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1、顺译,顺译法就是按照原文顺序翻译的方法。下列几种情况都可以使用顺译法进行翻译：多个表示连贯动作的动词并列时，英语和汉语往往都按照动作发生的先后顺序来安排词序；英语中的状语或从句为了强调提至句首时以及英语中的介词短语，副词短语，分词短语组成的“介词+动名词”结构置于句首时。,例1. She had spent a sleepless night, and rising early, had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cooler air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn.她一夜无眠，早早起身，
2、披上毯子，迎着拂面的凉风，凭窗眺望黎明。多个连贯的动作并列时，英语和汉语的语序一致，采用顺译法。例2. If anyone comes, tell him to wait a few minutes.如果有人来，请让他等一会。英语中强调状语时，语序和汉语的语序一致，采用顺译法。,例3. If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.如果富
3、国和穷国之间的谈判获得进展的话，就打算在12月份安排召开部长级会议。条件句的语序和汉语的语序一致，可采用顺译法。例4. In four weeks I was my old self again.四个星期后我就彻底康复了。英语中的介词短语置于句首时，和汉语的语序一致，可采用顺译法。,逆译法,逆译法就是不按照原文的语序进行翻译的方法。汉语在叙述动作时一般是按照动作发展的先后顺序，进行排列，而英语在叙述动作时，更多的是使用各种语法手段将动作的先后顺序打乱。在翻译这类句子时，应按照译入语的习惯重新整合动作的顺序。,逆译法常用来翻译“先议后叙”的句子。 It was a keen disappoint
4、ment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. 我原打算一月份访问中国，后来不得不推迟，这使我深感失望。,Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form, structure, growth habits, and even mode of reproduction in becoming adapted to different climatic environment, ty
5、pes of food supply, or mode of living. 在逐渐适应不同气候环境、养料来源、或生活方式的过程中，许多种类的动植物在外形、构造、生活习性甚至繁殖方式方面都发生了显著的变化。,It was ironical to reflect that if I had not lived in France for so long I would never have found it necessaryorpossible to visit the American South.,It will take nearly 1,000 years for women to g
6、ain the same economic and political clout as men if current trends continue, a UN report says.,His business connections with the pecunious great both in France and in England secured the foothold he has obtained on his arrival in Europe as a young man with letter of introduction to persons of conseq
7、uences. 他初到欧洲时，还是个拿着介绍信去见名流的年轻人，后来和英法的大款们发生商业关系，这才站住了脚跟。,I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through the narrow window near my crib. 半轮月光渐渐坠下，月光透过小床旁边的一个窄窄的窗子射了过来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。,I feel that every book opens me a window through which I see an unthinkably new
8、world when the book tells me about never-heard-of and never-seen characters, sentiment, ideas and attitudes. 我觉得，当书本给我讲到闻所未闻、见所未见的人物、感情、思想和态度时，似乎是每一本书都在我面前打开了一扇窗，让我看到一个不可思议的新世界。,Let me once more thank you for the constructive way you helped to settle all the problem that were in the way of signing t
9、he contract. 您本着建设性的求实的态度，协助解决了影响签订合同的若干问题，请允许我再次向您表示感谢。,In December 1980, two bronze carriages, each with a driver and four horse, were found near a big tomb.1980年12月，两辆青铜马车，每辆配有一名车手、四匹骏马，在一座大墓附近被发现。1980年12月，在一座大墓附近发现两辆青铜马车，每辆配有一名车手、四匹骏马。,Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in adv
10、ertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults. 凡是有头脑的人都不会指望申请工作的人说出自己的缺点和更为严重的过失。同样，他也不会指望广告里的话全都是真的。,The Conservative party was hard hit when War Minister John Profumo was involved in a moral scandal that furnished the British pres
11、s with headlines for weeks. 国防大臣约翰.普罗夫莫卷入了一件有伤风化的丑闻，给英国报刊一连数周提供了头条新闻，这件事使保守党受到了沉重的打击。,Anthropologist Thomos Kochman gives the example of a white office worker who appeared with a bandaged arm and felt rejected because her black fellow workers didnt mention it. 人类学家托马斯.科赫曼举出一个白人办事员的例子。她上班时一只手臂上绑着绷带，因
12、为她的黑人同事看见她手臂上的绷带却只字不提，对此她感到不快。,The American confessed to feeling what I believe most Americans would feel if a next-door neighbor passed within a few feet without acknowledging their presencesnubbed. 这个美国人坦承他感到自己受到了冷落，我相信如果隔壁邻居隔着自己几步之遥径自走过去连招呼也不打一声，大多数美国人也会有同样的感受。,Not surprisingly, it was an unwelco
13、me change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told that her state pension would be cut by 12.30 a month. 有一点不足为奇，即对于像67岁退休银行出纳员莎碧.维特尔这样的老人来说，这一变化是不得人心的，因为她被告知，她的养老金每个月要减少12.30美元。,The most important fact in Washingtons failure on Thursday to be re-ele
14、cted for the first time since 1947 to the UN Human Rights Commission is that it was Americas friends, not its enemies, that engineered the defeat. 星期四，华盛顿未再次当选联合国人权委员会委员，这是自1947年以来的头一遭。这件事中最重要的事实是，导致美国失利的是美国的朋友，而不是美国的敌人。,三 抽词拆句法： The story took place in a bitterly-fought 1929 textile strike at Gasto
15、nia N.C. in America. 1929年，美国北卡莱罗纳州加斯托尼地区爆发了一场激烈的纺织工人大罢工，故事就发生在这场大罢工中。,Paradoxically, though they are the providers of food to the remaining mankind and constitute lifeline for the urban dwellers, yet the interests of inhabitants in many rural areas continue to be consigned to revolting neglect. 尽管他
16、们生产粮食养活了世界的另一部分人，维系着城镇居民的生命线，然而，许多农业人口的利益至今仍继续遭受令人厌恶的冷漠忽视。说起来荒谬，但这却是事实。,They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that he had recklessly participated in an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war. 他们可能已不得不蒙着一种臭名而终其余生，这个臭
17、名就是：他曾贸然参与了一项行动，这项行动破坏了最高级会谈，并且可以设想，还可能已触发一场核战争。,The Counselor for Commercial Affairs of China Embassy and the representative of import and export corporations, economic and technical corporation exercise their functions and power abroad under the leadership of Ministry for Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of China. 在国外，中国使馆商务参赞及进出口公司经济和技术公司的代表在中国对外经济贸易部的领导下行使职权。,
