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1、四级翻译技巧,一、题型简介,在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%，时间为5分钟，由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。,二、应试技巧,1)首先，确定考点关键(词组或语法结构)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将词组连接起来；3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。,三、翻译常见问题和应对政策,1).理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。2).理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。 3)表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。 4)加
2、强句法和和词汇基础，持之以恒。,四、翻译标准方法步骤,1).标准：准确、通顺、完整。2).方法：以直译为主适当意译。3).步骤： 通读全句，准确理解。 分析成分，划分意群。 选择词义，贴切表达。 适当调整，书写译文。,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,A.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：1).定语从句先行词可以是任何名词，而同位语从句先行词相当有限，例如：conclusion, fact, news, idea, belief, message, hope, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding 2).同位语从句中 that 不在从句中
3、充当任何成分，定语从句 that 充当一定句子成分。B. 定语 1).分词短语作定语 2).不定式作定语 3).介词短语作定语4).形容词做定语 上述成分做定语时，一般来说，应把定语翻译在中心词前面。,The problem lies in how people look at those students _(专心追求知识的). who are knowledge-oriented/absorbed in acquiring knowledge/absorbed in pursuing knowledge超级单词sth.-oriented追求，orient n.东方adj.东方的，上升的vi
4、.向东 vt.使适应、确定方向。oriented导向的，其实这里可以很多种译法。,13. Im not accustomed to such luxury, _ (它简直是浪费钱).which is just a waste of money,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,C.倒装结构：Here comes the bus.Here you are.完全倒装：谓语动词全部移到主语的前面 The child ran away. Away ran the child. 作用：有动感）一些标志副词 Out/in/off/up/down/away/here/there2)开头是状语,五、 某些特殊句
5、型、结构的翻译,部分倒装：把助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面(1).表示“也（不）I like this book. So does he. (so/neither/nor 放在句首，后面用不完全到装)(2).as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语可以放在最前面：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas (have been challenged) today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. Much as he likes her, he does get annoy
6、ed with her sometimes.,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,（3）.含有否定意义的词放在句首，要用部分倒装: Never/little/few/hardly/scarcely/seldom/in no way/ no longer/ on no account/ under no circumstance（4）.关于only：加状语放在句首，后面要用部分倒装:Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make up tests.,If you wont agree to our plan,_
7、( 他们也不会同意 ). neither will they Only after I slapped him on the back _( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ).did he notice me and shouted with happiness,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,D. 比较结构 1). Asas 2). not so as 3). rather A，than B 与其说B，不如说A 4). less A，more B 与其说A，不如说BThere engines are_ (不如我们制造的那些发动机功率大) . less powerful than the ones
8、 we have made E. 并列结构 两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接，如： and, or, but, both and, neithernor, not but, not onlybut also等。,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,F. 否定结构 1).部分否定：若否定句中出 all，both，every，each 等类似词语，则表部分否定。 2).形状否定： 例如： His contribution can not be exaggerated. 他的贡献极大。 You can never be careful enough. 你必须多加小心。,Most p
9、eople tend to believe that the newer, the better, _ ( 尽管并不总是这样 ).though that is not always the case,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,F. 否定结构 3).形式肯定，内容否定 He is anything but / except a scholar. 他绝不是一个学者。 Swimming here is far from / not at all dangerous. 在此游泳毫无危险。 He is the last person I want to meet. 他是我最不想见的人。,五、 某些
10、特殊句型、结构的翻译,G. 形式主语翻译方法固定，可当作短语直接翻译在句子最前面。 It is reported that 据报道It is estimated that 据估计 It is conjectured that 据推测 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It can not be denied that / There is no denying that 不可否认 It can be said without fear / exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说,_ ( 据说 ) the painter used his aunt as
11、the model in that painting.It is said that,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,H. 强调结构：还原强调部分，直接翻译。It is _(重要的不是谁来统治我们), but how he rules us. not who rules us that is important,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,情态动词的完成式。The room is in a terrible mess; it _ (肯定没打扫过) . cant have been cleaned情态动词+have done表示推测，must/can/may/might/could/shou
12、ld/need/ought to各用于不同句型中,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,J. 非谓语动词I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late. delaying makingmind作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学) keeping up with the rest of the class.trouble可以用在句型“have trouble doing sth. ” 做某
13、事有困难“中，这时，trouble可以用difficulty来代替。When I _(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.caught /found him cheating mefind/catch+宾语+宾补,如I found him standing by the river.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _ (与我相比). compared with mine,His remarks left me _( 想知道他的真实
14、目的 ). wondering about his real purposeleave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态;leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,K. 虚拟语气If you had_ ( 听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦) followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法I suggested he _ (使自己适应) his new conditions. should adapt himself to要用虚拟语气的相关动词如：insis
15、t，demand，order，ask，advise等。,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,L.状语从句The little boy next door has been beating his drum for a whole morning, which got on my nerves so much _( 以至于我无法集中注意力学习 ).that I have no way to concentrate on my studyThe scientist tried to convince us that a tiger would not attack us _( 除非它走投无路 ).un
16、less its cornered超级单词unless除非，如果不;corner名词作角落、绝路，作为及物动词时表示无路可走._(每当天气不好时), he takes whatever umbrella he can find.whenever the weather is bad,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,M.名词性从句_ (给我印象最深的) were her liveliness and sense of humor.What impressed me the most,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,N.独立主格结构。_ (随着时间的流逝), they forgot their b
17、itter sufferings. With time flying As time fliesWith the passage of time_ (很多朋友不在)， we decided to put the meeting off.With many friends absent,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,O . 时态,语态By the time you get to New York, I_(已经动身去) London. shall have left for,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,N. 短语be entitled toas far as sb. is concerned
18、prefer to do rather than doobject tolet aloneturn a blind eye toturn to for helpplay a part/role in adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,lose contact with/lose touch with vary from to 各不相同 be used to+doing/noun be devoted to at the cost of(以为代价)，其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。另at all costs意为不惜一切代价
19、. “attributeto”，“把归因于”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。letdown(使失望),五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,take into account=take into consideration 把考虑在内the more, the more句型常表示越就越, cannot+enough句型中该句型形式上是否定句型，实际上表达的是肯定意义，意思是再也不过分;越越“There is no doubt that despite =in spite ofregardlesswhethe or,The substance does not dissolve in water
20、 _ (不管是否加热).whether (it is) heated or not,五、 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,attribute to put off=postponecall off=cancel would rather thanrather than =instead ofhave access totake the risk (of) impose tax on resort to force but for,be aware of approve of keep an eye onat intervals many as wellnot so muchas和not so muc
21、h as Nothing is morethan和Nothing is so as结构 cannottoo结构,cannottoo意为It is impossible to overdo或者，即无论怎样也不算过分。not可换用hardly，scarcely等，too可换用enough，sufficient等,none other than 意为不是别人正是。（表惊讶）The winner of the speech was none other than Tom who doesnt talk much in daily life.no other than意为正是或只有It is no ot
22、her than my mother. Nothing but 只有Nothing but a miracle can save her life. 只有奇迹才能挽救她的生命。anything but点也不，决不是,六、实战练习,以下是样题所提供的5个翻译句子，我们根据其内容来推测可能考查的知识点：（87）.The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)。本句意为：不管是否加热，这种物质都不会溶解于水。前半句所给的信息并不重要，考生凭四级词汇知识可以理解substance(物质)和dissolve(溶解)两个单词的意义。考虑提示部分的汉语，
23、 “不管是否”即“whether or ”，很容易找到这个对应结构。关键点在于对“加热”的理解，是主动还是被动处理，从上下文意义推断出是 water被加热，所以我们采用被动方式，即whether (it is) heated or not，填入部分作让步状语从句，it is可以被省略。,六、实战练习,考查重点：从句知识：尤其让步状语从句，注意复习whether or, though, no matter how, as等表达的用法。分词用法：注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，同时考虑动词被动语态的运用。,六、实战练习,88）.Not only _ (他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do
24、a good repair job either.本句意为：他不但向我收费过高，而且东西修理得不怎么样。本句中要考虑两个层面，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当是“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much, 由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度，我们用经常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”，恰好可以把意思归并到一起。还要考虑的是本句中 “not onlybut”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，自然是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们不得不把助动词did提炼出来，按照倒装结构翻译成“Not only did he charge me t
25、oo much”或者 “Not only did he overcharge me”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要注意Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定词在句首的倒装情况。,六、实战练习,（89）. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比)。本句意为“你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。”翻译时有两个知识点容易出错，首先，“与相比”考查词组知识，四级程度同学应当掌握“compared with”或者 “in comparison with”, 但常有考生把 “
26、compare with”与“compare to”(把比做)混淆，或者没有考虑过去分词形式。此外，“我的”应当使用物主代词所有格“mine”，此处不宜写成“my losses”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：词组知识：需要考生把握大批类似compare with以及名词形式in comparison with的词组或短语，其中固定搭配需要使用的介词副词非常重要。分词形式：在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。,六、实战练习,（90）. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in
27、 London.本句意为：据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。显然本句在拿asas结构做文章。因为是比较关系，把在Leeds和在London的费用做比较，所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有 “as”,还要有 “half”和“money”。关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，接下去有关于量的 as much + n. + as, 因此本句要填入 “half as much money”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：比较结构：本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有twice as much (many) as,六、实战练习,（91）.
28、 By contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.本句意为：相比较，美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。 本句再次在词组方面进行考查，“把归因于”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点，有时表达因果关系最复杂的动词词组。应当熟练把握 “attributeto”的拼写和用法。此外，不要忽略另外一个词的用法,“be likely to ”表示“容易”、“可能”等意义，稍不小心就会把to漏掉。总之，需要填入的部分拼贴在一起就是“to attribute their childrens succe
29、ss to”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：动词词组，表示因果关系的attribute to。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组 contribute to，表示“有助于，对做出贡献”。,六、实战练习,特别提示：仔细研究以上样题的考点，不难发现新四级虽然放弃了专门的词汇语法结构题型，翻译部分仍就重点考查了各类词组语法（倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句、词组）的知识，而且全是原来四级题目中的重点。准备新四级千万不要与以往的知识割裂，我们所说的“万变
30、不离其宗”就是这个道理，熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识，并且活学活用，才不会被千变万化的题型吓倒。,七、翻译练习安排,1). 时间以每天30分钟为宜。 2). 借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯。 3). 坚持每天练习：3-5分钟做翻译(卡表做)，8-12分钟调整译文，结合词典、语法书对照答案。 4). 可以每天做阅读中的难句一句。,Ex.Translate the following sentences into English.,1.要是他适合当校长，那么哪个学生都可以当。（no morethan）,no morethan,He is no more fit to be a h
31、eadmaster than any schoolboy would be.,2.至于她的父亲，她不敢肯定是否会接收她和她的小孩。(as for),as for,not sure whether,As for her father, she is not sure whether he will accept her and her baby.,undermine,while,Staying up late will undermine ones health while going to bed early and getting up early will benefit it.,3.晚睡
32、会损害健康而早睡早起有益于健康。(undermine),convey,The ambassador personally conveyed the presidents message to the premier.,4.大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。(convey),personally,5.这个女孩决定敞开心扉，把她看见的一切都告诉警方。(open up),open up,what she had seen,The girl decided to open up and tell the police what she had seen.,6.过量的运动对身体健康弊多利少，所以我们必须控
33、制运动量。(do more harm than good) P.47,excessive,do more harm than good,Excessive exercises does more harm than good to ones health. Therefore we must control the amount of exercise we do.,7.他几次试图加入他们的谈话，但都由于胆小而放弃了。(make a few attempts to),make a few attempts to,He made a few attempts to join in their c
34、onversation, but he gave up out of timidness.,timidness,8.就方便快捷而言，火车无法与飞机竞争。(in terms of),in terms of,Trains cannot compete with planes in terms of convenience and speed.,9.就中美文化作一对比会有助于你尽快明白和适应在美国的学习环境。(a comparison of),a comparison of,adapt to,Making a comparison between Chinese and American cultu
35、res will help you to better understand and adapt to your study environment in the USA.,10.在公共汽车上年轻人给老弱病残让座是中国人的传统美德。(yield),yield their seats to,It is a traditional Chinese virtue for the young on buses to yield their seats to the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled.,11.她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(p
36、ortray as),wonder and discovery,She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.,12. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人在工作中犯的错误要少。(fewer than),Experiments show,committed,Experiments showed that non-smokers committed fewer errors than smokers.,13.球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得胜利。（not but）,be highly regarded,Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.,14.尽管演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能抓住我们的注意力。(despite),wonderful acting,hold our attention,Despite the wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.,
