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1、基本句型,句子的种类根据作用分A 陈述句：肯定陈述句，否定陈述句B 疑问句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 C 祈使句D 感叹句 what感叹句 How感叹句,根据结构分简单句并列句复合句状语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 定语从句 状语从句 同位语从句,简单的基本句型1主语+连系动词+表语Our classroom is big and bright.I am a student.2 主语+不及物动词（谓语）I can swim.3 主语+及物动词（谓语）+宾语Tom wrote an article.4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He showed his father h
2、is new shoes.5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足We should keep our classroom clean . 6 There be +主语+状语There is a book on the desk.,句子的成分基本成分主语：动作的施出者，表示所说的是谁是什么The bird can fly. He is my sister.谓语：表示主语的动作或状态（动词）We worked together.句子可能具有的成分直接宾语：表示动作的承受者（名词，人名，代词）He makes a fly.间接宾语：表示动作是针对谁作的，不是动作的承受者Pass me the salt,
3、please . She told me a story.句中的me都是间接宾语,宾语补足语；为表示意思的完整，仅有宾语远不够，还需有补足语加于补充The teacher encouraged students to express his idea.表语：表示主语的特征或性质或表示主语是+（名词）It is warm and bright. The flowers are red.定语：用来修饰或限定名词，表示其特征特性或其它情况He has a beautiful girl friend.状语：表示动作，行为或事件发生的时间，地点，目的。方式，程度，因果等，They arrived at
4、hospital yesterday.She comes here by train.,并列句1.并列关系并列句连词有：and, not onlybut also, neithernor2.转折关系并列句连词有：but, yet, however3.选择关系并列句连词有：or., eitheror.4.因果关系并列句连词有：for, so, therefore,例句并列关系：I hope him and he help me.转折关系：He tried open the door, but he couldnt. 选择关系：Either you are foolish or he is.因果关
5、系：The students are on holidays, therefore you can see them today.,复合句 定语从句 同位语从句复合句： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 状语从句,定语从句,定语从句又称关系从句：在主句中相当于一个定语，只不过这个定语是一个句子定语从句可以修饰一个名词，代词，或一个句子，被修饰的词叫现行词，从句在其后，由关系代词关系副词引出关系代词有：that. which, who, whom, whose等关系副词有：when , where , why,关系代词引导的定语从句,John is the girl who/that was inj
6、ured in the accident,（先行词） （关系代词）（ 关系代词在从句中作主语）,He found the watch which/that he had lost （先行词） （关系代词） （ 关系代词在从句中作宾语）,The man whom/that you saw just now is our manager 先行词 关系代词 （ 关系代词在从句中作宾语）The house which/that was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt 先行词 关系代词 （ 关系代词在从句中作主语）,Is there anyone whose na
7、me is Wangli? 先行词 关系代词 ( 关系代词在从句中作主语）The building whose roof we can see form here is （先行词） （关系代词）（ 关系代词在从句中作宾语）,As引导的方式状语从句， 意为“像.一样”We must do as the teacher told us.As 引导原因状语从句， 意为“由于”As you are tired , you had better rest.,As引导的让步状语从句，意为“虽然”“尽管”Child as he is ,he can do it well.=Although/though h
8、e is a child ,he can do it well.Hard as he studied ,he didnt pass the examination. =Though/although he studied hard ,he didnt pass the examination,同位语从句1.同位语从句用于表示名词的内容,对其加以解释,能跟有同位语从句 的,通常是具有引导内容的名词,在从句中不担任成分，常见的有： fact, idea, news, hope, evidence, suggestion, order, problemThe doctors came to the
9、conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancerThe discovery that every heavenly body has gravity was made by Newton同位语从句通常由that引出，但随着与其同位的名词不同也可由 whether, when, where, how, what, why引出They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the workI have no idea when he will return,主语从句名
10、词性的从句可作句子主语，这种从句称为主语从句。主语从句的引导词通常有who whom when where why what how which whose whether等，主语从句的引导词不能省略，由从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式What I said is important to youHow to get there is still not decideWhether to do it or not is what we will discuss tomorrow是否做那件事是我们每天将要讨论的事,C it作形式主语的主语从句结构已形成固定用法和译法， 通常有4种情况 It is
11、 +名词+从句 It is a fact that. 事实是. It is a good news that., 是个好消息 It is a question that. 是个问题 It is common knowledge that .是个常识,It is +形容词+从句It is necessary that有必要It is clear that. 很清楚It is (un) likely that 很可能It is important that主要的是.,It is +过去分词+从句It is said that据说.It is reported that 据报道.It has bee
12、n proved that.已证明 It must be pointed out that必须指出,It +不及物动词+从句It seems that.好像是.It happened that.碰巧It follows that . 结果是.,表语从句表语从句的结构：主语+连系动词+表语从句常用的连系动词有:be, seen, remain, look等My idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately我的建议是这个计划应该立即执行The question remains whether we should accept their invitation问题仍然是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请It looks that (as if) it is going to rain看起来天要下雨,宾语从句充当宾语的从句，叫宾语从句。宾语从句可作动词宾语， 介词宾语，和某些形容词的宾语,
