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1、Chapter 9 Family,May 15th of 2006 is the eleventh International Family Day. Since 1980s, the number of the families in the world has been increasing greatly; while the family scales have been shrinking steadily, and peoples conception of family has changed a lot. All of these changes bring about a g
2、reat shock to the whole society along. In this chapter we will mainly talk about the families of the two cultures from the following aspects:,Residence and Privacy,2. Parents and Children,3. Housework,4. Family Structure,. Residence and Privacy,There is always a big or small yard in most western hom
3、es, with some bushes around the yard. But there seldom is any tall and big enclosing wall. Many Americans just use some curtains or shutters to separate the inside from the outside.,While in China, the houses are always enclosed by a very tall and big wall, which often separates the inside world apa
4、rt from the outside completely. From the outside world, people can just see the roof. Behind the tall wall, there is a shorter one, with a wooden screen separating the outside from the inside again.,2. As for the inside arrangements of the house, there are also some differences. The westerners put o
5、n much stress on their personal space. Therefore, respectively there is a door in the bathroom, bedroom, sitting-room or even the kitchen. Nobody can invade anyone elses personal space: parents have no the freedom to enter the childrens room, and the same with the children.,In many Chinese families,
6、 unless there are married children, there are few personal rights. Some Chinese children, even with a big house, may stay with their parents until several years old. Parents can interfere in their childrens affairs, and children also have the right to use their parents articles. When the children br
7、eak something, their parents may blame them for the breaking but not for their privacy.,. Parents and Children,On the relationship between the parents andchildren, there are a lot of differences betweenthe two cultures.,The Westerners pay much attention to their childrens rights. This can be embodie
8、d in so many organizations for children, such as the Childrens Welfare Association mentioned in the movie Guasha. While in China, parents are in full charge of their children.,2. In the Western countries, parents may learn from their children, especially, they are proud of this behavior. The importa
9、nt thing for the parents is what they should do for their children. The Chinese parents seldom learn from their children. What they stress is what can their children do for them, even when the children are learning for their future, they may put on this mission- for their parents sake.,3. For the ab
10、ove reason, in China, only the financial support for the parents is far from enough. The children must keep in mind that their parents are always right. And whenever and wherever they are, they should manage to meet their parents desire and make sure of their safety. When parents can not get well al
11、ong with his wife, a man even may divorce for his parents sake.,4. The other difference is reflected in the attitudes towards toys. When the child breaks a toy, the Chinese mother may punish her child, while the American mother may praise the child for his or her creativity. In China, a toy may be k
12、ept for several years, even, several generations. An American mother may think of it as signals of being slow.,5. When westerners talk about their family, they often refer to their parents and the unmarried siblings. While when it comes to Chinese, they may also include their grandparents and other
13、even married relatives. They may not live together, but they are often in the same village or the near one, which is our Chinese tradition. The westerners often live far away from each other, only to gather on festivals or holidays.,6. Due to the difference in No. 5, children contact with not only t
14、heir parents and siblings, but also other relatives, which means they have a relatively bigger interpersonal and educational circle. For example, in China, all members of the elder generation can instruct a child, but in western countries, its only the parents duty.,7. Another difference is, in Chin
15、a, parents and children depend on each other closely. For example, in China, a son must support his father (some big families with large capital), and the father should also support his son.,8. Generation gap is a very serious problem in western countries. Because parents always can not agree with t
16、heir children in many aspects like clothes, hairstyle, job, friends or marriage. Many children may leave their home, drop out of school or even take drugs. It is also a main cause of the quarrel between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law.,. Housework,In Britain, apart from some young men, the conserv
17、ative men will never do housework. They think doing housework is the wifes task and they consider it ashamed. Therefore in Britain, many men would like to read newspapers on sofa or watch TV rather than help their wives to do something. While in America, husbands may always help their wives clean th
18、e house or look after their children. At leisure, American husbands often play with their children and teach them some athletic skills.,1. In western countries married children usually do not live with their parents. One pattern that was common in the 1950s and covers about one in eight families tod
19、ay is where the parents and married children live close together but in separate houses. The family bond remains strong by meeting each other frequently to help each other when needed and mothers and daughters are likely to meet each other frequently.,. Family Structure,2. Another pattern is where p
20、arents and married children live further apart (usually about an hours car drive from each other). They may meet only once or twice a month but keep in contact with each other by telephone and help each other when necessary. This pattern is growing and covers about half of the population. It is foun
21、d especially in middle-class families in the southeast of England.,3. The most common family pattern in western countries is called nuclear family - only parents and their unmarried children (often one or two children live in a set of house. Nuclear family is the characteristic of Western families.,
22、4. Apart from nuclear family, there is a stable increase in single parent family due to the increasing divorce rate, living apart of the couple, one abandoning the other and the increase of bastards (私生子).,There are always a lot of financial problems in single parent families. The financial status o
23、f single parent families is only next to the unemployed and those living on old age pension. In addition the children without fathers are more likely to commit crimes.,5. With the increase of divorce, remarrying is another common phenomenon in western countries. Remarried parents have their own chil
24、dren or child with the children from the former families. In this case a child may have two fathers and two mothers. Also there may be some new problems. Get sth. from this sentence “ John, your children and my children are beating our child.”,6. In western countries, there is another pocket-sized f
25、amily. This kind of family is composed by some fashionable couples. They are just enthusiastic about the realization of their self-value and self-development, and they only strive for personal freedom and enjoyment. They are not interested in bearing children. Now with more and more women going out
26、to work and having their own income, this kind of family which is called DINK Family- Double Income No Kids develops very fast,7. According to an article in Times, the types of British families have had great changes in the last three decades. The trend mainly is the decrease of married household: f
27、rom 55% in 1991 to 45% in 2001. Thus there occurs some other types of family patterns:one person families (caused by the increase in the number of elderly people in Britain- empty nest and young people choosing to live on their own as well as more and more young people choose single life.),(2)Cohabi
28、tants/compound family (This group includes three sub-types: the two persons relationship is in fact husband and wife. They just didnt have the registration and wedding. They may also have their children. It is reported that there are 11% of the British children under 16 living in such families. the
29、two are just friends or colleagues, and they just share a set of house and they have their own life respectively. This is very common in China too. ),the third is there are not only two cohabitants. Maybe several singles or several couples live together and they all have their own lives but they may
30、 share some expenses. This kind of family is now called group family and is very popular in many big cities for the sake of high expenses.,8. There is also an increase in another two types of households: kangaroos family (old unmarried children living with their parents) and the household with young
31、 husband and older wife (老妻少夫).,9. SINK family: with the change of peoples notion, there occurs full-time wife or full-time husband without child and this kind of family is called SINK family-Single Income No kids. Many people may strive for this kind of life, but it has some potential danger as it
32、may destroy a persons psychological balance.,10. Besides the above family patterns, in western countries, there are also the families with several generations- maybe three or four live together- called extended family which is typical of China.,11. The Chinese characteristics:,The traditional family
33、 pattern in China is called Big Family or Extended Family. In this type there are: lineal families, consisting of two or more generations with each generation composed of one married couple (or a divorced person, widow, or widower); joint families, consisting of two or more married couples (or divor
34、ced persons, widows, or widowers) of the same generation.,China has the similar family patterns with western countries. But apart from these, there are some characteristics of our own.,2. “421” Family: Four members of grand generations, a couple (two) and an only child. It is a popular saying that t
35、he seven members in this kind of family are like seven cards: four big cards, one hand and two essential. Every one is vital to the family. Experts predict that this kind of family pattern may lead to a lot of problems in the future. A couple will support four parents. Many years later many people will have no cousins, relatives etc. .,The End of Chapter 9 Family,TheEnd of Chapter 9 Family,
