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1、,Environmental Impact Assessment,ZHAO Mei ZOU Yajun,Defination,Steps,Defination of EIA,An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects.,Purpose of EIA,T
2、he purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project.,History of EIA,With the increasing global environmental awareness , environmental impact assessments commenced in the 1960s. In the United States,
3、 environmental impact assessments first obtained formal status in 1969, when the National Environmental Policy Act was released.,History of EIA,Four stages of the development of EIA in China:,The First National Environmental Protection Conference(第一届全国环境保护会议) was held in 1973, in which the concept o
4、f EIA was first introduced into China.,Introduction and Establishment Stage 19731979,History of EIA,Standard and Construction Stage19791989,Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China(for Trial Implementation)（中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行） was released in 1979.,中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行）规定：一切企业、事业单位的选址、设
5、计、建设和生产，都必须注意防止对环境的污染和破坏。在进行新建、改建和扩建工程中，必须提出环境影响报告书，经环境保护主管部门和其他相关部门审查批准后才能进行设计。,History of EIA,Perfection Stage 19891998Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China was released in 1989.Clean Production and Public Participation were added into the EIS during the stage.,中华人民共和国环境保护法
6、第十三条规定：“建设污染环境的项目，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境管理的规定” 。“建设项目的环境影响报告书，必须对建设项目产生的污染和对环境影响作出评价，规定防治措施，经项目主管部门预审，并依照规定的程序报环境保护行政主管部门批准。环境影响报告书经批准后，计划部门方可批准建设项目设计任务书”。,History of EIA,Enhance and Expandation Stage 1999present In 2004, the environmental impact assessment engineer system was set up.,The first EIS in China
7、,Steps of EIA,Steps of EIA,Preparation StageStudy relevant documentsCarry out preliminary project analysis and current evironment investigationSelect the key project demanding assessmentDetermine the assessment gradeCompile the work outline,Steps of EIA,2.Formal Work StageProject analysisCurrent env
8、ironment investigationEnvironmental impact predictionEnvironmental impact assessment,Steps of EIA,3.EIS Compilation StageCompile the EIS(Environmental Impact Statement) with the statistics and information from the second stage,Importance of EIA,EIA is a management tool for planners and decision make
9、rs to consider the environmental and social impacts of a project.EIA will help select and design projects with long-term viability(生存能力) and therefore improve cost effectiveness.The ultimate target of EIA is to facilitate sustainable development, which is good for both of the environmental protectio
10、n and the development of projects.,EIA in China,In China, environmental impact assessment was introduced in 1979 under the Environmental Protection Law.After several years of implementation, the EIA system in China has developed into a framework(框架) that is suitable for its unique conditions.,EIA in
11、 China,The strengths of Chinas EIA system,1.Specific strengths with EISsChinas ElSs did reasonably well in assessing two majorareas: materials consumed or produced from the project;prediction of impact magnitude .,2.Legal powersThe cost-benefit analysis(成本效益分析), the total quantity control of polluta
12、nt discharge system and cleaner production are three strong means to help the licensed agencies produce more effective EIA.,EIA in China,The weakness of Chinas EIA system,1.Public participationThere is no doubt that public participation is one of the weakest part of the EIA system in China, both the
13、 low public awareness of environmental protection and limited participation mechanisms have restricted public engagement.,2.Relationships between the EPBs(环保局) and local governmentIn China, some local governments emphasized too much on economic development, while overlooked environmentalprotection. As a result, some projects in China started before the approval of the environmental assessment.,The weakness of Chinas EIA system,EIA in China,Case Analysis,
