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1、New TOEFL iBTSpoken English,Lesson Six,Warm Up Exercises,1. Practice Tongue Twisters,Tongue Twister No.1,A tutor who tooted the flute,Tried to tutor two tooters to tootSaid the two to the tutor,“Is it easy to toot, or tutor two tooters to toot?”,Tongue Twister No.2,Peter Piper picked a peck of pickl
2、ed peppers. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. How many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?,Tongue Twister No. 3,She sells sea shells on the sea shore,The shells she sells are sea shells Im sure.For it she sells sea shells on the sea shore. Then Im sure she sells sea shore shells.,To
3、ngue Twister No.4,How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood.,Tongue Twister No.5,Spring is gay with flowers and song. Summer is hot and the days are long. Autumn is rich with fruits and grain. Winter brings snow and the New Year again.,Tongue Twister No.6,Morning glory in
4、 the sun. Here is another day begun. Factories open one by one. Off to school the children run. Work is waiting to be done.,Tongue Twister No. 7,1) This is the house that Jack built.2) This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.3) This is the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house t
5、hat Jack built.4) This is the rat that caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.5) This is the dog that chased the cat that caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.6) This is the cow with the crumpled horn that tossed the dog that chased t
6、he cat that caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.,Simulated Test,What would be your dream job? Use reasons and details to support your response. _,Sample Answer,My dream job would have to include the following three characteristics. First, the job should be within m
7、y domain of interest. This is important because excellence comes from passion, while passion comes from interest. Second, the job should involve some challenges and requires creative solutions. If it is just boring routine work and can be done by almost anyone, then there is no sense in doing it at
8、all. I want to conquer hard rocks and solve problems in a new and different way. Third, there should be a cooperative team. I want my colleagues to be friendly, understanding and helpful. That way I will feel relaxed and bring out the best of myself.,Simulated Test,Do you prefer to write a paper as
9、a final exam or have a sit-in exam? Use reasons and details to support your response. _,Sample Answer,Well, this is actually a complicated question. My preference will vary from occasion to occasion. It depends on what kind of subject I am studying. If the subjects to be tested are fact-based subjec
10、ts, such as science and engineering ones, I would prefer a sit-in exam. Because what I need to do is just to learn about the facts, truth, or formula by heart and write them out to make sure whether I have mastered them. I dont have to express my opinions because they are simply true and have been p
11、ut the test for years. If, however, I am supposed to study subjects in the humanities, I would prefer to write a paper, because there is no definite answer to the questions therein. I need to learn about something and then find relevant materials and then formulate my own ideas about it. A paper wou
12、ld provide enough time and space for me to explore the subject and think for myself.,Sample Answer,The woman has read the announcement at the Special Collections Reading Room and found it very inconvenient for her. The inconveniences are caused by the following reasons. First, the reading room will
13、be closed on Mondays, but thats the time when she would have enough time to do research for her paper. Second, she is in the last phase of her research and she needs access to the rare books and manuscripts, but that room will be closed to the public. Finally, she thinks the library administration s
14、hould move the rare books to a temporary location, because her paper is due only two weeks after the library is reopen.,Simulated Test (Longman P439),Great Ape CommunicationQuite a few scientific studies have been conducted on communication by the great apes, a group of primates composed of gorillas
15、, chimpanzees, and orangutans. What has been concluded in these studies is that the great apes communicate in a variety of ways that include, but are not limited to, facial expressions, gestures with their appendages, and a variety of calls. The large primates use this wide variety of methods of com
16、munication to express a broad range of ideas to other members of their group, such as anger, fear, approaching danger, dominance over the group, or acceptance of members into the group.,Sample Answer,In this set of materials, we have learnt something about Great Ape communications. In the reading pa
17、ssage, we learn that great apes are able to conduct a variety of communications with the help of facial expression, gestures and various calls. They can express fear, anger, approaching danger with other members of the group. In the listening materials, the professor talks about the limitations of t
18、he great ape communication. There are two basic limitations in their communication. No.1 is a lack of displacement, which means the great apes are unable to talk about things that are not present when they are communicating. Limitation No.2 is a lack of productivity. That means the great apes, even
19、though can communicate certain ideas, cannot control the communication by reorganizing their facial expressions, gestures or calls to produce new meanings,Sample Answer,In the listening passage, the woman was having a problem with deciding whether she should go to graduate school or start working af
20、ter graduation from college. She hates working and she has applied to grad school for a master in fine arts, but she is concerned with her mounting student debt. They have discussed two possible solutions: solution number 1 is that she would go to graduate school, but she will run into more students
21、 loans and might not be able to pay them off soon; solutions number 2 is that she should start working in a more general area to gain some working experience and pay off some of her debts and then she could re-apply to grad school when she wants and probably she has already changed her interest. I w
22、ould recommend the second solution to her, because education should be directed to employment and the woman is simply trying to escape the reality. If she has to face it anyway, the earlier would be the better.,Sample Answer,In the listening materials, the man doesnt know about the guest speaker wil
23、l give the lecture tonight, but assumes he is coming next week. The woman tells him about a notice posted on the theatre saying that the lecture is tonight. They realize that there must have been a change in schedule and the notice on the theatre is not possibly seen by many students, so they decide
24、d to set out telling their friends about the change of the schedule of the guest speakers lecture.,Types of Lectures,1) A lecture about processes: the professor might describe its functions.,Corresponding Answering Format,In this talk, the professor has given some information about the following pro
25、cess: _. The basic functions of this process are that: No.1, _; No.2,_; No.3,_; etc.,Types of Lectures,2) A lecture about a theory: the professor might explain what it is and its application.,Corresponding Answering Format,2) In this lecture, the professor has explained to us a theory called _. The
26、theory came about because _. And the theory can be applied to the following situations: No. 1, _; No. 2, _; No. 3, _; etc.,Types of Lectures,3) A lecture about a phenomenon: the professor might use examples to show its causes and effects.,Corresponding Answering Format,3) In this lecture, the profes
27、sor talks about the phenomenon that _. This phenomenon is caused by _. And this phenomenon will have an effect on the following things. No. 1. _ No. 2. _; etc.,Types of Lectures,4) A lecture about a concept: the professor might define it by classification and exemplification.,Corresponding Answering
28、 Format,4) In this lecture, the professor explained the concept/definition of _. This concept/definition falls into the following _ categories. No.1, _; No.2, _; etc. The professor also provided the following examples to illustrate this concept of _. The first example is _; The second example is _.,
29、Sample Answer to Question 6,In this lecture, the professor explained the forms of money. The forms of money fall into the following 2 categories. The first one is a narrow definition, in which money only takes the form of coins or paper bills. The second one is a broad definition, in which money mea
30、ns anything that a person uses to purchase something with and it is called “barter”. The professor also provided the following examples to illustrate the two forms of money. In the first example, you give dollars to a taxi driver to buy a taxi ride, and the taxi drivers uses the dollars to buy veget
31、ables from a farmer. This illustrates the first form of money; In the second example the taxi driver might give a farmer a ride in exchange for some vegetables and this is called “barter”. In addition, another concept mentioned in the passage is “legal tender”. It means something the law requires se
32、llers to accept as payments. Only coins and paper bills are legal tenders in America.,What should catch your attention?,Sentence patterns for definition. Example markers. Wh- words. Turing-point signal words. Contingency words. Tone-softeners,1) Defining sentence patterns.,People think of A as B. A
33、is often referred to as B. By A, I mean _.The term A is defined as _.The concept falls into _ categories. The concept came into being when _.,2) Example Markers., For example For instance such as take _ as an example a case in point is _ in the case of _,3) Wh- words, What? When? Where? Why? How? Wh
34、ich?,4) Turning-point signal words, But, However Nevertheless although while on the contrary, on the other hand,5) Contingency Words, because, since, for, due to the fact that, because of, therefore, so, as a result, consequently lead to, result in, indeed, as a matter of fact, actually,6) Tone-Soft
35、eners, to some extent tend to be inclined to do can may, might,Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.1,Now listen to the passage carefully.,Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.1,Use points from the talk to explain how the Bank Holiday came into being?,Sample Answer,In this lecture, the professor talks about a speci
36、al Holiday named Bank Holiday. This Bank Holiday was caused by a serious banking disaster in the 1930s when many banks were closed. President Roosevelt found a solution called “Bank Holiday”when banks will be closed to reorganize its system. The government also passed a bill to give people a deposit
37、 insurance by the federal government. This solution turned out to be very effective. First, the number of failing banks decreased sharply; Second, the people avoided losing money because of the federal deposit insurance.,Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.2,Now listen to the passage carefully.,Longman Com
38、prehensiveP581.16.2,Use points from the talk to explain what constitutes creativity?,Sample Answer,In this lecture, the professor talks about creativity. Even though different researchers have listed different characteristics of creativity, there are two widely accepted components: originality and a
39、ppropriateness. Originality means you have to solve a problem in a new and different way that no one has ever found before. Appropriateness means your solution should be suitable and should be able to solve the problem without offending people.,Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.3,Now listen to the passag
40、e carefully.,Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.3,Use points from the talk to explain why the huge river in South America is named Amazon?,Sample Answer,In this lecture, the professor explained to us why the huge river in South America is called the Amazon. There are, actually, two sources contributing to
41、 the formation of this name. Source No. 1 says that the name comes from the original inhabitants beside the river. They called it “Amazunu”, which is quite similar to the modern name Amazon. Source No.2 says that this name comes from the 16th-century chronicle of the European exploration of the rive
42、r. In the chronicle, some very brave female warriors are just as courageous as those in ancient Greek literature who were named Amazon. Thus, this name, with the native name, Amazunu, together formed the modern name Amazon.,Other Techniques,Ways to fill in the speech slots. How to prepare at home? H
43、ow to use movies. How to use the Internet.,1. Ways to fill in the speech slots,You knowactually I mean, as a matter of factwellmost probablywhich is quite obvious,2. How to prepare at home,Use the books at hand. Try answering all the questions in the exercises. Time your response. Learn by heart the
44、 listening materials in your books.,3. How to use movies,Find the appropriate moviesList of recommended movies:Scent of a woman 女人香Pay it forward让爱传出去Felicity 骚动的青春Desperate Housewives绝望的主妇Friends 老友记Prison Break越狱,4. How to use the Internet,Learn to use search engines: 2) Recommended websites: www.neworiental.org ,
