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1、Education in the United States of America,美国教育体系,I. The goal of education,“Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day. Teach a man how to fish and he will eat for the rest of his life.” - Chinese Proverb The goal of education is to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with educatio
2、nal opportunities.,Education in the United States is provided mainly by government, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. Each of 50 states in the United States has its own laws regulating education. From state to state, some laws are similar; others are not.,
3、II. Education a local matter,III. Expenditure of Education,Educational funds are from several sources. Funds for elementary and secondary schools come from 3 sources: about 50% from local property taxes, 40-50% from the states, 8%-9% from the federal government.,Elementary school and secondary schoo
4、l,In most areas, free public school education begins with kindergarten classes for 5 years old.Almost all the 50 states have laws that require 12 years of compulsory attendance at school for children.,In some school system, the 12 grades are divided into two stages, the first 6 grades for elementary
5、 school and the next 6 grades for secondary school.In other school system, there are three divisions: elementary school (grades16), junior high school (79), and senior high school (1012).,Education in the United States,Grade,Age,Preschool,Kindergarten,5 - 6,Elementary School,1st Grade,2nd Grade,3rd
6、Grade,4th Grade,5th Grade,6 - 7,7 - 8,8 - 9,12 - 13,10 - 11,6th Grade,7th Grade,8th Grade,11 - 12,9 - 10,13 - 14,Middle School,9th Grade,14 - 15,10th Grade,11th Grade,12th Grade,15 - 16,16 - 17,17 - 18,High School,IV. Curricula for Students,1.Elementary SchoolAlthough the federal government has no n
7、ational curriculum for education, almost every elementary school provides instruction in these subjects: language arts; math ;penmanship; science; social studies; music; art; and physical education.,Physical Education,2. Secondary School,Secondary schools offer these subjects: English, mathematics,
8、science, social studies and physical education.Most schools offer foreign languages. Spanish is the most popular foreign language for Americans .,Class atmosphere is usually relaxed in American schools.American educator believe that children learn better when they are happy and interested, so every
9、effort has been made to arouse the interests of the individual.,Public Schools,Public schools are locally controlled.Firstly, public schools are supported by taxes paid by all people whether or not they have children attending schools.Secondly, they are free from religious influence.Public schools e
10、ducate about 88% of all American children.,Private Schools,Most private schools are related to religious groups. In these schools, religious instruction is part of the curriculum Today, about 12% of all American children go to private schools for their elementary and secondary education.,Middle Scho
11、ol in U.S.A,Standardized Tests,In the last year of high school, students who want to go on to receive higher education have to take some kind of standardized tests.The most popular tests are Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT) and the American College Testing (ACT),SAT,The SAT is a three-hour, multipl
12、e-choice exam measuring verbal, math, and reasoning skills.It is required by most higher education institutions in the United States for the admission to undergraduate degree programs.,Entrance Requirement of a University or a College,Successful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen on the
13、basis of :Their high school academic performanceLetters of recommendation from their high school teachersThe impression they make during the interviews at the universityTheir scores on SAT,The Complex System of Higher Education,It comprises four categories of institutions:The universityThe four-year
14、 undergraduate institutionthe collegeThe technical training institutionThe two-year, or community college,The Military Academy,The only institutions of higher education funded by the federal government are related to the Military. They are the United States Military Academy （陆军学校）at West Point, New
15、York; the United States Naval Academy （海军学校）in Annapolis, Maryland; and the United States Air Force Academy （空军军官学校）in Colorado Springs, Colorado.,Credit,One of the measurements for an undergraduate in academic progress is credit or “point”. Typically, an undergraduate student has to earn a certain
16、number of credits (about 120) in order to receive the bachelors degree at the end of four years of college.Credits are earned by attending lectures (or lab classes) and by successfully completing assignments and examinations.,Students who want to pursue graduate study have to take the Graduate Recor
17、d Examination (GRE), or the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) for law school, or the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) if one wants to go to a medical school.,Table of Academic Degrees,Public Universities,Public universities are operated by a state or local government Some famous public univers
18、ities: University of California at BerkleyUniversity of California at Los Angles (UCLA)University of Virginia,Private Universities,About 25 percent of higher education in the United States are privately operated by religious organization. The most prestigious universities in America are the older pr
19、ivate universities, such as Harvard University (1636),Yale University (1701), Princeton University (1746), Columbia University (1754),etc.,Ivy League Universities,Ivy League Universities refer to the eight older private universities in the east of America.Harvard University 1636 Cambridge MA Yale Un
20、iversity 1701 New Haven CNPrinceton University 1746 Princeton N.J,University of Pennsylvania 1740 Philadelphia PAColumbia University 1754 New York City NYBrown University 1764 Providence RIDartmouth College 1769 Hanover NHCornell University 1865 Ithaca NY,Harvard University,Thank you for listening!,
