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1、语法专项,名词,Dorrit,一、名词分类,名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 普通名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词又分为单数与复数，个体和集体。不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。,名词的种类,专有名词：,普通名词：,可数：,不可数：,个体名词：nurse, house, apple, pen，dress,集体名词：people, family, class, police,物质名词： water, paper, air, milk,抽象名词： work, health, homework, news, weather,名词单数的表达 一般可用a，an 来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,a
2、n用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a book * an English book * an hour,名词单数变复数,1.一般情况下，直接加-s. e.g. book-books2.以s、x、ch、sh以及部分o结尾的单词，加es. e.g. bus-buses fox-foxes match-matches dish-dishes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i,加es. e.g. fly-flies study-studies 以元音字母加y结尾的，直接加s. e.g. bo
3、y-boys4.以f、fe结尾的，变f、fe为v, 加es. e.g. wife-wives leaf-leaves half-halves,5.单复同形：Chinese Japanese fish sheep deer,6.不规则变化：man-men woman-women child-children mouse-mice tooth-teeth,国人复数,中日不变英法变，其它S加后面。,Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese,Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen,American-AmericansGerman-Ge
4、rmansCanadian-Canadians,复习检测,country frenchmanmouse houseknife box nurse man doctordress photosheep monkeygoose roomhero glassChinese familywatch potato,countries,mice,knives,men doctors,dresses,sheep,geese,heroes,Chinese,watches,frenchmen,houses,boxes,nurses,photos,monkeys,rooms,glasses,families,po
5、tatoes,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are talking about_. Awoman; children Bwoman; child Cwomen; children2. There are three in my family. A. people B. person C. child3. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies,C,A,A,4. In the pictur
6、e there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans,D,C,不可数名词,物质名词：液体、气体、肉类、时间、金钱等；抽象名词：健康（healthy）、和平（peace）,不可数名词不能直接被a, an 等修饰，常用 much,
7、 a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any等修饰；可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples *a piece of paper *three glasses of orange,量词,a bottle of a piece ofa pound of a cup of a loaf of a bar of,two bottles of three pieces of five pounds of many cups ofa lot of loaves o
8、f,不可数名词的数量变化体现在量词上；谓语动词的单复情况也要看量词。,练一练,There _ some milk in the glass.There _a cup of milk on the desk.There _ some cups of milk on the desk.There _many potatoes in the bag.There _a bag of potatoes in the room.,is,is,are,are,is,*有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) a wo
9、rk(著作) time(时间) times(次数),1. Give me some _(water),please.2. How many _(photo) do you see?3. I like _(rice) very much.4. There are some _(orange) on the table.5. There is some _(orange) on the table.6. Does she enjoy _(apple)?7. Do you have any _(knife)?8. There are two _(Chinese) and a Japanese in
10、the room.9. Its salty. You have put too much_in the soup.10. Many _(people) are in the park on Sundays.,water,photos,rice,oranges,orange,apples,knives,Chinese,salt,people,1. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C.
11、glasses D. glass3. What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks4. We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few,D,D,C,A,对名词提问,可数名词：how manye.g. How many students are
12、there in your class?不可数名词：how muche.g. How much bread did you have for breakfast this morning?e.g. How much is your new dress?how much 还可以对价钱提问。,练一练,1. There are two apples on the table.2. I can see three books on the desk.3. She has some orange.4. I ate two pieces of bread this morning.,How many ap
13、ples are there on the table?,How many books can you see on the desk?,How much orange does she have?,How much bread did you eat this morning?,二、名词所有格,有生命： s所有格 e.g. my uncles job her fathers office无生命的：of 所有格 e.g. the door of the classroom,S所有格,1.所有单数名词，直接加s. e.g. Marys home2.复数名词：A. 不以s结尾的，加s. e.g.
14、mens shoes childrens paradise B. 以s结尾的复数，加. e.g. girls dresses3.共有与否问题：若共有，只在最后一个名词后加s; 若不共有，则在每一个名词后都加s. e.g. Lilys and Lucys mothers Lily and Lucys mother,在表示店铺或某人的家，所有格后面通常不出现它所修饰的名词，直接用所有格表示具体的意义。e.g. my aunts 我姑姑家 the butchers 肉店,练一练,These bags are _(Tom).This is _(Lucy and Lily) room.How many
15、_(Japanese) in the park?These are _(Lucy and Lily) schoolbags.That woman is a friend of _(Lindas mother).,Toms,Lucy and Lilys,Lucys and Lilys,Japanese,Lindas mothers,1. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Child2. The two bedrooms are the _.
16、 A. twins B. twins C .twins D. twins,C,C,重难点突破,Our hospital needs two_doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try. A. women B. man C.woman D. men,D,名词修饰名词时： 1.一个名词修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 * There are three banana trees over there. 2. man ,woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all
17、women workers. 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports star *a clothes shop,2. This pair of shorts_too expensive. I cant afford_.are, them B. are, itC. is, them D. is, it,重难点突破,C,当出现“单位+of+名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。This pair of shoes is nice.比较：The shoes are nice.Here are two pieces of news.比较：The news i
18、s wonderful.,3. The police_on the street when accident happened. A. is B . are C. was D. were,重难点突破,D, 名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。 * Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。,4. Where is Tom?-He has gone to the _.A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers,重难点突破,D,5. Look at that old man. He is_. a friend of my B. a friend of mine C. A mes friend D. a my friend,重难点突破,B,6. Its _from our school to my home.A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes walkC. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk,重难点突破,A,天天，你确定你爸爸是张亮？,开心一刻,Goodbye！,
