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1、The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark,William Shakespeare,One of Shakespeares greatest tragedies, Shakespeares masterpiece. “Hamlet” was written in the early 17th century, the theme from the Danish historian Sake Suos “Danish History”, the play to the background of the medieval （中世纪的）palace in De
2、nmark by Hamlet to avenge his fathers story, is really describe England in the late Renaissance and the true face of European society, the performance of the authors profound（深远的） reflection on the Renaissance and the fate and future of deep concern. Shakespeare in the subject matter of this ancient
3、 meaning and value of life, good and evil, reason and justice and other philosophical questions, so that works as one with a philosophical tragedy.,Brief introduction,背景介绍,莎士比亚生活在欧洲历史上封建制度日趋没落、资本主义兴起的交替时代。为了资本主义的发展，在思想领域新兴的资产阶级文艺对封建文化展开了激烈的斗争，这就是欧洲历史上著名的“文艺复兴”时期，莎士比亚就是这一时代最杰出的戏剧家和诗人。 本剧取材于12世纪的一部丹麦史
4、，作者用人文主义的观点，把这个只是单纯为父复仇的故事，改写成一部深刻反映时代面貌、具有强烈反封建意识的悲剧。,Main characters,哈姆雷特 Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark, the title character, and the protagonist(主角). About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew （侄子）of the present k
5、ing, Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy（忧郁的）, bitter, and cynical（愤世嫉俗的）, full of hatred for his uncles scheming（诡计多端的） and disgust for his mothers sexuality. A reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg, Hamlet is often indecisive（犹豫不决的） and hesitant, but at oth
6、er times prone to rash and impulsive acts. 克劳迪斯 Claudius - The King of Denmark, Hamlets uncle, and the plays antagonist. The villain （戏剧中的反派角色）of the play, Claudius is a calculating, ambitious politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for（贪求） power, but he occasionally shows signs of g
7、uilt and human feelinghis love for Gertrude, for instance, seems sincere.,乔特鲁德 Gertrude - Danish queen, the princes own mother. Pharaoh died she remarried Claudius, at the age of Shakespeare this relationship is regarded as incest（乱伦）, so caused Hamlet hatred. She baby-sat for Hamlet mistakenly dran
8、k the poisonous wine, on the spot, died. 奥菲莉亚 Ophelia - Poloniuss daughter, a beautiful young woman with whom Hamlet has been in love. Ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, Laertes. Dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to Poloniuss sche
9、mes（阴谋） to spy on （侦查）Hamlet. Even in her lapse into madness and death, she remains maidenly, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river amid the flower garlands （花环）she had gathered.,哈姆雷特：丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。,奥菲莉娅：波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双
10、双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。,克劳迪斯：丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。,乔特鲁德：丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳迪斯，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳迪斯预设的毒酒，当场身亡。,鬼魂 The Ghost - The specter（幽灵） of Hamlets recently decease
11、d father. The ghost, who claims to have been murdered by Claudius, calls upon Hamlet to avenge him. However, it is not entirely certain whether the ghost is what it appears to be, or whether it is something else. Hamlet speculates that the ghost might be a devil sent to deceive him and tempt him int
12、o murder, and the question of what the ghost is or where it comes from is never definitively resolved. 雷欧提斯 Laertes - Poloniuss son. For his father and his sisters death with swords killed Hamlet. He also died in the poison of the sword, though Hamlet didnt realize sword is poisoned . 福丁布拉斯 Fortinbr
13、as - Norway prince. In drama only short cut-scenes theatre. But he is important because the last lines by him say, seem to symbolize a brighter future, elaborated （详细阐述）the drama theme .,波洛涅斯 Polonius - Claudius presence of a minister. He is a notoriously(众所周知地) stubborn, obstruct Hamlet and Ophelia
14、 the love between. Hamlet always pretended idiotic to tease him. He hid in a tapestry(挂毯,绣帷 ), eavesdropping(偷听) Hamlet and the queen conversation, prince was a sword stabbing to death. 罗生克兰和盖登思邓 Rosencrantz & Guildernstern - The university is Hamlet old classmates. They were Claudius to recruit （招募
15、）to look after Hamlet. Although the two were in drama role is not big, but prince soon suspicion pair is a spy. When the king of England will be executed Hamlet, he told the name to differentiate the. Hence two people behind the scenes inexplicably to die.,波洛涅斯：克劳迪斯的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。
16、哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。,雷欧提斯：波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。,霍拉旭：哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。,罗森格兰兹和吉尔登斯吞：都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳迪斯招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把国书偷换了。于是两人在
17、幕后莫名其妙地死去。,The relationship between the characters,Hamlet,Claudius,Gertrude,Ophelia,Laertes,The Ghost,Fortinbras,Polonius,son,husband,lover,friend,nephew,daughter,father,brother,brother,wife,Three to avenge his fathers trail(三条替父报仇的线索),1.Hamlet his father was killed by Claudius .,2.Laertes his fathe
18、r was killed by Hamlet .,3.Fortinbras his father was killed by King Hamlet .,the plot,The play centers on the revenge story of Demark prince, Hamlet. In order to revenge on his uncle , he pretended to be mad and suffered a series of misery.,全剧简介,第一幕：老王鬼魂显现，告知哈姆莱特自己是被克劳狄斯害死的，这是复仇的缘起。第二幕：国王克劳狄斯心怀鬼胎，派原
19、为哈姆莱特之友的罗森格兰兹等人对他展开试探。,第三幕：克劳狄斯进一步利用哈姆莱特的恋人奥菲利娅对哈姆莱特试探的同时哈姆莱特佯装疯癫，通过俳优,所演的戏证实了克劳狄斯的恶行，并为复仇误杀了正在偷听的弄臣波洛涅斯。,第四幕：克劳狄斯为除后患，迫哈姆莱特去英国，欲借英王之手将他,杀死，反被哈姆莱特抓住机会，假英王之手杀死了派去监视他的朝臣，返回丹麦。,第五幕：奥菲利娅忧伤而死，其兄雷欧提斯与哈姆莱特比剑。哈姆莱特在王后误服毒酒而死、雷欧提斯当众揭露国王害人阴谋后，将国王杀死，自己也中剑而亡。,Classic lines,To be, or not to be: that is the questio
20、n.生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题 This above all: to thine own self be true.尤其要紧的是，你必须对自己忠实 There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.世上的事情本来没有善恶，都是个人的思想把它们分别出来的 What a piece of work is man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! in form and moving how express and admirable! in action
21、how like an angel! in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the world, the paragon of animals! 人类是一件多么了不得的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行为上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！”,Comment on hamlet,A thousand reader will have a thousand hamlet,Hamlet is typical of the Renaissance humanists.,Befo
22、re his mother married his uncle，He can treat people equally, not to the Prince itself. He opposed the feudal jus sanguinis（血统主义）, that fat king is a beggar with a thin table, two different dishes. He emphasize dearthly life, praise and the pursuit of love.,思考,Subjective reasons :Hamlet is a humanist
23、, is individualist, and his struggle alone, failure is inevitable. This is a tragic humanistObjective reasons : His time has failed to provide the advanced elements of the inevitable （不可避免的）victory of the conditions, the enemy is also too great balance of power, which resulted in a historical necess
24、ity and requirements and this requirement is practically impossible to achieve the tragic conflict between . So this is an era of tragedy.,？,Hamlets tragedy roots,Ideological center of the article,Reversed by the royal palace script confusion rotten description reveals new feudal dynasty and the irr
25、econcilable (矛盾的)contradictions between the bourgeoisie. But the emerging bourgeoisie（资产阶级） still in the bud（在初期）, to overthrow the feudal building time is not ripe. It is a true reflection of social reality in Renaissance England darkness, highlighting the ideals of humanism. 剧本通过对宫廷王室颠倒混乱、腐朽不堪的描述，
26、揭示了封建王朝与新兴的资产阶级之间不可调和的矛盾。但新兴的资产阶级尚处于萌芽状态，推翻封建大厦的时机还未成熟。它真实地反映了文艺复兴时期英国现实社会的黑暗，突出了作者的人文主义理想。,The thought,Shakespeare created Hamlet-a man with wisdom and courage .In order to revenge (报仇)on his uncle for killing his father, he pretended to be mad and suffered a series of misery. On the contrary, we can also say that Hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge . If a country has no king, how can a country keep alive. So, every thing has two sides, the bright side and adumbral side. Every time we make a decision we have to think twice.,在你的眼中，哈姆莱特是一个怎样的人？,Thank you,
