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1、,小学英语语法,专题一 名词,名词 Nouns,概念:名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。如:apple, desk , book , Jack , Beijing ,专有名词,名词的分类,普通名词,如:Jack (杰克),The GreatWall(长城),Beijing(北京),概念:指某个人,地方,机构专有的名词。,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,概念:是指可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词,有单数和复数两种形式,表示一个人或一件事物用单数。表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。,概念:指不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词,没有单复数之分。通常用计量单位表示。,一、请写出下列词的复数形式。1.c
2、ity zoo milk 2.tooth peach bus 3.mouse boy photo 4.fox foot sheep5.leaf man dress 6.potato knife child7.people dish water 8.fish piano this,可数名词复数变化规则,1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,
3、再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.以o结尾的有生命加es ,如: tomatoes , potatoes . 无生命的加s 如:photos ,zoos,可数名词不规则复数变化,1. 单词中含有oo的,变复数时改oo为ee. 如:foot feet, toothteeth , goosegeese2.单词中含有a的,变复数时改a为e 。如:manmen, womanwomen 3. 单复数形式不变。如:sheep , fish , deer , pe
4、ople ,4.其他较常用不规则名词复数 如:childchildren ,名词所有格,名词所有格形式:表示有生命的名词与后面名词的所有关系。分为:一、名词s所有格:1.单数名词后直接加 s 如:Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈2.以s结尾的复数名词,只加 如: TeachersDay教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书3.不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加 s Womens Day妇女节 Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋4.表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加s 如: Lucy and Lilys mother 露
5、茜和莉莉的妈妈(一个妈妈) 5.表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加s Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,不是同一个),of所有格:1.动物和无生命的名词所有格一般使用介词of短语来表示。如:the name of her cat她的猫的名字 a picture of our school 一张我们学校的照片2.有时有生命的东西也可用of所有格,可与名词s所有格替换。如:the name of the boy=the boys name这个男孩的名字,1. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day.A. Teacher B.
6、TeachersC. Teachers D. Teacher2. Its June 1st, its _ Day.A. Childrens B. ChildrensC. Childrens D. Childrenss3. This year, _ is on May 9th.A. My mothers brithdayB. My mothers brithdayC. My mothers brithdayD. My motherss brithday4. This is _ .A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bikeC. Mikes and Jims
7、 bikeD. Mike and Jim bike 5. This is _ , and I borrowed it two days ago.A. a picture of Mr. CoxB. a picture of Mr. CoxsC. a Mr. Cox pictureD. Mr. Coxs picture,C,B,A,A,A,同步练习,一、用词的适当形式填空。1.The black dog is _ (thin) than the white dog.2.This balloon is _ (big) than yours.3.My bag is _ (heavy) than you
8、rs.4.John is _ (strong) than Mike.5. I am _ (short) than Lucy.,1、规则变化:(1)一般情况在词尾加er:如: small -smaller (2)以不发音的e字母结尾的加r:如: late - later(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加er: 如: easy - easier (4) 重读闭音节词(辅音+元音+辅音)双写最后一个辅音字母再加er如: big - bigger(5)多音节词前加more如: important - more important,2.不规则变化good / well - better 好的更好的bad / badly / ill - worse 坏的更坏的many / much - more 多的更多的little - less 少的更少的,