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1、2011年江苏省高考考试说明英语科的任务型阅读要求考生根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词语转换。任务型阅读是根据普通高中课程标准(实验)提出的“优化学习方式，提高自主学习能力即通常强调的Learn through doing”的理念而设计，旨在考查考生根据学习任务的需要用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题能力真正达到培养学生英语思维的能力。该题型要求考生在阅读所给语言材料的基础上对相关信息进行加工，在读透文章、把握主题、理清文脉和审清题意的基础上以完成表格或图表的形式完成相关文字表达的任务。,从2011年江苏省高考考试说明英语科的任务型阅读提供的两种考查示例表格状和
2、树状图表来看，均综合了理解、分析、概括和书面表达等能力。也就是说，要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。主要考查学生获取信息的能力(对应信息查找题)、加工处理信息能力(对应信息转换题)和概括表达信息能力(对应信息归纳题)。,1阅读文章前：观察图表(1)看是否有标题/是否需要填标题，注意利用所给标题了解文章大意。(2)浏览表格，大致了解文章结构，注意利用已给信息了解文章主线。(3)看是否需要统一的形式。2阅读文章后：进行填词(1)首先通览全文，利用表格中的信息提示，准确地在文中找到答案的信息来源。(2)选词要尽可能完整，准确地表达出文中信息；先确定词义，再确定词性，最后
3、确定出所选词的适当的词形变化。动词要注意时态，语态，名词要注意单复数，形容词、副词要注意各自不同的修饰功能，连词要注意行文的逻辑关系。,3填词后：通读表格(1) 再次确保答案与表格内容的一致性。(2)注意语意是否流畅，确保语意和语法两个方面都正确。解题小窍门(1)注意表格中易于定位的信息提示如表格中人名，地名，数字，年代，专有名词等。(2)注意不仅要学会从文中找答案源，也要注意表格本身蕴涵的信息。(3)注意在日常学习中注意单词词形相互转换以及同义单词和词组间的转化。,1信息查找题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。如：(1)5W and 1H：who，wh
4、at，when，where，why，how；(2)时间先后： first，then，after，that，next，finally；(3)因果：because，thus，lead to，cause，as a result；(4)比较：similarly，differently；(5)转折：but，while，however，instead，on the contrary。,2信息转换题解题关键：是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。常见的转换方式有：(1)词性转换 (2)句子结构转换 (3)同义词和反义词转换。由于此类题是高考最常考的题型，这里结合近年来的高考题做具体的讲解。
5、(1)词性转换，即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。如：,原文：be responsible for your own learning.转换成表格中：Take(76)_ for ones own learning.分析：抓住关键词responsible，将它转换为名词。答案为responsibility。原文：Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determ
6、ining who you are.转换成表格中：Messages from others help you (73) _ who you are.分析：抓住关键词determining，将此动名词转换为动词原形，因有词组let sb.do.。答案为determine/define/know/understand。,原文：Communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting
7、messages to share.转换成表格中：Needs and(74) _ of others should be considered.分析：抓住关键词expect，将它转换为名词。答案为expectations/hopes/desires/wishes。原文：With all the information available，its not surprising that people can feel confused.转换成表格中：There is a lot job information online，but too much of it may sometimes be
8、(77)_分析：抓住关键词confused，由于题目中的主语是too much of it，因此答案为confusing。,原文：Regularly updated，the handbook is available as a book and online.转换成表格中：The information is updated in a (78)_ manner.分析：抓住关键词regularly，转换成形容词。答案为regular原文：You can also learn how to apply for jobs.转换成表格中：Its vast resources include ways
9、of job (79)_分析：抓住关键词apply，转换成名词。答案为application。原文：Its worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can.转换成表格中：The time you spend and the efforts you make will be (85)_分析：抓住关键词worth，转换成形容词。答案为worthwhile。,(2)句子结构转换。做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。原文：But every day we expe
10、rience the centrality of ourselves in communication.转换成表格中：We are always(71) _ in communication with others.分析：首先要将原文句意理解透彻，题意为每一天我们在沟通中都是以自我为中心的。其次分析出题人的意图，找出题眼，本题是如何将题眼the centrality of ourselves转换为一个表语，就本题应填一个形容词。答案为selfcentered/subjective。,原文：We are constantly providing behaviors that have commu
11、nicative value for them.转换成表格中：We are constantly(78) _ meanings by what we do.分析：本题题意不难理解，即：我们应常向他人提供有交际价值的行为。出题人的意图是：have communicative value(79)_ meanings，答案为conveying/expressing。原文：Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results.转换成表格中：Yon may redo the conversa
12、tion，but you(80) _ achieve the same results.分析：很容易看出本题的意图：made far different results _ achieve the same results，答案为cant/cannot。,(3)同义词和反义词转换，即练习将一个词的反义词找出来。做此类题的技巧如下：以前缀和后缀来表示，例如：happyunhappy，likedislike，等。例题如下：原句：She thought her husband was faithful to her.But the discovery shocked her.转换为：The disc
13、overy that her husband was _ to her was a shocking to her.分析：由原句中的后半句知Her husband was not faithful to her。因此需要找出一个和not faithful意义相同的词。答案为unfaithful。,有很多词并没有前缀和后缀形式的标志，如oldyoung，longshort，differentsame等。例题如下：原句：He seldom visited his friend Tom after the quarrel last time.转换为：But for the quarrel last
14、time，he would be a _ visitor to his friend，Tom.分析：仔细分析原句，知本题关键是找出seldom的反义词，而且能修饰visitor。答案为frequent。,以词组形式出现，如：be good atbe weak in，get intoget out of，turn onturn off，turn downturn up，be awakebe asleep，catch up withfall behind, both.and.neither.nor.等。例题如下：原句：Everything in the house was neat and tid
15、y.But the naughty boy changed it thoroughly.转换为：The naughty boy left everything in the house in a _.分析：本题关键是找出一个和in搭配的固定短语作为neat and tidy的反义短语。答案为mess。,3信息归纳题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性量体裁衣，适度性；醒目性，简洁性。常见的概括性词有：原因：reason，cause；结果：result，effect；目的：aim，purpose；方法：measure，solutio
16、n，way，method；观点：opinion，view，attitude；异同：differences，similarities；优劣：advantages，disadvantages；其它：time，purpose，behavior，feeling。,1注意审题(1)表格的结构(2)填空句的结构2注意表达(1)整个文章结构(大小标题)(2)内容表达3注意语法(1)字母大小写(2)名词的数和格(3)动词的形式(4)形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(5)连词，介词(6)时态语态、非谓语形式等。,特别提醒1务必狠抓表格。表格是文章的提炼和精华，文章只能提供要点的原始出处，所以切记不可随意照搬原文的词
17、。2务必注意形式。有时并不是在文中找到原词就可以的，还要根据表格的需要进行词形变换和语法处理。3务必左顾右盼。表格中的相似格就有很强的暗示作用，解题时留意相似格可以更快更准确地把握空格的词形。4务必做好检查。如大小写、第三人称单数、双写后缀等细节极容易出错，最后检查一遍很有必要。此外，该大写的字母一定要突出一些。,1略读。快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构。 抓住文章的框架及每段大意。 2扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容；准确定位填空的要求；捕捉信息点查读；以便带着问题找读。 3细读。带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。深入理解文章内容，分析整合信息、准确表达。
18、归纳概括，转换信息正确表述。 4复查。复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。,Passage 1 “Four Tigers” Ceremony of the Tu MinorityHeigouding Village，Ledu County in the west of Qinghai province is a place where many people of the Tu minority have lived for centuries.As the little village is comparatively closed to the outside wo
19、rld，a custom called “Four Tigers” was created 200 years ago to protect its inhabitants(栖息地) from sickness and bad luck.Every year the ceremony is held on the eve of January 15th according to the Chinese lunar calendar to frighten off ghosts and evil souls，and to pray for peace.,Normally four local v
20、illagers are selected to be the “tigers” in the ceremony.At first，they gathered with village elders at the mountaingod temple to offer sacrifices of wine，food and incense，and to ask the god to help the tigers.Then the tigers were adorned with herbs，candles and two batches of incense to serve as the
21、tigers ears.Two red ribbons held in their mouths represented the tigers tongue.The “Tigers” drank wine，knelt and kowtowed to the mountaingod before they received Hada，a kind of white silk scarf representing respects and good luck，from the village head with firecrackers crackling.,As night fell，the c
22、andles on the tigers bodies were lit and the tigers began their visits to one household after another.Villagers followed，shouting “Tigers are coming！”The elder from each household welcomed the tigers at the gate，while the rest of the family knelt down in the courtyard.Firecrackers were set off，a toa
23、st made and candies，meat and wine were presented to the villagers following the tigers.After twirling (快速转动)in three circles in the courtyard while those present kowtowed and prayed，the tigers went through every corner of every room to drive away any hiding ghosts.If there was a sick person in the h
24、ouse，the tigers jumped around him or her，scratched their body and said lucky words to drive away diseases and ghosts.After the ceremony，the family would present wine and food to the tigers.Then，shouting “The tigers are leaving！” the whole family saw them off.After visiting all 30 or 40 households，th
25、e herbs were removed from the tigers and burned，to indicate that all the ghosts had been conquered.Then the villagers knelt and kowtowed with the sound of firecrackers，marking the end of the ceremony.,The tiger image exists in other minority groups，also.In ancient times，people entrusted their happin
26、ess to gods.The “four tigers” ceremony is vividly held in memory of ancient times and a living fossil for academics studying the lives of ancient people.As it is not popular nowadays，this cultural heritage is on the edge of extinction and needs to be rescued.,答案：71.Procedure/Steps/Course72.drive/fri
27、ghten73pray74.avoid/prevent75.chosen/selected76.tigers77.burned/burnt78.kneel79.vivid80.study,Passage 2When it comes to the world of computers，green computing is becoming one of the most popular trends.But，what exactly is green computing? The term “green computing” is one that is being used in many
28、different markets and areas all over the world in todays global technology.Yet，many computer users out there arent sure what it means.Green computing is actually pretty easy to explain and to doit is basically learning to use computer resources more efficiently to help the environment as well as mak
29、ing energy savings.The main goal of a green computing program is to reduce the use of energy and materials that harm the environment.Green computing helps to promote the use of biodegradable products and recycle computer parts whenever possible.,Green computing started as early as 1992，when the EPA
30、created Energy Star，which is a voluntary labeling program that promotes energy efficient computing equipment and technologies. It was because of this program that many computer manufacturers launched sleep mode and millions of computer users around the world began to adopt this policy to help save e
31、nergy when they were not using their computers.The term “green computing” began to be used around the same time as well，and began to become a goal that more companies strive to meet over the years.There are several government agencies that have continued to help strive for better standards for compu
32、ters and promote green promoting.Energy Star was actually revised in October of 2006 to make the requirements stricter for computers，and also implemented a ranking system for products.Because of these new requirements，there are over 20 states that have now established a special recycling program for
33、 old computers and electronics to help with green computing.,Many of todays IT systems are beginning to rely on both people and hardware to help push their computer systems toward a more green computing system to help both the company and others.This is a hard balance to achieve，as it has to satisfy
34、 users，management，and regulatory compliance(顺从)Even the disposal of computer waste is all managed so that everyone in the circle is happy with the outcome.Many companies are learning the best ways that they call go greener when it comes to their computing and also help their business in the process.
35、While many home computer users may not be quite as familiar with green computing as large firms，this term is starting to become more mainstream all around the world and the requirements for new，better computers to help both the companies and the end users of the equipment，as well as our environment，
36、are becoming more and more urgent.,答案：71.Definition72.better73.harm/damage74.Development/History75.promoting76.adopted77.stricter78.present79.satisfaction80.globally/worldwide,为更好满足学习和使用需求，课件在下载后可以自由编辑，请根据实际情况进行调整In order to better meet the needs of learning and using, the courseware is freely edited after downloading,
