暂性动词。如:I didnt go to bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。(4)by 表示“不迟于”(not later than),常与完成时连用。,如:by then到那时,by now到目前为止。They had seen

8、 four English films by the end of last night.到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影。(5)during表示“在期间”,强调“自始至终”。如:During those three months, he asked a lot of questions.在那三个月期间,他问了许多问题。,母题训练( )1.(2018广东)How soon will we get the offer from a new high school? _ about two months.A.InBFor CAmongDDuring,A,母题训练( )2.(2016广东)Ma

9、ny young people put mobile gaming _ anything else, thinking little of their normal lives.A.along withBbehindCbefore Din front of,C,中考预测( )3.Our reading club shares ideas with each other _ one hour every Tuesday.A.to Bon Cat Dfor( )4.The accident happened _ a cold winter early morning.A.in Bat Con Df

10、or,D,C,表示地点和方位的常用介词(),1in,at,on(2010年考)(1)in表示地点,意为“在内”,用于内部。如:He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放进口袋。(2)on意为“在上面”,用于表面接触,指在一个平面上。如:There was a carpet on the floor.地板上铺着一块地毯。,(3)表示“在某地”时,at后接小地方,in后接大地方。如:When did you arrive at the station?你什么时候到车站的? He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。(4)at还有“在旁边”之意,如:at

11、the table在桌子旁边。,2above,belowabove的意思是“在之上” “高于”,与物体表面不接触,表示相对高度,不一定是在正上方,它的反义词是below。如: The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平线。,3over,underover的意思是“在之上”, 与物体表面不接触,表示垂直之上,其反义词是under。如:There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。 There is a boat under the bridg

12、e.桥下有一艘船。,4by,beside,near(1)by表示“在旁边”,较near更近。如:My house is by the river.我的家在河边。(2)beside表示“近旁”“紧靠”,相当于next to。如:Come and sit beside me.来,坐在我的身旁。,(3)near意为“在附近”,可以表示空间、时间关系等。如: He sits near the window.他坐在窗户附近。,5after,behind(1)after表示位置关系,意为“在的后面”。如:Your name comes after mine in the list.名单上,你的名字列于我之

13、后。(2)behind表示位置,意为“在后面”。如:The boy was hiding behind a tree.那个男孩躲在一棵树后。,6through, across, cross(1)through介词,纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:The soldiers went through the forest.那些士兵穿过树林离开了。(2)across介词,横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is walking across the street.他正在横穿马路。,(3)cross动词,横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is crossing the street.他正在横穿马路。,7among,

14、 betweenamong表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”;between表示“在(两者)之间”,常用词组: betweenand。如:The man who is standing among the students is Lilys father.站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。I will be back between five and six.我将在5点到6点之间回来。,8in,on,toin表示在范围之内(属于该范围);on表示与某一地区接壤;to表示隔海相望。如:Guangdong is in the south of China.(广东属于中国)广东位于中国南部。,Guangdo

15、ng is on the south of Hunan.(广东不属于湖南,但与湖南是毗邻关系)广东在湖南的南边。Japan is to the east of China.(日本不属于中国,而且隔海相望)日本在中国东边。,9outside,insideoutside意为“在的外边”;inside意为“在的里边,在之内”。如:A woman is waiting outside the office.一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。Dont let the dog come inside the house.不要让狗进入房子里。,10in front of,in the front of(2012年

16、考)in front of表示“在之前(范围外)”;in the front of表示“在的前部(范围内)”。如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。,母题训练( )1.(2012广东)Why are you standing, Alice?I cant see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A.behi

17、ndBnext to CbetweenDin front of( )2.(2010广东)Connie arrived _ the village _ a snowy night.A.at; onBat; in Cin; at Din; on,D,A,中考预测( )3.Is your father at home? No, he is working late_ the office.A.on Bat Cof Dto( )4.Hainan lies_ the south of China, and_ the south of Guangdong, too.A.in; inBto; in Cto;

18、 inDin; to,B,D,表示方式、手段或工具的介词(),1by,in,on表交通方式用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前要用限定词。如:Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bikeon a bike),Mr.Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by carin a car),2by,in,with表示手段或工具(2013年考)(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔做作业。(2)in表示使用某种语言或使

19、用某种材料,语言、材料前不加冠词。如:Can you say it in English?你能用英语说吗?,(3)by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式。如:This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的。 He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。,母题训练( )1.(2013广东)Kelly, whos the girl _ glasses in the photo?Its me.I used to wear glasses and have long hair.A.by Bof

20、ConDwith,D,中考预测( )2.How do you communicate with your foreign friends? _ writing emails, of course.A.WithBByCAtDFrom,B,其他常用介词(),母题训练( )1.(2015广东) Could you please give me a hand? I cant complete the task on time _ your help. A.without Bunder Cwith Dfor ( )2.(2014广东) Most people are _ building a paper

21、 factory near here.They are worried the river will get polluted.A.for Bwith CagainstDbeyond,A,C,母题训练( )3.(2011广东)Its time _ the weather report.Turn on the radio, please.A.to BinCatDfor,D,中考预测( )4.Mr.Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _ the ones who had already taken them.A.except Bincluding

22、CamongDwith( )5.Guangzhou is famous _ a hometown for oversea Chinese.A.as Bfor Cto Dwith,A,A,中考预测( )6.My brother came back from school _ his head teacher.A.like Balong withCbeyondDabout,B,介词短语(),1介词与动词的常见搭配listen to听 laugh at嘲笑 get to到达get on/off上车/下车 look for寻找 wait for等待 hear from收到的来信 worry about

23、担心 think of想起,认为,look after照顾,照料 spendon花费 agree with同意 do with对付,处置 depend on依靠 talk about谈论turn on/off打开/关掉 turn up/down调大/调小,regardas把当作pay for付款 knock at敲 ask for请求,向要,2介词与形容词的常见搭配(2017年考)be fond of喜欢 be ready for为做好准备 be kind to对好/仁慈be kind of太好了 be busy with忙于,be late for迟到be afraid of害怕 be go

24、od at擅长于 be full of装满,辨析:be kind to 与be kind ofbe kind to 的意思是“对好/仁慈”,其主语是人或其他的动物等。如:You are kind to the old man.你对这个老人很仁慈。,be kind of 的意思是“太好了”,其主语是 it,that 等词。如:It is kind of you to help me.你来帮助我真是太好了(表示感激之意)。,3介词与名词的常见搭配by bike/bus/train骑自行车/乘公共汽车/乘火车 with/without ones help在有/没有某人的帮助下on ones way

25、to在某人去的路上 on time准时,to ones surprise使某人惊奇的是 on foot步行at the end of在尽头,末尾 at the foot of在的脚下,母题训练( )1.(2017广东) Its very kind _ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.A.of BforCtoDwith,A,中考预测( )2.This photo reminded the old man _ the days when he was young.A.withBforCbyDof,D,课 堂 小 测,15 CBAAC 610 DDDCB 1115 BCACB,中考模拟演练,15 BDADB 610 CDDAB 1115 DADDC 1620 CCCCA 2125 BDBDB 2630 ABDAB3135 ADDBA 3640 ADBDB,

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