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1、中考英语写作指导:应用文写作,2022/12/13,教学目标:,1、指导学生了解英语应用文中有哪些形式,掌握英语应用文中书信的书写格式。2、培养学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲的能力3、让学生根据提供的材料完成一篇习作,并互相评价,修改。,2022/12/13,书信常识,英文格式:1、信头(heading)2、称呼(salutation)3、正文(body)4、结束语(complimentary close)5、签名(signature),应用文写作概述,英语应用文写作在初中阶段主要包括日记、书信、通知、便条、贺卡等。前三种又是中考常考的文体。解答这类题时,一方面要根据题目的提示和要求进行
2、书面表达;另一方面要注意,应用文体(日记、书信、通知等)的不同书写格式,这往往是命题者的意图所在。,2022/12/13,应用文写作概述,所以,在平时的学习过程中,要注意知识的积累,仔细观察,多练、多用、多写、多用。此外,书写时一定要确保所表达的内容情景交融,富有文采,语言通畅、流畅,语法正确。,WritingPractical Writing,Dear Sir/Madam,(称呼)(正文) (谦称)Yours faithfully, (签名)xxx,Department of foreign languages, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA,C
3、lass4,seniorBaise No.xxschool, Guangxi , China27 Jan, 2008,缩进式(信头),发信人地址及发信日期,收信人姓名和单位地址,2022/12/13,Im glad youll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. Its difficult for you because its quite different from English. You have to remember as
4、 many Chinese words as possible. Its also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions,
5、please ask me.Im sure youll learn Chinese well.Hope to see you soon in Beijing. (谦称)Yours faithfully, (签名)xxx,2022/12/13,(一)书信的写作,英文书信和中文书信在格式上差别很大,英文书信的格式有以下几部分构成: (1)信头。信头就是写信人的地址和日期,写在书信正文的右上角。顺序是先写地址,后写日期。地址的顺序是由小到大。日期的顺序是:日、月、年或月、日、年。,2022/12/13,(一)书信的写作,(2)信内地址。 信内地址就是收信人的姓名和地址。低于信头1-2行,写在书信的左
6、上方,即在称呼的上方。顺序是:先写收信人的姓名,在写地址。地址也是由小到大。,2022/12/13,(一)书信的写作,(3)称呼。 称呼就是对收信人的称呼。从左边顶格写,占一行。称呼一律在人名前加Dear.如DearJohn,Dear Mr.Lee,Dear Mrs Liu等,并且用逗号结束。,2022/12/13,(一)书信的写作,(4)正文。 正文是一封信的主要部分。正文从称呼下隔一行开始,开头要空出3-5个字母的距离。作者要把主要表达的内容放在正文里,不能太罗嗦,可以直奔主题,语言要简洁,内容要连贯,注意语气要客气礼貌。,2022/12/13,(一)书信的写作,(5)结束语。 结束语一般
7、写在正文的下方,与正文隔2-3行的距离。一般往往从信纸中间偏右的地方写起,一般用Yours,Sincerely,后加逗号,然后另起一行,写上写信人的名字。,2022/12/13,結尾的部份,典题考练,假设你叫王明,是广西百色某中学的一名中学生。请你给在广西柳州的笔友Linda写一封信,向她介绍一下你的学校的情况。 提示:学校约有1500多名学生。教师富有经验,学生们学习都很刻苦,是一所省重点中学(key school),每年都有80%(eighty percent)以上的学生考入各类学校。学校绿树成荫,办公楼和教学楼坐落其间,是学习的好地方。,典题考练,注意:1.用英语书信的格式填写双方的姓名
8、和地址。2.通讯地址:中国广西柳州市第九中学186班class 186,liuzhou NO.9 middle schoo, Guangxi,China.3.写信日期:2017年3月15日,范文欣赏,Dear Linda, How are you?I am pleased to introduce our school to you.There are about1,500 students and 30 classes in our school.Its one of the key middle school in the province.The teachers teach very
9、well and the students study hard.Every year more than 80% of the students are able to go tothe universities and colleges.A lot of green trees and red flowers grow everywhere in the school and the office buildings and the teaching buildings among them.,范文欣赏,Its really a good place for students to stu
10、dy in.Ilove it very much.Welcome to our school. Best wishes. Yours, Wang Ming,The ead.,Thank you for listening so well.Goodbye and see you next time.,4. 便条,便条主要是指留言条和请假条等。留言条和请假条在结构上是一样的,都由称呼、正文、签名和留言日期4个部分组成。正文部分应写得简单、明确。 便条一般写在纸上,不用信封。格式与书信类似,但简化了很多: 称呼后面都用逗号。 结尾不必像书信一样写结束语,署名在右下角。 可以写日期,位置一般在右上角略
11、高于称呼的位置,一般只写星期几和上、下午或晚上。为了准确,可以写具体的钟点,不必写年、月。 语言较口语化。,(1)请假条(Asking for a Leave),具体来讲,请假条分两种:病假条和事假条。但无论哪种请假条,都要写明请假的原因和请假的时间。另外,如果是病假,最好随请假条附上医生的诊断证明,【典型考题例】,假设你叫Joe,昨天在一场车祸中腿部受伤,现在在医院。医生说你至少要卧床两个星期。 请你给班主任高老师写一张请假条,说明这一段时间不能上学的原因。请假的日期是10月12日。字数60字左右。 一并附上医生的诊断证明。(Enclosed please find the doctors
12、certificate证明书.) October12th,Dear Mr. Gao, Im sorry to tell you that my legs were hurt in a traffic accident yesterday. Now I am in hospital and the doctor told me that I would have to stay in bed for at least two weeks, so I cant go to school these days.Enclosed please find the doctors certificate.
13、 Yours, Joe,(二)日记的写法,英语的日记 英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。,日记的书端,书端是专门载写日记的日期、星期和天气的。它被写在正文的左边,要顶格写。书端的日期可以先写月份,再写日期,最后写年份。如:14 May,2017。 书端的日期可以用基数词,也可以用序数词的缩写形式,但后面必须加逗号。除May外,其余月份都可以缩写,年份用阿拉伯数字书写。如:Feb.8th,2017或8th Feb. 2017。,日记的书端,书端的星期可以在日期前,也可以在日期后。 Wednesday(wed.),Febrary(F
14、eb) 8th,2015或Febrary,8th,2015,Wednesday. 如果要在书端里写天气情况,可以简写Fine/Clear/Sunny/cloudy,snowy,windy,rainy等。 天气写在右上角。,正文,正文的格式与其他文章相像,一般缩进3-5的字母,也可以顶格写。由于日记记录的是已经发生过的事,因此常用一般现在时态。,写应试日记,写应试日记注意事项:1.认真阅读图文提示,分析重点,确定如何写。2.仔细分析文章中所需时态和语态,力求做到语法正确。3.注意用好介词与连词,使文章简练、活跃。,4.复合句和简单句搭配使用,增强文章的可读性。5.抓住重点,展开想象,拓宽思路,写
15、好文章的结尾,6.格式正确,书写工整,标点很正确,符合字数要求。,范文赏析,请根据以下的内容写一篇90个词的日记:内容要点、;5月3日,星期六,晴。你乘坐公共汽车去一家商店,在车上看见一位乘客给一个抱着孩子的妇女让座,你因为没有让座而感到羞愧,提前下了车。谈谈自己对此事的感受和今后对自己的要求。,范文赏析,May 3rd,Saturday,sunny I went to a shop by bus today.There are lots of people on the bus.A woman got on the bus.She was carrying a baby in her arm
16、s,but no seat was empty.The woman looked a little disapponted.Just then an old woman stood up and gave her seat to the woman with a baby.,The woman with a baby thanked the old woman again and again and sat down.I just sat beside the old woman then.My face turned red as I thought of that.I felt very
17、sorry for it.I decided to get off at the next stop and I did so.From that matter I felt that I should be strict with myself and try to do good deeds.,通知的写法,英语通知与中文通知一样有两种形式:一种是口头通知,另一种是书面通知。 (1)口头通知的形式 口头通知采用第一人称形式传达,说话者必须切合自己的身份,如代表某个集体或某个集体中的一员。,发布口头通知应该注意以下两点: 1)开头应有称呼语和引起听众注意的开场白。开头称呼语常用的有:Boys
18、and girls,Comrades(同志,朋友),Ladies and gentlemen。开场白常用的有:Attention,please.Be quiet,please.May I have your attention,please? 2)结尾应该给听众要结束通知的信号,常用语有:Thats all.Thank you.,(2)书面通知的格式: 书面通知通常以布告形式出现。为醒目起见,标题的每个字母都要大写。内容要遵循“四多一少”的原则,即:被动语态多,将来时态多,简单句多,祈使句多,修饰性词语少。通知要体现4“W”,即:what,who,when和where。书面通知一般没有称呼语,
19、通常用第三人称。,书面通知由4部分组成: 标题:在正文上面正中的位置写上NOTICE或Notice。 正文: 说明通知的具体时间、地点、活动内容和注意事项。 单位:发布通知的单位一般写在正文的左下角。有时也放于标题之下,作为标题的一部分。 时间:发出通知的时间一般写在正文的右下角。,【典型考题例】,假如你是一位导游,原定今天带领外宾去农村参观,由于下雨参观活动延至明日。请你用英语口头通知外宾今天新的活动安排。内容要点如下: (1)时间、地点:上午8:30在宾馆门口乘车。 (2)活动安排:上午参观一所具有85年历史的中学。下午参观工业展览馆,那里展出许多产品,其中有些产品还获得了今年的全国发明奖
20、。 (3)注意事项:准时上车,随身带好所需物品。如有问题,欢迎询问。 注意:1. 通知只需把要点写清楚,不要逐条翻译。2. 字数100字左右。,Attention, please! Im sorry to tell you that the visit to the countryside we planned for this morning will be put off till tomorrow because of the rain. Please gather at the hotel gate at half past eight tomorrow morning and the
21、n we will take a bus to the countryside.,Tomorrow morning we will visit a middle school, which has a history of 85 years. In the afternoon we will visit an industry exhibition, in which many new products are on show. Some of them won the national prizes for invention. Please get on the bus on time.
22、Cant forget to bring the things you need with you. If you have any questions, you can ask me. Thank you.,【典型考题例】,请用英语为学生会(The Students Union)写一个书面通知,时间是5月4日,内容是: (1)今天上午10:00在会议室召开各班班长会议。 (2)全校师生下午4:00看电影。下午的课改在1:30开始。,NOTICE There will be a meeting for all the monitors in the meeting-room, at 10:00
23、 this morning. All the teachers and students are going to see a film at 4:00 this afternoon. The classes this afternoon will begin at 1:30. Be sure not to be late for school, please. The Students Union (学生会) Feb 26, 2017,(2)留言条(Leaving a Message),当你去找某人,而他不在的时候,你可以用留言条告诉他你找他的原因。留言条是一种实用但比较不正式的文体,因此,
24、要言简意赅。最后不要忘记告诉对方留言的人是谁。,【典型考题例】,假设你叫Bill,钟伟是你的朋友。你们很久没有见面。你打电话给他却没有人接,去他家找他,他又不在。所以你就留言约他周日晚上在他家附近的中国餐馆吃饭,让他看到条子之后给你回一个电话,你新换了电话号码,现在的是53768897。 这个留言条的背景是多次寻友不遇而留言相约,因此有必要把多次到访的过程做个简单的叙述。另外的重要信息是约会的时间、地点和自己的电话。写的时候可以按照这个顺序,但要注意不可逐句翻译。,Zhong Wei. I havent seen you for a long time. I tried to call you
25、, but there was no reply. I stopped by your house, but you were not there. It is said that the Chinese restaurant near your home is pretty good. What about going there this Sunday evening? We can have a nice chat over dinner. Please call me as soon as you see my message. By the way, my telephone num
26、ber has just been changed. It is 53768897. Bill,(3)电话留言(Telephone Message),电话留言也是便条的一种。电话留言要求信息完整、准确,语言简单扼要。一般以表格的形式进行记录。 【典型考题例】 请根据下面的对话完成后面的表格。 下笔之前,问自己几个问题: 1. Pat为什么要打电话给Jack? 2. 晚会什么时间开始? 3. 大家是各自前往吗?,C = Mrs. Clarke,P = Pat C:Hello, this is Mrs. Clarke. P:Hello, Mrs. Clarke, this is Pat. May
27、I speak to Jack, please? C:Sorry, hes out. Can I take a message? P:OK, thats very kind of you. Please tell,him the party was put off to 5:00 p.m. the day after tomorrow. C:Will you meet before the pary? P:Yes. Ill come to meet Jack in your house at 4:30 on that day. C:OK, I see. P: Thank you ,Mrs,Clarke.Bye.C:Bye-bye.,TELEPHONE MESSAGE,From:PatTo:JackDAY:Friday.TIME:4:00p.m.MESSAGE:Thereis no party today.Itll be at 5:00 on Sunday afternoon.Pat will meet you at4:30.,