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1、英语语音语调节奏重音,主要内容,一、 语句重音二、停顿、意群、气群三、英语中的节奏四、英语语调,一、语句重音,语句重音指的是人们在朗读连贯的语句时，哪些词要重读哪些词不要重读的规则。一般规则重读不重读注意,一般规则（一）：哪些词重读,在连贯的语句中通常需要重读的词有：1.名词、2.形容词、3.数词、4.实义动词、5.副词、6.某些代词（指示代词等）、7.疑问词、8.叹词。这条规则可以总结为：实词重读,1.名词 noun,An elephant is an animal.Im a teacher.,2.形容词 adjective,Shes beautiful.Her skirt is blue
2、and white.,3.数词 numeral,I have two brothers.John is nine.,4.实义动词 notional verb,She sings well.Mary loves her dolls.,5.副词 adverb,He speaks English slowly and carefully.,6.某些代词（指示代词等）pronoun,1. 指示代词 this, that, these, thoseThat boy over there is my cousin.2. 反身代词 myself, yourself, themselves.He himsel
3、f hurt his own foot.,3. 不定代词 some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, somebody, something.Everybody was late.Some are red; some are blue.,7.疑问词,1.疑问代词 what, which, who, whom, whoseWhat would you like to eat？2.疑问副词 when, where, howWhen did you get there?,8.叹词（interjection）,Oh, its snowing.My,
4、what a downpour!Hey, thats a nice shot!Dear me!,一般规则（二）：哪些词不重读,在连贯的语句中通常不重读的词有：1. 冠词、2. 代词（人称、物主、关系代词）、3. 非实义动词、4.连词、5.介词。,1. 冠词,This is a computer.The computer is my sisters.,2. 代词（人称、物主、关系代词）,I am a teacher. They are my friends.My mother often helps me.The book that he is reading is mine.Do you re
5、member the girl whom we met at the party?,3. 非实义动词,John is studying Chinese.The meeting will be cancelled.He may not go to Shanghai tomorrow.I used to go there.,4.连词,and, or, for, but, as, than, if, when, while, since, now (that), as if, as though, etc.I wont do it, for I dont think its right.Will y
6、ou stay home or stay with me?He works much harder than you.He came to see me but didnt stay long.,5.介词,at, by, for, from, of, in, to, into, etc.I met him at the airport.Hes from Hong Kong.,注意,和单词重音不同，语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象。根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。,A: I thought yo
7、u were a student.B: I am a student.and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.,二、停顿、意群、气群,为了使意思表达得更清楚，或者为了换气的需要，人们在说话或朗读的时候，经常需要停顿（pausing）。形式上，标点符号提示停顿，而且提示停顿的长短。逗号、分号、冒号等停顿较短，句号停顿较长。意义上，停顿和意群、气群密切相关。,意群,一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分为几个部分，每一个部分可以称为一个意群（sens
8、e group）。从语义、语法上来讲，意群是能表达某种意思的一个词，一组词，一个短语或一个分句，一个从句或一个主句。从语调上来说，意群是可以用降调、升调或平调来朗读的一个语调单位。,Before 1949, I used to live in Hong Kong and worked as a teacher., Before 1949/, I used to live in Hong Kong/ and worked as a teacher. ,意群的语调,意群根据其在句中的位置可分为句首、句中和句末意群三种。通常来说，句首和句中意群用升调，表示意思不完整，尚须往下听。但如果句首或句中意群
9、表意完整、语义重要，和后面部分联系并不密切，就可用降调表示。,He put the letter into the envelope, /smoked a cigarette /and then walked out of his room. When she learned that, /she was very angry/ and decided to punish the man. ,气群,凡是一口气能说完或读完的一个句子或句子中一部分称为一个气群。一个气群一般包含若干个意群，气长的人可以念完一个很长的句子而不换气，但最短的气群也不得少于一个意群。,Hurry up! /Take it
10、 away. /Both my brothers and I /are fond of music./Mary and her friend /had a big quarrel./Which is bigger, /an elephant /or a tiger?/,三、英语中的节奏,先看例子：She studies every morning. She stu dies eve ry mor ning.在朗读时，重读音节要念得重些，长些，慢些（因而显得特别响亮清楚）；非重读音节则要念得轻些、短些、快些（因而显得不是那么响亮清楚）。这种自然形成的轻重、长短、快慢等有规律的交替就构成英语里的基
11、本节奏。,一个节奏群,Its fine.Im busy.Hes a doctor.Theres a letter for you.,两个节奏群,Go there.I want to go.I wanted to know.I wanted you to know.I wanted you to do it.I wanted you to write to him.,I think he did it carefully.I wonder if hell ask me in advance.They said they had to go at once.How far is it from h
12、ere to London?Where did you say you had put my glasses?,o o,Come here.Look out!What for?No more.Say “yes”.Ask John.,o o o,Try again.Not enough.Look inside.Do it now.Not so fast.Cut the bread.,o o o,I think so.Id like to.Of course not.Its early.Shes ready.Im sorry.,o o o o,Its possible.He wanted it.T
13、heyve finished it.Ive heard of it.Ive paid for it.Be nice to her.a friend of mine.,o o o o,Send him away.Terribly slow.Give him a bookWhat is the time?Sing us a song.Throw it away.,o o o o o,Ive eaten them all.He wanted us to.I know what it is.He gave it to me.We had to do it.,o o o o o o,I think it
14、 will be fine.I wanted you to know.You ought to go to bed.You only have to try.Ill try to be in time.He didnt know the way.,o o o o o o o,He started to talk to me.She wanted to write to him.Ill borrow another one.Youll get it on Sunday.He came on a bicycle.,四、英语语调,人们在说话或朗读时，声音时升时降，时高时低。这种声音的高低升降与句子重
15、音结合在一起便构成英语语调。英语里最基本的语调有两种：降调和升调。句子末尾用下降语调的叫降调。句子末尾用上升语调的叫升调。,降、升调的三个共同点,1. 句子中第一个重读音节的声调最高。Both the children are playing outside.Both the child ren are play ing out side.,2. 第一个重读音节之前的非重读音节声调低平。He should have asked how to do it. asked how toHe should have do it,3. 第一个重读音节之后的其他重读音节，声调依次递降。Both the c
16、hildren are playing outside.Both the child ren are play ing out side.He promised to send a telepgram on his arrival.,降调的特点,1. 在最后一个重读音节上声调下降。Why are you so late?2. 最后一个重读音节后面的非重读音节，其声调低平。Whats on at the cinema?,升调的特点,1. 如果句末是重读音节，声调就在这个音节上上升。Must you go?2. 如果句末是非重读音节，则在最后一个重读音节开始声调就须由低向上稍升，后面的非重读音节的声调再依次上升。Did you speak to him yesterday?,
