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1、学习语音的重要意义？Why do we learn this course?,1)有利于正确地从声音方面表达思想，对听说技能的获得是必须的。2)有助于语法和词汇的学习。（全面的牢固的掌握一门外语。必须有声地掌握该们语音即首先掌握语音。）,English,West Germanic languageAbout 325 million native speakersBritain,56 millionThe USA,232 millionCanada,24 millionAustralia&New Zealand,17 million The sole official language in 2
2、0+countries,the most important language of commerce,the most widely learned second language,The importance of learning English pronunciation and intonation,(1).Good pronunciation and intonation is essential for a teacher of English.(2).Good pronunciation and intonation is needed for better communica
3、tion.(3).Good pronunciation and intonation is the basis of good listening and speaking abilities.(4).Good pronunciation and intonation has some indirect influence on the students writing and reading abilities.(5).Good pronunciation and intonation can help the students develop good sense of language.
4、,What do we study in this course?,The study of pronunciation consists of two fields,phonetics(语音学)and phonology(语音体系).Phonetics deals with the production of speech sounds by humans;often without prior knowledge of the language being spoken.Phonology is about patterns of sounds,especially different p
5、atterns of sounds in different languages,or within each language,different patterns of sounds in different positions in words etc.,英语语音教程的范畴Contents,1）掌握英语44个音素的发音1.音素的概念.Phone/phoneme:The smallest meaning-distinctive sound unit 用以区别意义，组成一个读音的最小发音单位.其作用类似于汉语拼音。2.音素的分类 元音20个(单元音12+双元音8)+辅音音素24个,共计44.
6、,Speech sounds,English consonants,Pronunciation of the 26 letters,Aa,Hh,Jj,Kk,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Gg,Pp,Tt,Vv,Zz(Ame)Ff,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ss,Xx,ZzIi,YyOo,Qq,UuRrWw,3.元音分为单元音和双元音 单元音中，根据发音时舌头前中后哪个部分抬得最高，可以分成前元音、中元音和后元音4.辅音根据成阻方式可分为：爆破音、摩擦音、鼻辅音、破擦音、旁流音和半元音,1）掌握英语44个音素的发音,How to learn this course,1.imitation2.practice,
7、esp.after class,学习语音应注意什么？,1）多听、多模仿、多练习。2）以听促读、说。3）掌握每个音是怎么发音的。（发音器官）,发音器官图,1.请列举你所认为的发音器官,Organs of speech,1.上唇 upper lip 2.下唇 lower lip 3.上齿 upper teeth 4.下齿 lower teeth 5.上齿龈 upper teeth ridge 6.硬腭 hard palate 7.软腭 soft palate 8.小舌 the uvula 9.舌端 the tip of the tongue 10.舌前 the front of the tongu
8、e 11.舌后 the back of the tongue 12.喉头 throat 13.声带 the vocal cords 14.器官 organs 15.咽头 the pharynx 16.口腔 the mouth cavity 17.鼻腔 the nasal cavity,总结：提高语音语调的几个方法,1.Listen to spoken English as often as possible.多听别人说，自己做有心人。Listen：How native speakers pronounce various words and phrases and model your pro
9、nunciation on what you hear.,总结：提高语音语调的几个方法,2.Learn the phonetic alphabet.学习音标。Use the phonetic alphabet page(at the beginning of most good dictionaries)as a guide to pronouncing new words.,总结：提高语音语调的几个方法,3.Dont forget to learn the word stress of a new word.注意单词重音。Every English word has its own stre
10、ss,or intonation.For example,the word believe has two syllables(be and lieve),but only the second syllable is stressed.We say believe and not be lieve.Your dictionary will show the syllable stress by an apostrophe()before the syllable to be Word stress is important.In fact,it is more likely that som
11、eone misunderstands you because of wrong word stress than because of the wrong pronunciation of a sound.,总结：提高语音语调的几个方法,4.Work out which sounds cause you most problems in English.找出自己的弱点，专门解决。Depending on what your first language is,you may have problems with certain sounds.For example,French speake
12、rs have difficulties with th;speakers of Mandarin have difficulties with r or l,and Arabic speakers have difficulties with p and b,For example,pair and bear;pond and bond;pie and buy etc.,总结：提高语音语调的几个方法,5.Be aware of intonation and sentence stress.注意句子的重读。Not all words in a sentence have equal stres
13、s,and generally only the information words(nouns and verbs)are stressed.Wheres the pen I gave you?Wheres the red pen I gave youWheres the red and blue pen I gave you yesterday?The unstressed words(such as the,I,you and and)dont carry as much weight as the stressed words.They become much smaller in l
14、ength,and are almost abbreviated.For example,and becomes un.,5.Be aware of intonation and sentence stress.注意句子的重读。,Changing stress 根据意思改变重读 Sentence stress isnt fixed like word stress.In fact,you can stress words that are normally unstressed in order to highlight different meanings.For example:I lov
15、e you.(Love,rather than just like.)I love you.(With the stress on I to highlight that its me rather than another person who loves you.)I love you.(And nobody else.),5.Be aware of intonation and sentence stress.注意句子的重读。,Intonation 不同情境不同语调 There are a couple of easy to remember rules about intonation
16、.Usually our voices go up at the end of the sentence to show a question,and down at the end to show a statement.Intonation is also important in tag questions:You know him,dont you?(With rising intonation on dont you?“to show its a question).You know him,dont you.(With falling intonation on dont you
17、to show its a statement you expect the other person to agree with.),总结：提高语音语调的几个方法,6.Learn to recognize spelling patterns.根据拼写规则发音For example,tion on the end of a word is pronounced shun,while sion can be pronounced zhun.There are often many ways to pronounce a particular spelling pattern,but it cer
18、tainly helps to know what the variations are.For example,the pattern ough can be pronounced uff as in enough and tough,or or as in ought and bought or oh as in although and dough.,总结：提高语音语调的几个方法,7.Dont rush.不要比速度，合适语速比清晰。If you speak too fast,the danger is that you could skip over some words,fail to
19、 pronounce them completely,or mix them up.If you speak too slowly,you might end up sounding unnatural.But its better to speak slowly and clearly than too quickly.,About Final Examination,40%classroom performace(attendance,question answering,homework)60%examination performance,ASSIGNMENT,This weeks assignment in two parts.Part 1:Make yourself familiar with the concepts learnt in class today.Part 2:Read the words and sentence in the introduction part of the course book.,25,
