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1、British Literature,Introduction,The British Isles,Look at the maps on page 4 & 87 of your text.,The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066,Ancient World,isolatedrain-drenched and often fogged ingreendotted with thatched cottages, quaint stone churches, and mysterious stone ruins,British Influence on America,Co
2、mmon lawParliamentary GovernmentLiteratureLanguage,Celts,Early inhabitantsTall, blonde warriorsGroup within group: Brythons (sounds like.),Celtic Religion,Animism from Latin word for “spirit”Everything had spirits: rivers, trees, stones, ponds, fire, thunderSpirits had to be constantly satisfiedDrui
3、ds, priests, acted as intermediaries between gods and peopleRitual dances, rites: Stonehenge?,Celtic Mythology,Arthur legendary Celtic warrior; became embodiment of English values (Sir Thomas Malory, 15th Century, Le Morte DArthur)Different from Anglo-Saxon (which came later)Full of strong womenEnch
4、anted lands where magic and imagination rule,Video break: 1 & 2,The Dark AgesRoman Britain,Roman Invaders,55 B.C. Julius Caesar began invasions and claimed Britain for RomeClaudius settled Britain in earnest about 100 years later,Roman Contributions,Armies to defend Britain against further invasions
5、Network of roads (some still in use)Defensive wall 73 miles long (Hadrians Wall)Public bathsBrought Christianity and Celtic religion began to vanish,Roman Evacuation,Trouble at home (Italy)Evacuated Britain, leaving fixtures but no central governmentIsland weak, ripe for invasion,Video break: 3,The
6、Anglo-Saxon Invasions of Britain,Anglo-Saxons Sweep Ashore,5th CenturyAngles and Saxons from GermanyJutes from DenmarkAttack across the North SeaDrove old Britons out before them“Germanic” Language became dominant in Engla land from the Angles,Anglo-Saxon Invasion,Celts put up a fight, then retreate
7、d to WalesWelsh chieftain: Arthur,The Danes Invade,Alfred the Great unified the independent principalities against the invading Danes (Vikings, pirates, from Denmark)Plundered and destroyed a path through the country before settling in northeast and central EnglandBattle continued until 1066 (over 1
8、50 years), when William, Duke of Normandy, defeated them all,Video break: 4 & 6,StowaDark Ages: Three Elements that Join,Anglo-Saxon Life,NOT barbarians, though often depicted that wayWarfare was the order of the dayLaw and order was the responsibility of the leader,Anglo-Saxon Success,Fame and succ
9、ess gained only through LOYALTY to the leaderSuccess measured in gifts from the leader,Anglo-Saxon Life,Dominated by need to protectPeople lived close to animals in single-family homesteads around common area or a warm, fire-lit chieftans hallWooden stockade fence around allArrangement brought close
10、ness to leader and followersRule by consensus,Anglo-Saxon Women,Women inherited and held propertyRetained control of property even when marriedHusband had to offer marriage giftWoman had personal control of giftWoman became AbbessesRights ended with Norman conquest,Anglo-Saxon Religion,Religion pers
11、isted despite influx of ChristianityDark, fatalistic religion from GermanyLike Norse/Scandinavian mythologyOdin: god of death, poetry, and magic; called Woden (Wodens Day: Wednesday)Dragon: significant figure; guardian of the grave, and “death the devourer”,Anglo-Saxon Religion,More concerned with e
12、thics than mysticism with the earthly virtues of bravery, loyalty, generosity, and friendship,Video break: 7,The Spread of Christianity,Christianity,Irish and Continental missionaries converted Anglo-Saxon kings and the people followedProvided a common faith and a common system of moralityLinked Eng
13、land to Europe,Christian Monasteries,Centers of learningCulturally and spiritually coexisted with the heroic ideals and traditions of the Anglo-Saxon religionPreserved some of the older traditions by recorded works of popular literature,Monks,Recorded works of oral tradition in the language of the p
14、eople: Old EnglishRecorded principal works in Latin, the language of the ChurchCopied manuscripts by hand in scriptorium (a covered walkway); oiled paper or glass kept out some weather,Language,Latin remained the language of serious studyKing Alfreds Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a history of England, helped English gain respect as a language of culture,Bards: Entertainers/Historians,ScopsSkilled storytellersEqual in stature to warriors; creating poetry just as important as hunting, fishing, farming, or lovingStrummed harpTold stories of herosFame in poetry: defense against death,
